Study to Assess Safety and Efficacy of Engensis in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (REGAiN-1A)

An Adaptive, Phase 3, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Engensis in Participants With Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of Engensis on pain in participants with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the feet and lower legs, as compared to Placebo, as a second Phase 3, well controlled study, sufficient in supporting the efficacy and safety of Engensis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Diabetic Neuropathy, Painful
• Intervention / Treatment: Biological: Engensis; Other: Placebo

Detailed Description

Overall Design VMDN-003-2 is an adaptive Phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter study designed to assess the efficacy and safety of Engensis (containing the active pharmaceutical ingredient VM202) in Participants with painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Following completion of the informed consent process, Screening activities (during 45 days [from Day -52 to Day -7] prior to Day 0) will determine which Participants meet all-but-one eligibility criteria, which are assessed by an adjudication procedure, followed by completion of a 7-day eDiary prior to Day 0. Eligible participants will be enrolled and randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion and in a 1:1 ratio on Day 0 to either Engensis or Placebo. During Screening, medical history and familial cancer history, demographics, vital signs, height, body mass index, waist size, physical examination, retinal fundoscopy (by an ophthalmologist), 12-lead electrocardiogram, ultrasound of the right and left gastrocnemius muscles (to guide Study Injections), laboratory assessments, estimated glomerular filtration rate, Hemoglobin A1c levels, viral screening, a record of all concomitant medications and procedures, urine drug analysis, and urine pregnancy test for females of childbearing potential will be conducted.

In addition, the following procedures will be conducted during Screening: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Accurate Pain Reporting and Placebo Response Reduction, Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, and cancer screening tests.

During 7 days before Day 0 and randomization, Participants must complete the full Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on an eDiary for determining the Average Daily Pain Scores for at least 5 out of the 7 days. Adverse event assessments will start upon completion of the consent process at the start of Screening.

At any time prior to dosing on Day 0, Bedside Sensory Testing should be administered.

Following randomization, and prior to the first intramuscular injections of Engensis or Placebo on Day 0, the partial Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, , and quality of life instruments will be completed. Blood will be collected for testing of selected cytokines, anti-Hepatic growth factor antibodies, and laboratory assessments.

All Participants will receive sixteen (16) 0.5-mL intramuscular injections of Engensis or Placebo in each calf gastrocnemius muscle at each of two Visits during two Treatment Cycles: Treatment Cycle 1 on Day 0 and Day 14, and Treatment Cycle 2 on Day 90 and Day 104. At 2 hours (± 1 hour) after completion of intramuscular injections of Engensis or Placebo on Days 0 and 14 and Days 90 and 104, vital signs and blood draw for cytokine levels will be performed. Treatment-emergent adverse event assessment, including injection site reactions, will start as of randomization (Day 0) and continue throughout the study.

Follow-up Study Visits will be conducted on Days 28, 60, 150, and 180 or early termination. Vital signs will be recorded at all Study Visits. At the Day 180 Visit (end of study), the following assessments will be conducted: the full Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (performed for 7 days prior to the Day 180 Visit), Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument, Bedside Sensory Testing, Patient Global Impression of Change and the quality of life assessments (36-item Short Form Health Survey and European Quality of Life Health Utilities Index, urine drug analysis, retinal fundoscopy, physical examination, concomitant medications and procedures, and anti-Hepatic Growth Factors antibodies. Blood will be drawn for determination of serum chemistry, lipid profile, pregnancy status, hematology, and Hemoglobin A1c levels. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Engensis compared to Placebo as measured by changes in the means of the Average Daily Pain Scores of the full Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy, selected blood cytokines, Bedside sensory testing, and assessments of injection site reactions, physical examination, laboratory assessments, vital signs, treatment emergent Adverse events, and serious adverse events.

Study and Treatment Duration:

Screening will occur up to 52 days prior to Baseline (Day 0) and Participants will be followed from Day 0, the day of first Study Injections, to Day 180/Early termination.

Visit Frequency: Consented Participants will be seen and evaluated for enrollment during Screening (up to 52 days prior to Baseline, Day 0). There are 8 visits to the Clinical Site during the study from Day 0 to Day 180 for Study Injections and follow-up.

Intervention Groups and Duration:

Two treatment groups of Participants (Engensis or Placebo) will be in the study for 180 days.

Number of Participants (N = 152 to approximately 250):

The target sample size is a minimum of 152 Participants and the maximum sample size is 250 Participants based on the proposed adaptive design analysis. The final sample size of Participants to be enrolled and evaluated will be determined by the independent Data Monitoring Committee. An interim analysis will be conducted after approximately 50% of Participants in the target sample (i.e., 76 Participants) have completed the primary efficacy endpoint at Day 180 or have withdrawn prematurely. The Data monitoring committee will make a recommendation based on an unblinded (comparative) power analysis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 162
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85053
      • Arizona Research Center
  • Arkansas
    • Little Rock, Arkansas, United States, 72205
      • Clinical Trials - Little Rock
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90048
      • California Medical Clinic for Headache
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95821
      • Clinical Trials Research - Sacramento
  • Florida
    • Clearwater, Florida, United States, 33756
      • Innovative Research of West Florida, Inc.
  • Illinois
    • O'Fallon, Illinois, United States, 62269
      • Gateway Clinical Trials, LLC
    • Springfield, Illinois, United States, 62704
      • Foot & Ankle Center of Illinois
  • Missouri
    • Chesterfield, Missouri, United States, 63005
      • Clinical Research Professionals
  • New York
    • Staten Island, New York, United States, 10314
      • Richmond Behavioral Associates
  • South Dakota
    • Rapid City, South Dakota, United States, 57702
      • Health Concepts
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • Nerve and Muscle Center of Texas
    • McAllen, Texas, United States, 78501
      • Futuro Clinical Trials, LLC
    • Waxahachie, Texas, United States, 75165
      • ClinPoint Trials LLC
  • Virginia
    • Manassas, Virginia, United States, 20110
      • Manassas Clinical Research Center
    • Norfolk, Virginia, United States, 23510
      • Eastern Virginia Medical School
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23219
      • Dominion Medical Associates

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria

1. Male or female participants age ≥ 18 years at time of completion of the informed consent process
2. Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus and on current Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes - 2020 optimal guideline-directed medical therapy in participants (including vaccine recommendations if possible), and without unstable diabetes or significant medical problems, such as progressive end-organ disease, within 3 months of or during Screening, in the judgment of the Investigator
3. Glycosylated HbA1c of ≤ 10.0% using the first assessment collected during Screening
4. Documented diagnosis of bilateral painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in both lower extremities at least 6 months prior to Screening
5. An Average Daily Pain Score ≥ 4 (standard deviation ≥ 0.3 and ≤ 1.5) that was completed during the 7 days prior to randomization (Day 0)
6. The physical examination component of the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument score of ≥ 2.5
7. If on medication for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (other than gabapentin or pregabalin), must have been on a stable dose defined as < 50% change in total dose over 3 months prior to completion of informed consent
8. Male participants and their female partners had to agree to use double-barrier contraception during the study or provide proof of postmenopausal state (minimum 1 year) or surgical sterility
9. Male participants were not to donate sperm during the study
10. Female participants had to be nonpregnant, nonlactating, and either postmenopausal for at least 1 year, or surgically sterile for at least 3 months, or agreed to use double-barrier contraception from 28 days prior to randomization and/or their last confirmed menstrual period prior to study randomization (whichever is longer) until the end of the study
11. Capable and willing to comply with the requirements and restrictions of the protocol and informed consent form
12. Able to complete all screening activities within 52 days of signing the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Other sources of pain that prevented accurate assessment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy pain (e.g., thoracic and/or lumbar root proximal neuropathy, mononeuritis multiplex)
2. Peripheral neuropathy caused by a condition other than diabetes: e.g., anatomic (sciatic nerve compression), systemic (monoclonal gammopathy), metabolic (thyroid disease), and toxic (alcohol use) neuropathies
3. Had taken gabapentin or pregabalin during 30 days before completion of informed consent process or was going to take at any time during the study
4. Progressive or degenerative neurological disorder, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis, or other neurological disorders determined by the Investigator to preclude participation
5. Symptomatic peripheral artery disease or peripheral artery disease requiring revascularization and/or that may interfere with the conduct of the study
6. Vasculitis, such as from Buerger's or other diseases
7. Systolic blood pressure >180 mmHg on tolerable doses of standard antihypertensive medications at Screening determined by the Investigator to preclude participation
8. Hyperlipidemia or dyslipidemia not being treated with an optimal treatment regimen that follows the Standards of Care for hyperlipidemic/dyslipidemic patients with DM
9. Class 3 or 4 heart failure
10. Symptomatic bradycardia or untreated high degree atrioventricular block
11. Stroke or cerebrovascular accident or myocardial infarction within 3 months before Screening
12. Estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration formula based on Cystatin C levels
13. Progressive renal dysfunction, defined as a decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate to chronic kidney disease Stage 1, 2, or 3 in the past 6 months before Screening
14. Ophthalmologic conditions pertinent to signs or symptoms of proliferative diabetic retinopathy or other ocular conditions that precluded standard ophthalmologic examination
15. Myopathy (e.g., Duchenne or Becker muscular dystrophy, polymyositis)
16. Any prior or planned lower extremity amputation (excluding toe amputations) due to diabetic complications or prior lower leg injury (e.g., scarring, muscle atrophy) in the calf area (gastrocnemius) that would significantly reduce the surface area of the skin or amount of intact skeletal muscle required for the 16 treatment injections of Engensis
17. Active infection requiring antimicrobial agent(s) (chronic infection or severe active infection that may compromise the Participant's well-being or participation in the study, in the Investigator's judgment)
18. Chronic inflammatory or autoimmune disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis)
19. Immunosuppression due to underlying disease (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus) or to currently receiving immunosuppressive drugs, (e.g., chemotherapy, corticosteroids) or to radiation therapy
20. Participants requiring chronic oral or injectable steroids and unwilling to refrain from taking these drugs for the duration of the study
21. Participants with a family medical history of 2 or more first-degree relatives (parent, sibling, child) diagnosed to have the same type of cancer - breast cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, or prostate cancer; or with a family medical history of Lynch Syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer) in any first-degree relative; or who show positive results during cancer screening
22. Positive human immunodeficiency virus or human T-cell lymphotropic virus I/II test at Screening
23. Participants with cancer who have not been cancer-free for ≥5 years with the following exceptions (not excluded): Participants with in-situ basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma
24. Participants with a prior history of stem cell transplant for cancer no matter how long they have been cancer-free
25. Active acute or chronic hepatitis B
26. Active hepatitis C
27. Clinically significant laboratory values or current medical conditions during Screening that, in the judgment of the Investigator, should be exclusionary
28. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale score of ≥ 15 on either subscale
29. History of drug abuse (the habitual taking of addictive or illegal drugs) in the past 3 months and positive for Drugs of Abuse, with the exception of cannabis, during Screening

30. Participants unwilling to discontinue their use of the following during Screening at least 7 days before starting eDiary entries and not use any of the following during the study:

    • skeletal muscle relaxants
    • opioids
    • transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (tens)
    • acupuncture
    • benzodiazepines (other than stable bedtime dose)
    • injectable or oral steroids

31. Participants not on a stable dose and not willing to remain on a stable dose during study for the following drugs:

    • antidepressants
    • antiepileptics
    • duloxetine

32. Participants using the following medications and unwilling to discontinue topical use on the lower legs and feet and throughout the study:

    • capsaicin
    • anesthetic creams (except during Study Injections)
    • anesthetic patches
    • isosorbide dinitrate spray
33. Use of an investigational drug or treatment in past 30 days or previous participation in a clinical study with Engensis
34. Body mass index ≥ 42 kg/m2
35. Recent treatment for COVID-19 with ongoing sequelae

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Engensis; 16 (ea) 0.25mg (0.5 mL) injections in each of the right and left gastrocnemius muscles on Days 0, 14, 90, and 104.	Biological: Engensis; Intramuscular injections
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; 16 0.5 mL injections in each of the right and left gastrocnemius muscles on Days 0, 14, 90, and 104.	Other: Placebo; Intramuscular injections

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy of Engensis Compared to Placebo Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Feet and Lower Legs Comparing Average Daily Pain Score From Day 0 Visit to Day 180 Visit on Brief Pain Inventory for Participants With Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	• The Brief Pain Inventory for Participants with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10, with a higher score representing a worse outcome of more pain. Change in Baseline to Day 180. Summary of the Actual Value of the Change from Baseline to Day 180 in Average Daily Pain Score (Intent-To-Treat Population). Overall Engensis n=79.	180 days

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Efficacy of Engensis on Worst Pain in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Feet and Legs by Comparing Change From Baseline (Day 0) in Worst Pain Score From Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy to Day 180 Compared to Placebo	• The Brief Pain Inventory for Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10, with a higher score representing a worse outcome of more pain. Summary of the Actual Value of the Change from Baseline to Day 180 in Worst Pain Score (Intent-To-Treat Population).	180 days
Efficacy of Engensis Reducing Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Feet and Legs by Determining a ≥ 50% Reduction in the Average Daily Pain Score From Baseline to Day 180 Using the Brief Pain Inventory With Participants Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	• The Average Daily Pain Score from the Brief Pain Inventory for Participants with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10 with a higher score representing a worse outcome of more pain. Summary of Responders with ≥50% Reduction from Baseline in the Average Daily Pain Score on Day 180 (Intent-To-Treat Population).	180 days
Safety of Engensis in Painful Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy in Feet and Legs Comparing Incidence of Adverse and Serious Adverse Events, Incidence of Injection Site Reactions, and Incidence of Clinically Significant Laboratory Values to Placebo	To evaluate the safety of intramuscular administration of Engensis in Participants with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy in the feet and lower legs as compared to Placebo. • Incidence of adverse events and serious adverse event; Incidence of injection site reactions; Incidence of clinically significant laboratory values.	180 days
To Evaluate the Possibility of Cellular Responses to Engensis	Change from baseline in the TNF-alpha, IL-1b, IFNy, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12p70 cytokine profile post-dose at the Day 104 visit.	104 days
To Evaluate the Possibility of Humoral Responses to Engensis - Anti-Hepatic Growth Factor	• Presence of anti-hepatocyte growth factor antibodies following Engensis administration compared to Placebo - Anti-hepatocyte growth factor antibodies will be collected on Day 0, 60, 90, 150 and 180, and the presence will be summarized according to each time point.	Days 0, 60, 90, 150 and 180

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
To determine whether IM administration of Engensis has the potential for disease modification by measuring the improvement in Bedside Sensory Testing at Day 180 compared to Baseline	• The Bedside Sensory Testing scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10 with a higher score representing a better outcome	180 days
To determine whether IM administration of Engensis has the potential for improving quality of life, sensation, proprioception, and deep tendon reflexes by measuring the improvement in Bedside Sensory Testing at Day 180 compared to Baseline	• The Bedside Sensory Testing scale has a minimum score of 0 and a maximum score of 10 with a higher score representing a better outcome	180 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Helixmith Co., Ltd.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 20, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 24, 2023
• Study Completion (Actual): July 31, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 25, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 8, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): July 14, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): October 9, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 23, 2025
• Last Verified: August 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Endocrine System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Neuropathies
• Other Study ID Numbers: VMDN-003-2

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No