Design of a Genetic Score to Predict the Response to a Dietary Intervention in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of this study is to evaluate whether a genetic score based on genetic variants related to amino acid metabolism could predict the response to a dietary intervention in adults with metabolic syndrome.

Study Overview

• Status: Active, not recruiting
• Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: ATP III dietary intervention

Detailed Description

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) results from the interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are within the genetic factors. Various SNPs influence amino acid metabolism, and therefore their plasma concentrations. For example, the presence of SNPs such as rs10211524 (SLC1A4), rs9637599 (PPM1K), rs7406661 (ASGR), rs4788815 (TAT), rs199999090, rs11548193 (BCAT2), and rs45500792 (BCKDH), among others, have been related to alterations in the plasma concentration of amino acids. High plasma concentration of amino acids, specifically of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), have a positive association with the presence of different risk factors for MetS including waist circumference, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, glucose concentration and insulin resistance (IR). Moreover, subjects with MetS have a plasma BCAA concentration of up to 34% higher than subjects without MetS.

In the other hand, dietary interventions are among the environmental factors that can prevent MetS. For example, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) in the United States recommends a low saturated fat diet (LSFD) to reduce LDL cholesterol. Although, this recommendation has been suggested to attenuate some of the metabolic abnormalities in individuals with MetS, there is no biological marker that can identify individuals who will respond to a LSFD. Notably, the presence of SNPs could help to identify those individuals. The clinical effects exhibited by SNPs when analyzed individually are generally small. For this reason, it has been sought to evaluate the contributory effects of multiple SNPs by means of a genetic score. The construction of a genetic score could capture the complex relationship between MetS, genetics, and dietary interventions, providing us with a greater understanding of the biochemical and metabolic alterations and responses to available treatments. Furthermore, a genetic score could have a therapeutic value in predicting the response to a dietary intervention in subjects with risk factors for MetS. Predicting the response to a dietary intervention may help implement individualized diets based on the genetic predisposition and clinical characteristics of each individual, showing beneficial effects on anthropometric, clinical and biochemical markers. Likewise, implementing dietary interventions for preventive purposes for complex diseases could minimize public health expenditures.

Adults will be invited to participate through advertising distributed in the City of San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Those interested in participating will be given a short telephone interview to verify that they meet the selection criteria. Then, an appointment will be scheduled to go to the Faculty of Chemical Sciences of the Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí (UASLP). During this visit, participants will be informed of the characteristics of the study, the risks and the benefits expected after the dietary intervention. Those who accept to participate will sign the consent letter. Then a clinical a nutritional assessment will be performed. A blood sample and blood pressure will be taken by a specialist. Anthropometric and body composition measurements will be made. An history of food consumption frequency will be obtained by a nutritionist. The physical activity questionnaire will be carried out (IPAQ long version). The patient will be advised not to change the level of habitual physical activity. Participants will be then assigned a diet for two months following the indications of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) program. The follow-up of the diet will be evaluated by telephone by a nutritionist who will carry out 24-hour reminder questionnaires randomly every 15 days to each participant. After the first visit, participants will start consuming the diet corresponding to their group. The different menus will be delivered and explained to them. A food guide will be given so that they have food exchange options. Patients will be taught to fill the feed log and will be cited in two months.

During the second visit, the investigators will collect a 24-hour dietary record, food logs and the investigators will perform a second clinical and nutritional assessment, including the determination of anthropometric measurements such as weight, waist circumference and body composition, whole blood sample and blood pressure will be taken. The physical activity questionnaire will be carried out (IPAQ long version). Finally, participants will be scheduled within fifteen days for delivery of results and to explain the actions that will be carried out at the end of the study to maintain the continuity of the treatment.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 100
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Mexico
  • Mexico City, Mexico, 14080
    • Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran.

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults (men and women) between the ages of 18 and 60.
• Adults mexican mestizos (parents and grandparents born in Mexico).
• Adults who can read and write.
• Adults willing/able to provide informed consent.
• Adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 30 and ≤ 39 kg / m2).
• Adults with at least one of the metabolic syndrome diagnostic criteria:

Waist circumference: men > 102 cm or women > 88 cm. Hypertriglyceridemia >150 mg/dL High fasting glucose >100 mg/dL High blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg Low HDL-cholesterol: men <40 mg/dL and women < 50 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria:

• Adults with any type of diabetes.
• Adults with hypertension.
• Adults with kidney disease diagnosed by a medical or with creatinine> 1.3 mg / dL for men and > 1.1 mg / dL for women and / or blood urea nitrogen (BUN)> 20 mg / dL.
• Adults with acquired diseases that produce obesity and diabetes secondarily.
• Adults who have suffered a cardiovascular event.
• Adults with weight loss > 3 kg in the last 3 months.
• Adults with any catabolic diseases such as cancer and/or AIDS.
• Gravidity status
• Adults who smoke
• Adults in treatment with any medication

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Dietary Intervention; Participants will be assigned a diet for two months following the indications of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III program.	Other: ATP III dietary intervention; The dietary intervention will consist of an approximate decrease of 500 kcal from the calories participants habitually consume, with the following macronutrient distribution 15-20% protein, 50-60% carbohydrates, 25-35% fat. Participants will receive recipes with menus for two weeks.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in waist circumference	Change in waist circumference before and after the dietary intervention (cm)	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum glucose	The concentration of serum glucose will be determined by an autoanalyzer before and after the intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum HDL cholesterol	The concentration of serum HDL-cholesterol will be determined by an autoanalyzer before and after the intervention (mg/dL)	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum triglycerides	The concentration of serum triglycerides will be determined by an autoanalyzer before and after the intervention (mg/dL)	Baseline to 2-month
Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure	The blood pressure will be determined before and after the intervention (mmHg)	Baseline to 2-month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Change in the serum amino acid profile	The concentration of the amino acid profile will be determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change in body composition	Change in the percentage of fat mass, lean mass and skeletal muscle mass before and after the dietary intervention.	Baseline to 2-month
Change in body weight	The change in body weight before and after the dietary intervention.	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum insulin	The concentration of insulin will be determined by ELISA before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum leptin	The concentration of leptin will be determined by ELISA before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum glucagon	The concentration of glucagon will be determined by ELISA before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change in serum adiponectin	The concentration of adiponectin will be determined by ELISA before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change of insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) index	The HOMA index will be calculated as follows: glucose (mg / dl) x insulin (mUI / ml) / 405 before and after the dietary intervention	Baseline to 2-month
Change of Body mass index	The body mass index will be calculated before an after the dietary intervention.	Baseline to 2-month

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
• Collaborators: Universidad Autonoma de San Luis Potosí

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Serralde-Zuniga AE, Guevara-Cruz M, Tovar AR, Herrera-Hernandez MF, Noriega LG, Granados O, Torres N. Omental adipose tissue gene expression, gene variants, branched-chain amino acids, and their relationship with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in humans. Genes Nutr. 2014 Nov;9(6):431. doi: 10.1007/s12263-014-0431-5. Epub 2014 Sep 27.
• Wang TJ, Larson MG, Vasan RS, Cheng S, Rhee EP, McCabe E, Lewis GD, Fox CS, Jacques PF, Fernandez C, O'Donnell CJ, Carr SA, Mootha VK, Florez JC, Souza A, Melander O, Clish CB, Gerszten RE. Metabolite profiles and the risk of developing diabetes. Nat Med. 2011 Apr;17(4):448-53. doi: 10.1038/nm.2307. Epub 2011 Mar 20.
• Kettunen J, Tukiainen T, Sarin AP, Ortega-Alonso A, Tikkanen E, Lyytikainen LP, Kangas AJ, Soininen P, Wurtz P, Silander K, Dick DM, Rose RJ, Savolainen MJ, Viikari J, Kahonen M, Lehtimaki T, Pietilainen KH, Inouye M, McCarthy MI, Jula A, Eriksson J, Raitakari OT, Salomaa V, Kaprio J, Jarvelin MR, Peltonen L, Perola M, Freimer NB, Ala-Korpela M, Palotie A, Ripatti S. Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci influencing human serum metabolite levels. Nat Genet. 2012 Jan 29;44(3):269-76. doi: 10.1038/ng.1073.
• Mahendran Y, Jonsson A, Have CT, Allin KH, Witte DR, Jorgensen ME, Grarup N, Pedersen O, Kilpelainen TO, Hansen T. Genetic evidence of a causal effect of insulin resistance on branched-chain amino acid levels. Diabetologia. 2017 May;60(5):873-878. doi: 10.1007/s00125-017-4222-6. Epub 2017 Feb 10.
• Teslovich TM, Kim DS, Yin X, Stancakova A, Jackson AU, Wielscher M, Naj A, Perry JRB, Huyghe JR, Stringham HM, Davis JP, Raulerson CK, Welch RP, Fuchsberger C, Locke AE, Sim X, Chines PS, Narisu N, Kangas AJ, Soininen P; Genetics of Obesity-Related Liver Disease Consortium (GOLD), The Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), The DIAbetes Genetics Replication And Meta-analysis (DIAGRAM); Ala-Korpela M, Gudnason V, Musani SK, Jarvelin MR, Schellenberg GD, Speliotes EK, Kuusisto J, Collins FS, Boehnke M, Laakso M, Mohlke KL. Identification of seven novel loci associated with amino acid levels using single-variant and gene-based tests in 8545 Finnish men from the METSIM study. Hum Mol Genet. 2018 May 1;27(9):1664-1674. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddy067.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 2, 2021
• Primary Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2024
• Study Completion (Estimated): April 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 8, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 8, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): August 10, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 8, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 7, 2024
• Last Verified: September 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Genetic score; Amino acids metabolism; ATPIII
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Disease; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: FNU-3813-21-22-1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No