The Effect of Ylang Ylang Oil and Lemon Oil (Aromatherapy)

The Effect of Ylang Ylang Oil and Lemon Oil Inhalation on Active Phase Labor Pain and Anxiety in Primiparous Pregnant Women

This study was conducted as a randomized controlled experimental study.To evaluate the effects of aromatherapy, one of the non-pharmacological pain methods, on labor pain and anxiety in the active phase in primiparous pregnant women.

The main questions it aims to answer are:

Is ylang ylang oil applied as an inhaler effective in reducing labor pain and anxiety? Is lemon oil applied as an inhaler effective in reducing labor pain and anxiety? Participants randomized according to the closed envelope method into the lemon oil group (n=15), ylang ylang oil group (n=15) and control group (n=15). In the active phase (cervical dilatation ≥5), a drop of essential oil was instilled onto square cotton balls to the intervention groups and renewed as one drop every hour until labor occurred. In the control group, 1 drop of saline was dripped onto square cotton balls. Visual pain scale (VAS) and state anxiety ınventory were applied to the intervention groups and control groups before the application. After the application, VAS and state anxiety ınventory were evaluated at 5-7 cm dilatation, and only with VAS at 8-10 cm dilatation. The trait anxiety ınventory was administered to the volunteers after birth.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Anxiety; Aromatherapy; Pain, Labor
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: essential oils (Ylang ylang oil); Other: essential oils (lemon oil); Other: placebo (saline solutions)

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 45
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Turkey
  • Ankara, Turkey
    • Etlik Zübeyde Hanim Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years to 33 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Female

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Term pregnancy (37-41 weeks)
• Pregnant women between the ages of 18-35
• had singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation of the fetus
• Not allergic to ylang ylang oil, flower/lemon or oil or anything
• Absence of any pregnancy complications
• No previous miscarriage, no abortion
• Not having any diagnosed systemic disease
• ≥ 5 cm (cm) (active phase) cervical dilatation
• Pregnant women who do not take any analgesia, anesthesia or anxiolytic drugs
• Spontaneous onset of labor
• Pregnant women who can speak and write Turkish well
• Pregnant woman's consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency cesarean section indication
• Use of analgesic, anesthetic and anxiolytic drugs by the pregnant woman
• The pregnant woman's desire to withdraw from the study

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Factorial Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: group 1 (Ylang ylang oil); A square cotton ball impregnated with a drop of ylang-ylang oil was placed in the participants randomized to group I (cervical dilatation ≥ 5) with the help of safety pins of pregnant women. One hour after the intervention (in the range of 5-7 cm cervical dilatation), pain levels were measured again with the VAS and anxiety levels were measured with the State Anxiety Scale. The essential oil was renewed as 1 drop every hour until the birth of the baby. When cervical dilatation was in the range of 8-10 cm, pain level was re-evaluated only with VAS. Spielberger Continuity Anxiety Scale was applied with face-to-face interview technique within 4-24 hours following the birth.	Other: essential oils (Ylang ylang oil); inhaler aromatherapy
Experimental: group 2 (Lemon oil); A square cotton ball impregnated with a drop of lemon oil was placed in the participants randomized to group 2 (cervical dilatation ≥ 5) with the help of safety pins of pregnant women. One hour after the intervention (in the range of 5-7 cm cervical dilatation), pain levels were measured again with the VAS and anxiety levels were measured with the State Anxiety Scale. The essential oil was renewed as 1 drop every hour until the birth of the baby. When cervical dilatation was in the range of 8-10 cm, pain level was re-evaluated only with VAS. Spielberger Continuity Anxiety Scale was applied with face-to-face interview technique within 4-24 hours following the birth.	Other: essential oils (lemon oil); inhaler aromatherapy
Placebo Comparator: group 3 (Control); A square cotton ball impregnated with a drop of salin was placed in the participants randomized to group I (cervical dilatation ≥ 5) with the help of safety pins of pregnant women. One hour after the intervention (in the range of 5-7 cm cervical dilatation), pain levels were measured again with the VAS and anxiety levels were measured with the State Anxiety Scale. The essential oil was renewed as 1 drop every hour until the birth of the baby. When cervical dilatation was in the range of 8-10 cm, pain level was re-evaluated only with VAS. Spielberger Continuity Anxiety Scale was applied with face-to-face interview technique within 4-24 hours following the birth.	Other: placebo (saline solutions); placebo saline solutions

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
paın score	Determination of pain score before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with visual pain score (0=no pain, 10=worst pain)	pre-intervention
paın score	Determination of pain score before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with visual pain score (0=no pain, 10=worst pain)	Between contractions within 1 hour after the intervention in the cervical dilatation range of 5-7 cm
paın score	Determination of pain score before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with visual pain score (0=no pain, 10=worst pain)	Between contractions in about 3-4 hours after the intervention in the 8-10 cm cervical dilatation range
anxiety level	Determination of anxiety level before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with STAI From TX-I and TX-II (State-Trait Anxiety Tests) (The highest possible score is 80 and the lowest possible score is 20)	pre-intervention
anxiety level	Determination of anxiety level before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with STAI From TX-I and TX-II (State-Trait Anxiety Tests) (The highest possible score is 80 and the lowest possible score is 20)	Between contractions within 1 hour after the intervention in the cervical dilatation range of 5-7 cm
anxiety level	Determination of anxiety level before and after essential oil (lemon oil and ylang ylang oil) and saline inhalation with STAI From TX-I and TX-II (State-Trait Anxiety Tests) (The highest possible score is 80 and the lowest possible score is 20)	postpartum 4-24 hours

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
apgar score	Apgar stands for "Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration." In the test, five things are used to check a baby's health. (0-10 point)	postnatal 5. minute
apgar score	Apgar stands for "Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration." In the test, five things are used to check a baby's health. (0-10 point)	postnatal 10. minute

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Özlem Çağan
• Investigators: Study Director: ÖZLEM ÇAĞAN, ASSİST.PROF., Eskisehir Osmangazi University; Study Director: SEVGİ KOÇ, PROF. DR., ETLİK ZÜBEYDE HANIM GYN DISEASES TRAINING AND RESEARCH HOSPITAL

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kaviani M, Maghbool S, Azima S, Tabaei MH. Comparison of the effect of aromatherapy with Jasminum officinale and Salvia officinale on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014 Nov;19(6):666-72.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): June 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 30, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): November 30, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 11, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 10, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): December 20, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): December 20, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 10, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: aromatherapy; labor pain; primiparous; lemon oil; ylang ylang oil
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Labor Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: Cagan01

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No