Soccer Training and Influence of Protein and Carbohydrate Ingestion on Health (SPC)

Influence of Protein and Carbohydrate Ingestion on Health Related Adaptations to Recreational Soccer - a Randomized Controlled Trial

The aim of the study was to examine the adaptive response to recreational soccer, conducted as small-sided games, and the effect of supplementing with either protein or carbohydrate after each training session in 10 weeks.

One hundred fifty one middle-aged women and men were randomized into a group ingesting protein or carbohydrate beverages immediately after recreational soccer and prior to bedtime on training days or a control group maintained their normal activities. Training was performed 2.1 times per week for 10 weeks.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Healthy
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Protein and carbohydrate

Detailed Description

We hypothesized that recreational soccer training followed by protein supplementation would have superior beneficial effects on body composition and health compared to recreational soccer training followed by carbohydrate supplementation. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of ingesting beverages rich in either protein or carbohydrate during a 10-week recreational soccer training period on the adaptive response of lean body mass (primary outcome parameter), fat mass, bone mass density, fitness and health related blood markers in untrained women and men.

Three-hundred-twenty-nine middle-aged men and women were enrolled. One-hundred-fifty-one meet the inclusion criteria and were randomized to two soccer training groups with supplementation of either protein enriched (PG) or carbohydrate enriched (CG) beverages. Prior to the intervention period forty-four of these subjects (18 women and 26 men) completed testing before and after a 10-week period (CON).

The study was a double-blinded experiment. All subjects in the training groups were offered three training sessions per week. Average attendance were 2.1 sessions per week in both PG and CG. Each session lasted around 1 h and was initiated with low to moderate intensity warming for 10 min followed by small-sided (4v4 up to 7v7) soccer matches with a duration of five min separated by 1-2 min of recovery. The subjects in PG and CG ingested a drink of 250 ml immediately after completion of training sessions and again in the evening before bedtime. Subjects in PG ingested per serving a protein enriched milk-based beverage containing in total 750 KJ, 21.0 g protein (milk protein), 15.0 g carbohydrate, 4.5 g fat. Subjects in CG ingested per serving an isocaloric carbohydrate-rich beverage containing in total 750 KJ, 0 g protein, 0 g fat and 49.2 g carbohydrate (2:1 ratio of maltodextrin: fructose). Before the intervention, the participants completed a weighed dietary record on three consecutive days, including one weekend day. During week five or six in INT, a weighed dietary record was performed on four consecutive days including one weekend day and at least one training day.

Before and after INT, the subjects carried out a performance test battery consisting of a standing long jump, an agility t-test and the Yo-Yo intermittent endurance test level 1 (Yo-Yo IE1) on a grass field. Prior to testing, the subjects refrained from severe physical activity for at least 48 h.

Within five days before and after the start of INT, the subjects arrived to the laboratory after an overnight fasting. Fasting blood samples were drawn from the antecubital vein and analysed for marker of health such as blood glucose and cholesterol. Body composition, including lean body mass (LBM), total fat mass (FM), regional fat mass, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD), was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 151
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Denmark
  • Copenhagen, Denmark, 2200
    • University of Copenhagen

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 25 years to 55 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• age between 25-55 years
• less than two hours of physical training per week over the last two years before entering the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• biking for transportation more than 40 km/week
• diagnosed with severe diseases
• medical treatment with a documented effect on body composition
• abuse of alcohol/drugs
• pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Soccer and protein supplementation; Soccer training and post exercise supplementation of protein enriched beverage	Dietary supplement: Protein and carbohydrate; Intake of 2 x 250 ml of either protein (750 KJ, 21.0 g protein (milk protein), 15.0 g carbohydrate, 4.5 g fat ) or carbohydrate ( 750 KJ, 0 g protein, 0 g fat and 49.2 g carbohydrate (2:1 ratio of maltodextrin: fructose)); Other Names: Arla Foods Amba, Viby Denmark and Maxim Sports Drink, Orkla Health A/S, Ishøj Denmark
Experimental: Soccer and carbohydrate supplementation; Soccer training and post exercise supplementation of carbohydrate enriched beverage	Dietary supplement: Protein and carbohydrate; Intake of 2 x 250 ml of either protein (750 KJ, 21.0 g protein (milk protein), 15.0 g carbohydrate, 4.5 g fat ) or carbohydrate ( 750 KJ, 0 g protein, 0 g fat and 49.2 g carbohydrate (2:1 ratio of maltodextrin: fructose)); Other Names: Arla Foods Amba, Viby Denmark and Maxim Sports Drink, Orkla Health A/S, Ishøj Denmark
No Intervention: Control group; A preliminary control group continueing normal lifestyle

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Lean body mass	Kg	10 weeks

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bone density	g/cm2	10 weeks
Body fat percentage	% body weight	10 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Copenhagen
• Collaborators: University of Aarhus
• Investigators: Study Chair: Jens Bangsbo, Dr. Sci, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 21, 2016
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 25, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): November 25, 2016

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: February 3, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): February 8, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): February 8, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 3, 2021
• Last Verified: February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Other Study ID Numbers: Soccer and health

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No