Pathogenesis of Pediatric Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Pathophysiologic Mechanisms Leading to Intrahepatic Fat Accumulation in Obese Youth

The main aim of the study is to discover the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of NAFLD in obese youth.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: NAFLD
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Usual diet and physical activity

Detailed Description

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common hepatic disease in pediatrics, affecting about 30% of obese youth. The term NAFLD defines a wide spectrum of disease severity ranging from simple intrahepatic fat accumulation without liver injury (steatosis) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis.

A 20-year retrospective study has shown that subjects who develop NAFLD during their youth have about 13 times higher mortality rate for end-stage liver disease than healthy subjects of similar age and gender. NAFLD is highly prevalent among Hispanic youth, while non-Hispanic Black (NHB) youth are protected against intrahepatic fat accumulation even in the presence of severe obesity and insulin resistance. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying these differences could shed new light on the mechanisms leading to NAFLD in obese youth.

Preliminary data suggest that Hispanic and NHB obese youth might have a different ability to metabolize carbohydrates (CHO) through glycolysis, with Hispanics showing higher glycolysis than NHB. Therefore, Hispanics might experience a higher rated tricyclic acid cycle (TCA) and hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL).

In the present study, the investigators aim to address the following questions:

1. Is the different susceptibility between Hispanics and NHB in developing NAFLD due to a higher capability of Hispanics to metabolize CHO through glycolysis, TCA cycle and DNL?
2. Do these metabolic changes anticipate the onset of the disease in Hispanic youth?
3. Are the higher rates of glycolysis, TCA and DNL driven by high but not pathologic changes in glucose levels over time?

To address these aims, the investigators plan to recruit 30 Hispanics and 30 NHB obese youth and to measure glycolysis by using a new method to assess lactate kinetics and to determine the TCA cycle and DNL by using 13C-Propionate and D2O.

The investigators will also assess glycolysis and intrahepatic fat content in a group of 200Hispanic obese youth without fatty liver at baseline every 12 months for two years to determine whether higher glycolytic rates precede intrahepatic fat accumulation. To assess whether metabolic changes in glycolysis are driven by higher but not-pathologic glucose levels, the investigators will measure glucose changes over ten days every six months by using a continuous glucose monitoring system. If successful, these studies will provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of pediatric NAFLD and will open new avenues to test novel therapeutic approaches.

Study was paused in 2022 and reopened recruitment in November 2023.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 260

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Jessica Lat; Email: jessica.lat@yale.edu
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Zhongyao Li; Email: zhongyao.li@yale.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06510
      • Recruiting
      • Yale New Haven Hospital
      • Contact: Jessica Lat; Email: jessica.lat@yale.edu
      • Contact: Zhongyao Li; Email: zhongyao.li@yale.edu
      • Principal Investigator: Nicola Santoro, MD, PhD

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 12 years to 18 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Probability Sample

Study Population

Hispanics and NHB youth with and without NAFLD

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Good general health, taking no medication on a chronic basis;
• age 12 to 18 years, in puberty (girls and boys: Tanner stage II-V);
• BMI >85th for obese cohort;

Exclusion Criteria:

• Baseline creatinine >1.0 mg; pregnancy;
• the presence of endocrinopathies (e.g. Cushing syndrome);
• cardiac or pulmonary or other significant chronic illness;
• adolescents with a psychiatric disorder or with substance abuse;
• monogenic obesity syndromes;
• use of drugs affecting intrahepatic fat content (e.g.; liraglutide, fish oil, etc.).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lactate synthesis	lactate synthesis will be measured during an oral glucose tolerance test by measuring lactate. Synthetic rates will be measured by using a mathematical model.	60 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yale University
• Collaborators: National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nicola Santoro, MD, PhD, Associate Professor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 28, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 30, 2026
• Study Completion (Estimated): January 30, 2026

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 17, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 17, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): November 18, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 16, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 13, 2024
• Last Verified: February 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Liver Diseases; Fatty Liver; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2000028731; R01MD015974 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No