- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04527640
Effects of Synbiotics Supplementation on the Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate Level and Constipation in End-stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Effects of Synbiotics Supplementation on the Concentration of the Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate, Symptoms of Constipation, and Constipation-related Quality of Life in End-stage Renal Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Detailed Description
One of the most common gastrointestinal symptoms in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis is constipation, which is one of the risk factors of microbiota dysbiosis. One effect of dysbiosis is the increased level of a uremic toxin known as indoxyl sulfate. The accumulated concentration of indoxyl sulfate in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn increases the risk of cardiovascular event. Constipation and an increased risk of cardiovascular event is associated with low quality of life in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Synbiotics administrations had become one of the many ways to improve gut dysbiosis as it is expected to lower the level of indoxyl sulfate and improve the symptoms of constipation and constipation-related quality of life. Although studies had investigated the role of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, the role of synbiotics in lowering the concentration of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study is conducted to demonstrate the benefits of synbiotics administration in lowering the concentration of indoxyl sulfate in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis, This is the first study in Indonesia investigating the effects of synbiotics supplementation in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This study is a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted on end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients will be divided into two arms: synbiotics and placebo. The study will take place in the hemodialysis unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital in September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 60 participants will be recruited for the study (30 in each arm), who will be randomized into the synbiotic arm or the placebo arm. Both investigators and patients will be blinded to the treatment, and blinding will be conducted by the pharmacy unit of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital.
Patients who had consented to participate will be assessed for medical history and physical examination. Food recall evaluation will also be performed by a nutritionist. Blood samples will be collected from the patient for laboratory examinations, including haemoglobin, white blood cells (WBC), platelet, urea, creatinine, albumin, and indoxyl sulfate. Patients will also be asked to complete two questionnaires: the Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire to assess the symptoms of constipation and the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire to assess constipation-related quality of life. After this, patients will be randomized into one of the two study arms. The data will serve as baseline data.
Patients will receive 2 capsules containing either synbiotics or placebo per day for the next 30 days. Afterwards, the patients will undergo examination to evaluate food recall and side effects. After evaluation, the patients will once again receive 2 capsules containing either synbiotics or placebo per day for the next 30 days, and after a total 2 months of interventions, will undergo examinations similar to that done in baseline examination.
The primary outcome of this study is the concentration of indoxyl sulfate in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Secondary outcomes include the symptoms of constipation and constipation-related quality of life in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis.
This study will be done according to the principles detailed in Helsinki declaration, Guideline for Good Clinical Practice from ICH Tripartite Guideline (ICH-GCP), and had been approved by the Ethical Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Indonesia University.
Study Type
Enrollment (Anticipated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Aida Lydia, MD, PhD
- Phone Number: +62 812-102-8939
- Email: draidalydia@gmail.com
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Tities Indra, MD
- Phone Number: +62 8111-288-300
- Email: drtities@gmail.com
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Aged more than 18 years old
- Had undergone hemodialysis twice a week for a minimum of 3 months, with each visit lasting 5 hours
- Had only undergone hemodialysis therapy (not peritoneal dialysis/kidney transplantation)
- No history of malignancy or undergoing chemotherapy/radiation therapy
- No history of autoimmune disease or consuming immunosuppressants
- No history of bowel resection
- Had never been diagnosed with Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients whose hemodialysis schedule was changed from twice a week to three times a week
- Patients consuming prebiotics/probiotics/synbiotics within the past 3 weeks
- Patients experiencing infection or is consuming antibiotics
- Patients who are not willing to participate
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Triple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Synbiotic Arm
Patients receiving synbiotics: Lactobacillus acidophilus & Bifidobacterium longum 5x10^9 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) and Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) 60 mg, 2 capsules/day for 60 days
|
Patients will undergo baseline examination including medical history and physical examination, blood samples will be collected for hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, urea, creatinine, albumin and indoxyl sulfate level.
Patients will be asked to complete 2 questionnaires the PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL questionnaires, and will undergo food recall evaluations by a nutritionist.
They will then be given 2 capsules of synbiotics per day for 30 days.
After 1 month of intervention, the patients will be evaluated for food recall and side effects.
Afterwards, the patients will receive 2 capsules of the same synbiotics per day for the next 30 days.
After 2 months of intervention, the patients' history will be taken, they will be asked to complete the PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL questionnaires, undergo food recall examination, and side effects evaluation.
Blood samples will be taken for indoxyl sulfate examination.
|
Placebo Comparator: Placebo Arm
Patients receiving placebo capsules containing saccharum lactis (2 capsules/day for 60 days)
|
Patients will undergo baseline examination including medical history and physical examination, blood samples will be collected for hemoglobin, WBC, platelet, urea, creatinine, albumin and indoxyl sulfate level.
Patients will be asked to complete 2 questionnaires the PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL questionnaires, and will undergo food recall evaluations by a nutritionist.
They will then be given 2 capsules of placebo per day for 30 days.
After 1 month of intervention, the patients will be evaluated for food recall and side effects.
Afterwards, the patients will receive 2 capsules of the same placebo per day for the next 30 days.
After 2 months of intervention, the patients' history will be taken, they will be asked to complete the PAC-SYM and PAC-QOL questionnaires, undergo food recall examination, and side effects evaluation.
Blood samples will be taken for indoxyl sulfate examination.
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Indoxyl Sulfate concentration
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Concentration of indoxyl sulfates in the subjects' blood samples
|
Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Symptoms of constipation
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Constipation-related symptoms as assessed using Patient Assessment of Constipation Symptoms (PAC-SYM) questionnaire.
Score will be assessed at the start and at the end of the study.
Symptoms will be considered improved if there is a reduction of total score by 1 or more point(s).
|
Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Constipation-related quality of life
Time Frame: Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Constipation-related quality of life as assessed using Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (PAC-QOL) questionnaire.
Score will be assessed at the start and at the end of the study.
Quality of life will be considered improved if there is a reduction of total score by 1 or more point(s).
|
Through study completion, an average of 60 days
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Aida Lydia, MD, PhD, Indonesia University
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Ramezani A, Massy ZA, Meijers B, Evenepoel P, Vanholder R, Raj DS. Role of the Gut Microbiome in Uremia: A Potential Therapeutic Target. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016 Mar;67(3):483-98. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2015.09.027. Epub 2015 Nov 15.
- Rossi M, Klein K, Johnson DW, Campbell KL. Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics: do they have a role in reducing uremic toxins? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nephrol. 2012;2012:673631. doi: 10.1155/2012/673631. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
- Claro LM, Moreno-Amaral AN, Gadotti AC, Dolenga CJ, Nakao LS, Azevedo MLV, de Noronha L, Olandoski M, de Moraes TP, Stinghen AEM, Pecoits-Filho R. The Impact of Uremic Toxicity Induced Inflammatory Response on the Cardiovascular Burden in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel). 2018 Sep 23;10(10):384. doi: 10.3390/toxins10100384.
- Said S, Hernandez GT. The link between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. J Nephropathol. 2014 Jul;3(3):99-104. doi: 10.12860/jnp.2014.19. Epub 2014 Jul 1.
- Hill NR, Fatoba ST, Oke JL, Hirst JA, O'Callaghan CA, Lasserson DS, Hobbs FD. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One. 2016 Jul 6;11(7):e0158765. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158765. eCollection 2016.
- Hasan M, Sutradhar I, Gupta RD, Sarker M. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in South Asia: a systematic review. BMC Nephrol. 2018 Oct 23;19(1):291. doi: 10.1186/s12882-018-1072-5.
- Khan YH, Mallhi TH, Sarriff A, Khan AH, Tanveer N. Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Asia: A Systematic Review of Population-Based Studies. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2018 Dec;28(12):960-966. doi: 10.29271/jcpsp.2018.12.960.
- Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V, Neal B, Patrice HM, Okpechi I, Zhao MH, Lv J, Garg AX, Knight J, Rodgers A, Gallagher M, Kotwal S, Cass A, Perkovic V. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet. 2015 May 16;385(9981):1975-82. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61601-9. Epub 2015 Mar 13.
- Liu M, Li XC, Lu L, Cao Y, Sun RR, Chen S, Zhang PY. Cardiovascular disease and its relationship with chronic kidney disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014 Oct;18(19):2918-26.
- Tong J, Liu M, Li H, Luo Z, Zhong X, Huang J, Liu R, He F, Fu J. Mortality and Associated Risk Factors in Dialysis Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2016;41(4):479-87. doi: 10.1159/000443449. Epub 2016 Jul 20.
- Kendrick J, Chonchol MB. Nontraditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2008 Dec;4(12):672-81. doi: 10.1038/ncpneph0954. Epub 2008 Sep 30.
- Allon M. Evidence-based cardiology in hemodialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013 Dec;24(12):1934-43. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2013060632. Epub 2013 Oct 17.
- Wong J, Piceno YM, DeSantis TZ, Pahl M, Andersen GL, Vaziri ND. Expansion of urease- and uricase-containing, indole- and p-cresol-forming and contraction of short-chain fatty acid-producing intestinal microbiota in ESRD. Am J Nephrol. 2014;39(3):230-237. doi: 10.1159/000360010. Epub 2014 Mar 8.
- Zuvela J, Trimingham C, Le Leu R, Faull R, Clayton P, Jesudason S, Meade A. Gastrointestinal symptoms in patients receiving dialysis: A systematic review. Nephrology (Carlton). 2018 Aug;23(8):718-727. doi: 10.1111/nep.13243.
- Sumida K, Yamagata K, Kovesdy CP. Constipation in CKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2019 Nov 13;5(2):121-134. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.11.002. eCollection 2020 Feb.
- Zhang J, Huang C, Li Y, Chen J, Shen F, Yao Q, Qian J, Bao B, Yao X. Health-related quality of life in dialysis patients with constipation: a cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013 Jun 18;7:589-94. doi: 10.2147/PPA.S45471. Print 2013.
- Poesen R, Evenepoel P, de Loor H, Delcour JA, Courtin CM, Kuypers D, Augustijns P, Verbeke K, Meijers B. The Influence of Prebiotic Arabinoxylan Oligosaccharides on Microbiota Derived Uremic Retention Solutes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 21;11(4):e0153893. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153893. eCollection 2016.
- Nakabayashi I, Nakamura M, Kawakami K, Ohta T, Kato I, Uchida K, Yoshida M. Effects of synbiotic treatment on serum level of p-cresol in haemodialysis patients: a preliminary study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011 Mar;26(3):1094-8. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfq624. Epub 2010 Oct 7.
- Natarajan R, Pechenyak B, Vyas U, Ranganathan P, Weinberg A, Liang P, Mallappallil MC, Norin AJ, Friedman EA, Saggi SJ. Randomized controlled trial of strain-specific probiotic formulation (Renadyl) in dialysis patients. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:568571. doi: 10.1155/2014/568571. Epub 2014 Jul 24.
- Hyun HS, Paik KH, Cho HY. p-Cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate in pediatric patients on chronic dialysis. Korean J Pediatr. 2013 Apr;56(4):159-64. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2013.56.4.159. Epub 2013 Apr 22.
- Meijers BK, De Preter V, Verbeke K, Vanrenterghem Y, Evenepoel P. p-Cresyl sulfate serum concentrations in haemodialysis patients are reduced by the prebiotic oligofructose-enriched inulin. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010 Jan;25(1):219-24. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfp414. Epub 2009 Aug 19.
- Ramos CI, Armani RG, Canziani MEF, Dalboni MA, Dolenga CJR, Nakao LS, Campbell KL, Cuppari L. Effect of prebiotic (fructooligosaccharide) on uremic toxins of chronic kidney disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2019 Nov 1;34(11):1876-1884. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfy171.
- Hida M, Aiba Y, Sawamura S, Suzuki N, Satoh T, Koga Y. Inhibition of the accumulation of uremic toxins in the blood and their precursors in the feces after oral administration of Lebenin, a lactic acid bacteria preparation, to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis. Nephron. 1996;74(2):349-55. doi: 10.1159/000189334.
- Takayama F, Taki K, Niwa T. Bifidobacterium in gastro-resistant seamless capsule reduces serum levels of indoxyl sulfate in patients on hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003 Mar;41(3 Suppl 1):S142-5. doi: 10.1053/ajkd.2003.50104.
- Taki K, Takayama F, Niwa T. Beneficial effects of Bifidobacteria in a gastroresistant seamless capsule on hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients. J Ren Nutr. 2005 Jan;15(1):77-80. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2004.09.028.
- Sirich TL, Plummer NS, Gardner CD, Hostetter TH, Meyer TW. Effect of increasing dietary fiber on plasma levels of colon-derived solutes in hemodialysis patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Sep 5;9(9):1603-10. doi: 10.2215/CJN.00490114. Epub 2014 Aug 21.
- Esgalhado M , Kemp JA , Azevedo R , Paiva BR , Stockler-Pinto MB , Dolenga CJ , Borges NA , Nakao LS , Mafra D . Could resistant starch supplementation improve inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and uremic toxins levels in hemodialysis patients? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Food Funct. 2018 Dec 13;9(12):6508-6516. doi: 10.1039/c8fo01876f.
- Rossi M, Johnson DW, Morrison M, Pascoe EM, Coombes JS, Forbes JM, Szeto CC, McWhinney BC, Ungerer JP, Campbell KL. Synbiotics Easing Renal Failure by Improving Gut Microbiology (SYNERGY): A Randomized Trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016 Feb 5;11(2):223-31. doi: 10.2215/CJN.05240515. Epub 2016 Jan 15.
- Borges NA, Carmo FL, Stockler-Pinto MB, de Brito JS, Dolenga CJ, Ferreira DC, Nakao LS, Rosado A, Fouque D, Mafra D. Probiotic Supplementation in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial. J Ren Nutr. 2018 Jan;28(1):28-36. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2017.06.010. Epub 2017 Sep 6.
- Lydia A, Indra TA, Rizka A, Abdullah M. The effects of synbiotics on indoxyl sulphate level, constipation, and quality of life associated with constipation in chronic haemodialysis patients: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Nephrol. 2022 Jul 22;23(1):259. doi: 10.1186/s12882-022-02890-9.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Anticipated)
Primary Completion (Anticipated)
Study Completion (Anticipated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- 20-07-0796
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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