Effect of Microbial Protease Supplementation on Postprandial Amino Acid Levels

Effect of Microbial Protease Supplementation on Postprandial Amino Acid Levels in Healthy Adults

Dietary protein is digested in the stomach and intestines to smaller peptides and 20 individual amino acids which, when absorbed by the gut into circulation and taken up by skeletal muscle, help stimulate muscle protein synthesis (MPS). Amino acids also provide the building blocks for muscle proteins that contribute to lean mass gains and increased strength following resistance exercise. Therefore, strategies to efficiently maximize amino acid exposure without overconsumption are warranted.

Oral enzyme supplementation is a candidate approach to optimize amino acid absorption from dietary protein and protein supplements. Microbial proteases, approved for dietary supplement use, can theoretically speed up the conversion of protein and peptides to amino acids. Protease supplements have been marketed to promote muscle strength by optimizing amino acid absorption, however the clinical evidence is limited. This work will support that ingestion of protease supplements with a meal can allow individuals to more efficiently increase amino acid levels from a given amount of dietary protein.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Protein Metabolism
• Intervention / Treatment: Dietary supplement: Protease + Protein; Dietary supplement: Placebo + Protein

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801
      • Freer Hall; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 20 years to 50 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Aged between 20 - 50 years
• Body mass index = 18.0-29.9 kg∙m-2

Exclusion Criteria:

• Age outside of range (20 - 50 y)
• Pregnancy
• Subject states they regularly consume probiotic supplements and are unwilling to stop at least one week prior to screening and throughout the study (Supplemental probiotics may include standalone probiotic supplements, vitamins with probiotics, and any foods supplemented with probiotics)
• Subject states they regularly consume supplemental enzymes and are unwilling to stop at least one week prior to screening and throughout the study (Supplemental enzymes may include standalone enzyme supplements, probiotic supplements with enzymes, and any medications containing enzymes)
• Abnormality or obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract precluding swallowing (e.g. dysphagia) and digestion (e.g., known intestinal malabsorption, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, chronic pancreatitis, steatorrhea)
• Diabetes (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL)
• Active malignant disease, except basal or squamous cell skin carcinoma or carcinoma in situ of the uterine cervix
• Liver failure (decompensated chronic liver disease)
• History of a significant cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction, heart failure, or stroke) ≤ 3 months prior to the screening visit
• Subject reports having undergone major surgery less than 6 weeks prior to enrollment in the study, or subject has planned inpatient surgery requiring 2 or more days of hospitalization during the entire study
• Currently being prescribed (by primary care physician or other health professional) medication or using an over the counter product that in the opinion of the study physician will have an effect on food digestion or nutrient absorption during the study (e.g., prescription orlistat [Xenical], over the counter orlistat [Alli])
• Alcohol intake an average of 3 or more servings per day (a serving defined as 4 oz wine, 12 oz beer, 1 oz spirits)
• Subject is deemed unsuitable for study based upon study physician assessment
• Irregular menstrual cycles
• Participation in other ongoing research that interferes with this study (e.g., conflicting diet, activity interventions, etc.)
• Any hospitalization or surgery for a metabolic, cardiovascular, or neuromusculoskeletal complication within the past year
• Allergy or hypersensitivity to latex or adhesives (bandages, medical tape, etc.)
• Chronic or frequent dizziness/fainting, and arm or leg weakness/numbness
• Mental Illness
• Hepatorenal, cardiovascular musculoskeletal, autoimmune, or neurological disease or disorder
• Consumption of thyroid, androgenic, or other medications known to affect endocrine function
• Consumption of medications known to affect protein metabolism (e.g., prescription-strength corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, or acne medication)
• Unwillingness to comply with study procedures
• Weight unstable (variation >5% of bodyweight in last 6 months)
• Current or previous tobacco or marijuana use within the last 6 months

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Microbial Protease Supplement; A microbial protease supplement (31,875 Hemoglobin Unit Tyrosine base (HUT); protease activity) is taken with a 25g pea protein beverage. The test article will be provided in 250mg capsule form. Capsules will be opened and mixed into protein shake 5 minutes before ingestion.	Dietary supplement: Protease + Protein; Participant will consume a microbial protease supplement (31,875 Hemoglobin Unit Tyrosine base (HUT); protease activity) combined with a pea protein beverage (25 g pea protein; Roquette Nutralys® S85F)
Placebo Comparator: Placebo (Maltodextrin); The placebo (maltodextrin) article will be provided in 250mg capsule form. Capsules will be opened and mixed into 25g pea protein shake 5 minutes before ingestion.	Dietary supplement: Placebo + Protein; Participant will consume a placebo supplement (250 mg maltodextrin) combined with a pea protein beverage (25 g pea protein; Roquette Nutralys® S85F)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Total plasma branched chain amino acid(BCAA) area under the curve(AUC)	Five-hour area under the curve plasma levels of total BCAA following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Free leucine, isoleucine, and valine (combined)	Five-hours postprandial
Plasma BCAA time-to-peak	Time to peak plasma levels of total BCAA following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Total of free leucine, isoleucine, and valine (combined)	Five-hours postprandial
Plasma BCAA C(MAX)	C(MAX) plasma levels of total BCAA levels following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Total of free leucine, isoleucine, and valine (combined)	Five-hours postprandial

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma essential amino acid (EAA) AUC	Five-hour area under the curve plasma levels of total EAA following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Free leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan	Five-hours postprandial
Plasma Leucine AUC	Five-hour area under the curve plasma levels of total EAA following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Free leucine	Five-hours postprandial
Plasma Total amino acid (AA) AUC	Five-hour area under the curve plasma levels of total AA following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline Free leucine, isoleucine, valine, histidine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, arginine, glutamine, glycine, alanine, serine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, asparagine, tyrosine, cysteine, proline	Five-hours postprandial
Plasma Insulin AUC	Five-hour AUC plasma insulin following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline	Five-hours postprandial
Postprandial appetite, hunger, desire-to-eat	Visual analog scale questionnaires designed to assess appetite, hunger, desire to eat, administered hourly. Scales from 0 - 100mm. Higher scores indicate higher appetite, hunger or desire to eat.	Five-hours postprandial
Gastrointestinal comfort	Questionnaire (Y/N questions) to determine presence/absence of gastrointestinal discomfort, pain, bloating, and nausea.	Five-hours postprandial

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Plasma Glucose AUC	<safety outcome> Five-hour AUC plasma glucose following a protein shake tolerance test, change from baseline	Five-hours postprandial

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
• Collaborators: BIO-CAT, Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 30, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): September 3, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): September 3, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 22, 2021
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 26, 2021
• First Posted (Actual): March 29, 2021

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): October 4, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 1, 2021
• Last Verified: February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Protein; Postprandial; Leucine; Branched Chain Amino Acids; Amino Acids
• Other Study ID Numbers: 21545

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No