Impact of Coffeeberry Extract on Skill Performance During Simulated Match Play in Academy Football Players

This study of soccer skill performance has three objectives:

1. Compare effects of coffeeberry (300mg) and placebo ingestion on dribbling speed and precision, passing speed and accuracy, and sprint speed during a full simulated soccer match.
2. Compare effects of coffeeberry (300mg) and placebo ingestion on subjective measures (mental / physical energy and activation-deactivation (feelings or mood) during a full simulated soccer match.
3. Compare effects of coffeeberry (300mg) and placebo ingestion on chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine metabolites in the blood 1-hour post ingestion, and other blood metabolites (glucose/lactate) throughout the simulated soccer match.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Skill Performance; Soccer Performance; Coffeeberry Effects
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Beverage

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 15
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United Kingdom
  • Scotland
    • Stirling, Scotland, United Kingdom, FK9 4LA
      • U. Stirling, Health Science and Sport

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 28 years (Child, Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Provide valid informed consent prior to any study procedure
• Male soccer players age 16 to 28 years.
• >= 5-year soccer playing experience
• >= 1-year regularly soccer training
• Free of injuries
• Willing to avoid alcohol in the 48-h period prior to all visits
• Willing to avoid caffeinated products and apples, berries/cherries for 24-h prior to all visits
• Willing to record food intake over the 48-h period prior to the first trial and replicate for second trial
• Willing to abstain from strenuous physical activity for 24-h before all visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• Smoking
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Diabetes or other metabolic disease • Hypertension (>140/>90 mm Hg)
• Presence of injuries
• Major illnesses or surgery in prior 90 days
• Participation in another clinical trial in the past month

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Coffeeberry beverage; 300 ml drink containing 300 mg coffeeberry extract	Other: Beverage; Free from added carbohydrates (contain 1g CHO only) and electrolytes are absent.
Placebo Comparator: Color and flavor matched beverage; 300 ml drink (0 mg coffeeberry extract, 0 mg caffeine)	Other: Beverage; Free from added carbohydrates (contain 1g CHO only) and electrolytes are absent.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Dribbling speed	m/sec, increase would be better. Simulated soccer match in an indoor gym with pre-set targets.	Change from pre-dose baseline through end of match 3.5 hours post consumption at multiple intervals each half of match
Dribbling precision	Meters, more accuracy would be better. Simulated soccer match in an indoor gym with pre-set targets.	Change from pre-dose baseline through end of match 3.5 hours post consumption at multiple intervals each half of match
Passing accuracy	1 to 10 scale, a higher score would be better. Simulated soccer match in an indoor gym with pre-set targets.	Change from pre-dose baseline through end of match 3.5 hours post consumption at multiple intervals each half of match.
Passing speed	km/h, increased passing speed would be better. Simulated soccer match in an indoor gym with pre-set targets.	Change from pre-dose baseline through end of match 3.5 hours post consumption at multiple intervals each half of match
Sprint speed.	m/sec, increased sprint speed would be better. In indoor gym with marked course.	Change from pre-dose baseline through end of match 3.5 hours post consumption at multiple intervals each half of match

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Blood analyte: Chlorogenic acid (CGA)	mmol/L to evaluate primary outcomes. n.a. for placebo. Capillary blood draw for frozen plasma analysis	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Blood analyte: Caffeine metabolites	ug/ml, to evaluate primary outcomes. n.a. for placebo. Capillary blood draw for frozen plasma analysis	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Blood analyte: Glucose	mmol/L, more regulated would be better. Capillary blood draw for frozen plasma analysis	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Blood analyte: Lactate	mmol/L, lower (delayed rise) would be better. Capillary blood draw for frozen plasma analysis	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Mental energy	Visual Analog Scale (VAS), vertical marking on 100 mm horizontal line. Higher energy would be better	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Physical energy	Visual Analog Scale (VAS), vertical marking on 100 mm horizontal line. Higher energy would be better	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Gut comfort	Visual Analog Scale (VAS), vertical marking on 100 mm horizontal line. No or less nausea, fullness or bloating would be better	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)
Heart rate	By electronic reading. Lower would be better.	Continuous from pre-dose baseline through end of match (3.5 hours)
Hydration status	Urine osmolality in mOsm/kg change in concentration pre- vs. post-exercise	Pre-dose baseline and end of match (3.5 hours)
Rating of perceived exertion (RPE)	By Borg scale, rated 6 to 20, very very light to very very hard. Lower values would be better	Half-time and end of match (3.5 hours)
Activation-deactivation (feelings or mood)	Checklist of 20 feelings using a 4 point scale from definitely do feel to definitely don't feel. More relaxed feelings or in a better mood would be better.	Pre-dose baseline, 60 minutes post-dose, half-time, and end of match (3.5 hours)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: PepsiCo Global R&D
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Stuart Galloway, PhD, U. Stirling, Scotland

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 30, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 4, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): December 4, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 13, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 13, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): September 21, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 16, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 15, 2023
• Last Verified: March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: exercise; caffeine; soccer; polyphenols; performance; football; coffeeberry; chlorogenic acid; skill
• Other Study ID Numbers: PEP-2114

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No