MusicHyperBrain Study With Preterm Infants and Their Parents

Inter-personal Brain Coupling Between Preterm Infants, Their Parents and a Musician During Creative Music Therapy Using Functional Near-infrared Imaging (fNIRI) Hyperscanning

Inter-personal brain coupling between preterm infants, their parents and a musician during Creative Music Therapy using functional near-infrared imaging (fNIRI) hyperscanning and systemic physiology measurements

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Pre-Term
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Creative Music Therapy

Detailed Description

Background Preterm infants represent a growing population in health care. Unfortunately, many infants suffer from neurodevelopmental impairments that persist into adolescence and adulthood. Besides other risk factors, auditory deprivation (e.g., the lack of exposure to regular intrauterine rhythms of the maternal heartbeat and the maternal voice), and the overwhelming stressful auditory environment of an intensive care unit may negatively impact brain maturation. Studies showed that infant-parent separation can impede the bidirectional development of physical, emotional, and psychological bonds between parents and their infants. Brain development is linked to nurturing social contact and early auditory experience, as demonstrated by human and animal studies. New studies showed, music is promoting neurobiological processes and neuronal learning in the human brain, which starts before birth.

Rationale Creative Music Therapy (CMT) provides meaningful interactions and a nurturing enrichment of the auditory environment by infant-directed singing in lullaby-style. Positive short-term music therapy outcomes (i.e., arousal, behavior, respiratory rate, maternal anxiety) have been shown in several reviews. Preliminary results of a recent pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) suggest that functional brain connectivity as measured by resting-state functional magnet resonance imaging seems to have a possible early beneficial effect of CMT which manifests in (1) lower thalamo-cortical processing delay, (2) stronger functional networks, and (3) higher functional integration in predominantly left prefrontal, supplementary motor and inferior temporal brain regions. Depressive symptoms may be decreased and physical connectedness increased between infants and their parents with CMT. However, real time evaluation of CMT's possible immediate effect on the brain activity in infants and inter-personal synchronization processes between parents and infants have not been conducted yet.

The primary objective is to explore if CMT:

Improves inter-personal interaction between the infant, the parent (i.e. the mother or father) and the music therapist assessed via cerebral oxygenation synchronization between the infant and parent as well as the infant and the music therapist in the left auditory cortex and frontal cortex.

The secondary objectives are to explore if CMT:

• synchronizes inter-personal emotional/ stress responses between infant, parents (and music therapist)
• improves/ regulates brain activity in the infants' left auditory cortex and frontal cortex (evidenced by less fluctuations of cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation)
• reduces stress in the infants
• reduces stress in the parents (mother or father)

Additionally, we aim to explore the parental perspective of CMT and their study participation.

Primary endpoint*:

Inter-personal synchronization of cerebral oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration in the brain between the infant and the parent as well as the infant and the music therapist measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging with a commercially available device approves for clinical applications (OxyPrem) in the left auditory and prefrontal cortex

Major secondary endpoints*:

• Inter-personal synchronization/ coupling of systemic physiology (emotional/ stress responses) in the infant and the parent as well as in the infant and the music therapist measured by systemic physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), electrodermal activity (EDA), heart rate variability (HRV), respiration rate (RR))
• Cerebral oxygenation activation/ regulation in the infant measured by fNIRS neuroimaging with OxyPrem in the left auditory and prefrontal cortex
• Stress level in the infants measured by systemic parameters (HR, EDA, HRV)
• Stress level in the parents measured by systemic parameters (EDA, HRV)

• Parental perspective of CMT and study participation

  • 15 minutes before CMT (5 minutes without kangaroo/ 10 minutes in kangaroo), 20 minutes during kangaroo with CMT, and 10 minutes after CMT (10 minutes in kangaroo/ without kangaroo)/ first session of CMT during neonatal intensive care hospitalization in the second/third week after the preterm infant's birth

Intervention:

Once/second time 20 minutes CMT: entrained infant-directed live lullaby singing, accompanied with the vibro-acoustic monochord provided by the music therapist for infant and parents in kangaroo care as described in the published clinical practice protocol.

N= 20 infant-parent couples (effect size: 1.4; significance level: 0.05; power: 0.8)

Study duration:

• Preparatory phase (months): 3 months
• First patient to last patient in/recruitment/ intervention phase: 12 months
• analysis: 2 months
• Preparation publication: 3 months Duration of the entire trial (preparatory phase + study phase): 18 months

Statistical considerations:

Brain-to-brain coupling will be determined by coherence analysis based on the fNIRS signals measured. The time-dependent coherence changes will be analyzed statistically in order to see stat. significant changes during the task compared to the baseline. Synchronization of systemic physiological signals will be determined with the same approach. Statistical analysis will be performed with ANOVA and generalized additive models (GMAs).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 20
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Friederike Haslbeck, PhD; Phone Number: +41 78 708 1862; Email: friederike.haslbeck@usz.ch
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Felix Scholkmann, PD, PhD; Phone Number: +41 44 255 53 45; Email: felix.scholkmann@usz.ch

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Zürich, Switzerland, 8091
    • Recruiting
    • University Hospital Zurich
    • Contact: Friederike B Haslbeck, PhD; Phone Number: +41 78 708 1862; Email: friederike.haslbeck@usz.ch
    • Contact: Dirk Bassler, Prof.; Phone Number: +41 44 2551111; Email: dirk.bassler@usz.ch

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 7 months to 8 months (Child)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinically stable preterm infants (no invasive cardiovascular or ventilation support)
• age: 7-21 days of life
• born with 32 0/7 ≤ 36 6/7 weeks of gestation
• mentally stable parents of the included infants

Exclusion Criteria:

• admission for palliative care
• congenital malformation
• parental psychiatric disorders
• parental language barriers

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Creative Music Therapy; 20 minutes of infant-directed singing in lullaby-style accompanied with the monochord for preterm infant and parent during kangaroo-care	Other: Creative Music Therapy; Creative Music Therapy is provided during kangaroo-care. It is an individualized, family- centered approach offering infant-directed humming and singing accompanied with the monochord.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Inter-personal synchronization of cerebral oxygenation and hemoglobin concentration	Inter-personal synchronization (determined by the time-dependent coherence calculated via Wavelet transform coherence) of cerebral oxygenation (StO2 in %) and total hemoglobin concentration ([tHb] in relative µM) time-series in the brain between the infant and the parent as well as the infant and the music therapist measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging with a commercially available device approves for clinical applications (OxyPrem) in the left auditory and prefrontal cortex. Both devices provide similar measurements of cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics, i.e. relative changes in the concentration of oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb] in relative µM) and deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb] in relative µM). These time-series will be first pre-processed (removal of artifacts, band-pass filtered (0.01-0.5 Hz)) and then analyzed (Wavelet coherence and subsequent statistical analysis via a generalized additive model and Bayesian analysis).	50 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Zurich
• Investigators: Study Director: Dirk Bassler, Prof., University Hospital Zurich, Department Neonatology

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): November 3, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): December 31, 2023
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 31, 2023

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: April 19, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 19, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): May 20, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 12, 2023
• Last Verified: May 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: music therapy; preterm infants; HRV; NIRS; synchronization; preterm parents; hyperscanning; oxyPrem
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pregnancy Complications; Obstetric Labor Complications; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Premature Birth
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2021-02414

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No