Effect of Metformin on ABCB1 and AMPK Expression in Adolescents With Newly Diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

April 6, 2022 updated by: Daniel Ortiz Morales, Hospital General de Mexico

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is the most frequent cancer in children and adolescents. Some genes have been described to produce drug resistance, as ABCB1 probably by lack of activation of AMPK. Some manuscripts have shown that metformin has antitumoral activity, mainly by activation of AMPK.

This is an experimental one center trial, that pretend analyze the effect of metformin at a dose of 1000mgm2 per day, on the expression of the ABCB1 and AMPK genes, when is added to conventional induction remission chemotherapy in newly diagnosed adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is the most frequent cancer in children and adolescents. By now, chemotherapy agent combination achieves remission in more than 90% of patients. But, adolescents have an adverse prognosis compared with children.

The multiple drug resistant genes are well known the cause resistance in different cancers, most important of these genes are the ABCB gene family, specially ABCB1. This resistance is also reported in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Also changes in AMPK (adenosine triphosphate) gene expression is related to antitumor effects within the cell.

Metformin, a biguanide, has demonstrated that decrease the intracellular ATP levels by AMPK activation, and the blockade of the glycoprotein P, product of the ABCB1 gene. Many reports had described the effect of metformin on different cancer types. In adults, the use of metformin has demonstrated to be useful improving the overall and event free survival, related to low ABCB1/MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1) expression and high AMPK expression.

The investigators propose if the metformin has any effect on ABCB1/MDR1 and AMPK during remission induction phase in adolescents with newly diagnosed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

Hypothesis: If metformin is added to standard chemotherapy during the remission induction in Mexican adolescents with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia, so the mRNA (messenger ribonucleid acid) expression levels of the ABCB1 gene will decrease and the AMPK gene expression will increase at the end of remission induction.

This study pretends to evaluate the effect of the addition of metformin to a standard chemotherapy regimen in the modification of the expression of the ABCB1 and AMPK genes during the remission induction of newly diagnosed adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Also to describe the expression levels of ABCB1 and AMPK of healthy adolescents and those diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Compare the expression level of those genes at diagnosis and at the end of remission induction; and to compare the global and event free survival based on the initial expression of those genes, and the use of metformin.

The investigators proposed an randomized open clinical trial to compare the modification of the expression of the ABCB1 and AMPK genes in adolescents with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients receiving conventional chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy plus metformin 1000 mgm2SC per day during the remission induction phase of the treatment.

All patients with new acute lymphoblastic leukemia between 10 and 21 years old are invited to participate, with informed consent authorized. The exclusion criteria includes patients with previous use of steroids or other chemotherapy, and patients with Down syndrome.

The investigators pretend to enroll 10 patients for each group. After the morphological and cytometry diagnosis confirmation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the adolescents are invited to participate with informed consent signed by the patients and legally authorized representative.

The samples are obtain from mononuclear cells from peripheral blood, the total RNA (Ribonuceid acid) are obtain by TRIzol ® (Invitrogen(R) Life Technologies). The integrity and purity of the nucleic acid are determined by spectrophotometry. The RNA is frozen at -80ºC until needed. The DNAc (complementary desoxyribonucelic acid) synthesis is made from 2micrograms of RNA, oligonucleotides, dNTPs, buffer, MgCl2, KCl (potassium chloride), and DTT (dithiothreitol) are added to obtain a final volume of 20micrograms. The mix is incubated at 37ºC for 2 minutes and 1microliter of inverse transcriptase, and incubated for 50 minutes at 37ºC. The qRT-PCR (quantitative Real time-plymerase chain reaction) of the genes is made using the genic expression assay TaqMan®. The expression levels are calculated using the 2-delta-delta-Ct method.

The Remission induction chemotherapy includes a steroid pre-phase of 7 days of prednisone 60 mgm2SCD. The proper remission induction phase consist in prednisone 60 mgm2 daily from day 0 to 28; Vincristine 1.5mgm2 on days 0, 7, 14 and 21; Doxorubicin 25mgm2 on days 0, 7, 21; L-asparaginase 10, 000 Um2 on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Etoposide 300mgm2 and cytarabine 300mgm2 on days 22, 25 and 29. Intrathecal chemotherapy is administered on days 0, 7, 14 and 21. After the remission induction scheme, bone marrow aspiration is performed to evaluate morphology, if less of 5% of lymphoid blast are reported, the patients continue with consolidation phase with high dose methotrexate and 6 mercaptopurine, and after that the maintenance phase until the end of the protocol.

The intermediate variables are the peripheral blast count on day 0, morphology examination of bone marrow on days 14 and at the end of induction and end of induction MRD (minimal residual disease).

Metformin will be administered to the experimental group by randomization at a dose of 1000mgm2 per day, with maximum dose of 850mg three times a day, from day -7 to the end of the remission induction period. The procurement of the peripheral blood samples for determination of the expression od the genes ABCB1 and AMPK will be made on day -7 and at the end of the remission induction. Follow up of the patient will be done to calculate the global and event free survival.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

20

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

10 years to 21 years (ADULT, CHILD)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Newly diagnosed adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia by morphology analysis in bine marrow
  • Adolescents between 10 and 21 years old
  • Participants with the informed consent signed by themselves and the parents or legally authorized representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Participants with previous use of any antineoplastic drug
  • Down syndrome patients

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: NONE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
NO_INTERVENTION: Control group
This subjets will receive conventional chemotherapy alone. The Remission induction chemotherapy includes a steroid pre-phase of 7 days of prednisone 60mgm2SCD. The proper remission induction phase consist in prednisone 60mgm2 daily from day 0 to 28; Vincristine 1.5mgm2 on days 0, 7, 14 and 21; Doxorubicin 25mgm2 on days 0, 7, 21; L-asparaginase 10, 000 Um2 on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Etoposide 300mgm2 and cytarabine 300mgm2 on days 22, 25 and 29. Intrathecal chemotherapy is administered on days 0, 7, 14 and 21.
EXPERIMENTAL: Interventional group

This group will receive conventional chemotherapy plus metformin 1000mgm2 per day, with maximum dose of 850mg three times a day, from day -7 to the end of the remission induction period.

The Remission induction chemotherapy includes a steroid pre-phase of 7 days of prednisone 60mgm2SCD. The proper remission induction phase consist in prednisone 60mgm2 daily from day 0 to 28; Vincristine 1.5mgm2 on days 0, 7, 14 and 21; Doxorubicin 25mgm2 on days 0, 7, 21; L-asparaginase 10, 000 Um2 on days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12. Etoposide 300mgm2 and cytarabine 300mgm2 on days 22, 25 and 29. Intrathecal chemotherapy is administered on days 0, 7, 14 and 21.
Drug: Metformin
Metformin will be administered orally to the experimental group by randomization at a dose of 1000mgm2 per day, with maximum dose of 850mg three times a day, from day -7 to the end of the remission induction period.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Decrease of ABCB1 gene expression
Time Frame: The assessment of ABCB1 gene expression will be made at diagnosis (day -7) and at the end of remission induction phase on day +33
During the trial ABCB1 gene expression is measure by rt-PCR in mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, at at the beginning of treatment and end of the remission induction
The assessment of ABCB1 gene expression will be made at diagnosis (day -7) and at the end of remission induction phase on day +33
Increase of AMPK gene expression
Time Frame: The assessment of AMPK gene expression will be made at diagnosis (day -7) and at the end of remission induction phase on day +33
During the trial AMPK gene expression is measure by rt-PCR in mononuclear cells in peripheral blood, at athe beginning and end of the remission induction.
The assessment of AMPK gene expression will be made at diagnosis (day -7) and at the end of remission induction phase on day +33

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Overall survival
Time Frame: From randomization and initiation of the treatment until the date of death from any cause, assessed up to 2 years
The probability of being alive after the randomization of the subjects. Is going to be measure by Kaplan Meir method, and compare between the expression of ABCB1 and AMPK genes, and the use of metformin with the log rank statistics.
From randomization and initiation of the treatment until the date of death from any cause, assessed up to 2 years
Event free survival
Time Frame: From randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed upt to 2 years
The probability of being alive without relapse after randomization of the participants. Will be assess by Kaplan Meir statistics, and compare with log rank.
From randomization until the date of first documented progression or date of death from any cause, whichever came first, assessed upt to 2 years

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Hospital General de Mexico

Investigators

  • Study Chair: Adolfo Martinez Tovar, PhD, Hospital General de Mexico

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

February 9, 2021

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

December 1, 2023

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

December 1, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 15, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 6, 2022

First Posted (ACTUAL)

April 14, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

April 14, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 6, 2022

Last Verified

April 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • DI/21/505/03/10

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

IPD Plan Description

The data is going to be coded, and the relation between data and code are only known by the researches and the IRB (institutional review board).

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

Clinical Trials on Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Clinical Trials on Metformin

Search Similar Trials

Sponsors and Collaborators

Medical Conditions

Drug Interventions

CROs by country

CROs in Bangladesh

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

Sponsor/Collaborators

Locations

3
Subscribe