GDM and Its Consequences in Mothers and Offsprings (GDMCMO)

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Consequences in Mothers and Offsprings

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common disorders which occured during pregnancy. GDM is not only associated with short-term maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, but also related to a wide range of long-term consequences for both mother and child. The GDM and Its Consequences for mothers and offsprings (GDMCMO) aims to establish a cohort to follow both maternal and offsprings'short-term and long-term outcomes, including fetal malformations including congenital heart diseases, birth weight, preterm birth, caesarean section delivery, body growth and neurodevelopment after birth, obesity, type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion, lung health and allergic diseases later in life for offspring, as well as future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors for mother after delivery. Biological samples including blood and tissue samples of mothers and children are also collected during pregnancy and after delivery.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Childhood Obesity; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus; Pregnancy Outcome; Neurodevelopment; Immune Development; Host and Microbiome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other

Detailed Description

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common disorders which occured during pregnancy. GDM is not only associated with short-term maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, but also related to a wide range of long-term consequences for both mother and child. Although maternal hyperglycemia often become normal shortly after pregnancy, women with GDM have crucially increased risk of development of type 2 diabetes later in life and the mechanisms are not fully understand. Systematic follow-up of the outcomes related to GDM would be ideal to observe the nature progression of GDM to diabetes and could help to develop preventable targets for intervention. The risks of obesity, the metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes in offspring of mothers with GDM significantly increased 1-7 folds than those whose mothers didn't have GDM. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms behind the impaired metabolic risk profile and other diseases in offspring are unknown, but environmental changes including epigenetic changes induced by exposure to maternal hyperglycaemia and genetic factors may play essential roles. The GDM and Its Consequences for mothers and offsprings (GDMCMO) aims to establish a cohort to follow both maternal and offsprings'short-term and long-term outcomes, including fetal malformations including congenital heart diseases, birth weight, preterm birth, caesarean section delivery, body growth and neurodevelopment after birth, obesity, type 2 diabetes and impaired insulin sensitivity and secretion, lung health and allergic diseases later in life for offspring, as well as future type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors for mother after delivery. Biological samples including blood and tissue samples of mothers and children are also collected during pregnancy and after delivery. We also aim to identify the high-risk population of mother-child pairs who are more likely to develop these adverse consequences, which might help to improve precise intervention and resource saving and provide evidence for preventable targets development.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 7000

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Songying Shen, MSc; Phone Number: 0086 20 38367159
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Xiu Qiu, MD,PhD; Phone Number: 0086 20 38367160; Email: qxiu0161@163.com

Study Locations

• China
  • Guangdong
    • Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, 510623
      • Recruiting
      • Guangzhou Women And Children's Medical Center
      • Contact: Songying Shen, MSc; Phone Number: 0086 20 38367159
      • Contact: Qiu Qiu, MD,PhD; Phone Number: 0086 20 38367160; Email: qxiu0161@163.com

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and their offsrpings

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus
2. Pregnant women intended to eventually deliver in Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center
3. Permanent residents or families intended to remain in Guangzhou with their child for no less than 3 years

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women with pre-gestational diabetes mellitus
2. Women with chronic hypertension or kidney disease

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change of obesity status during childhood and adolescence	Weight in kilograms and height in meters were measured by nurses in clinic using standard tools. Weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2. Childhood obesity is defined as a BMI equal to or larger than the 95th percentile for age by sex based on WHO Child Growth Standards.	At age of 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, 6 years, 12 years and 18 year

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of participants with adverse pregnancy outcomes	Including abortion, stillbirth, live birth, macrosomia, preterm birth, low birth weight, caesarean section delivery, and birth defects.	At delivery
Change of type 2 diabetes status in mothers	Assessed by testing concentrations of maternal blood glucose.	At 1 year, 3 years , 6 years, 12 years and 18 year after delivery
Change of body composition of mothers	Assessed body composition using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.	At 42 days, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years , 6 years, 12 years and 18 year after delivery
Change of depression symptom of mothers	Using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale to assess maternal depression. Higher score is considered more depressive.	At 1 year, 3 years , 6 years, 12 years and 18 year after delivery
Change of neurodevelopment at early childhood	Assessed by Gesell Developmental Schedules and Ages&Stages Questionnaires which include adaptive, gross motor, fine motor, language, and social function domains. Higher intelligence quotient score in each domain is considered a better outcome. Intelligence quotient of Gesell Developmental Schedules being less than 86 or intelligence quotient of Ages&Stages Questionnaires being no more than -2SD under the mean is defined as suspected development retardation.	age of 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 3 years.
Change of lung function during childhood and adolescence	Zrs, R5, R20, X5, X20, Fres assessed by impulse oscillometry	At age of 6 years, 12 years and 18 years.
Change of Allergic diseases status during childhood and adolescence	Eczema, allergic rhinitis, wheeze, and asthma diagnosed by the doctors or assessed by the standardized questionnaires	At age of 1 year, 3 years, 6 years, 12 years and 18 years.
Change of type 2 diabetes during childhood and adolescence	Assessed by testing concentrations of children's blood glucose.	At age of 6 years, 12 years and 18 years.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Xiu Qiu, MD,PhD, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, China

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Qiu X, Lu JH, He JR, Lam KH, Shen SY, Guo Y, Kuang YS, Yuan MY, Qiu L, Chen NN, Lu MS, Li WD, Xing YF, Zhou FJ, Bartington S, Cheng KK, Xia HM. The Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS). Eur J Epidemiol. 2017 Apr;32(4):337-346. doi: 10.1007/s10654-017-0239-x. Epub 2017 Mar 20.
• Shen S, Lu J, Zhang L, He J, Li W, Chen N, Wen X, Xiao W, Yuan M, Qiu L, Cheng KK, Xia H, Mol BWJ, Qiu X. Single Fasting Plasma Glucose Versus 75-g Oral Glucose-Tolerance Test in Prediction of Adverse Perinatal Outcomes: A Cohort Study. EBioMedicine. 2017 Feb;16:284-291. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.025. Epub 2017 Jan 18.
• Shen SY, Zhang LF, He JR, Lu JH, Chen NN, Xiao WQ, Yuan MY, Xia HM, Lam KBH, Qiu X. Association Between Maternal Hyperglycemia and Composite Maternal-Birth Outcomes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018 Dec 11;9:755. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00755. eCollection 2018.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2038
• Study Completion (Estimated): December 31, 2038

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 20, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 24, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 28, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): September 13, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 11, 2023
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Hyperglycaemia; Children; Cohort; Maternal health
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Overnutrition; Nutrition Disorders; Overweight; Body Weight; Pregnancy Complications; Obesity; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Urogenital Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Pediatric Obesity; Diabetes, Gestational
• Other Study ID Numbers: 201943701; 81803251 (Other Grant/Funding Number: National Natural Science Foundation of China)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No