Pulmonary Hypertension in Left Heart Disease

Comparison of Noninvasively-Obtained Echocardiographic Doppler Parameters With Simultaneously-Measured Invasive Hemodynamics in Patients Referred for Right Heart Catheterization

The goal is to compare patients with and without varying severity of pulmonary vascular disease based upon hemodynamic signatures, echocardiographic measures, and lung ultrasound, in tandem with expired gas metabolic testing and blood sampling.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Pulmonary Hypertension; Pulmonary Vascular Disease; Left Heart Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE); Diagnostic test: Lung ultrasound

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Estimated): 3000

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Barry Borlaug, MD; Phone Number: (507) 255-4152; Email: Borlaug.Barry@mayo.edu
• Study Contact Backup: Name: Circulatory Failure Research Team; Phone Number: (507) 255-2200; Email: Fuenffinger.Annabelle@mayo.edu

Study Locations

• United States
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic in Rochester
      • Principal Investigator: Barry Borlaug, MD
      • Contact: Circulatory Failure Research Team; Phone Number: (507) 255-2200
      • Contact: Barry Borlaug, MD; Phone Number: (507) 255-4152; Email: Borlaug.Barry@mayo.edu

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Patients with known or suspected Left Heart Disease (LHD) that are already referred for invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization for clinical reasons at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN will be identified and approached for participation.

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients referred to the cardiac catheterization laboratory for invasive right heart catheterization for any reason.

• Left Heart Disease, defined as one (or more) of the following:

  • Symptomatic HFpEF, defined by signs and symptoms of HF (dyspnea, fatigue), normal left ventricular (LV) EF (≥50% within 12 months of enrollment), and objective evidence of HF fulfilling at least one of the following criteria: Prior hospitalization for decompensated HF treated with intravenous diuretics; Invasively verified HFpEF defined by pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) of ≥15 mmHg at rest and/or ≥25 mmHg during exercise; Clinical diagnosis of HFpEF that does not meet criteria i. or ii. but verified with NTproBNP>300 pg/ml in sinus rhythm or >900 pg/ml in AF; H2FPEF score ≥6 or HFA-PEFF score≥5 according to current guidelines.
  • Symptomatic HFrEF, defined by defined by signs and symptoms of HF (dyspnea, fatigue) and reduced EF (<50%).
  • Symptomatic valvular heart disease (VHD), defined by signs and symptoms of HF (dyspnea, fatigue) in tandem with clinically significant aortic or mitral valve disease (regurgitation and/or stenosis).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient inability or unwillingness to undergo noninvasive echocardiography, or if echocardiography would, in the opinion of the investigator, somehow compromise the quality of data acquisition for the clinical case.
• WSPH Group 1 Pulmonary hypertension or PH (Pulmonary arterial hypertension; including congenital heart disease)
• Group 3 PH (Hypoxia/Lung disease-related PH)
• Group 4 PH (Thromboembolic PH)
• Group 5 PH (Miscellaneous)
• Clinically significant parenchymal lung disease, hypoxemia, or lung infection
• Amyloid/infiltrative cardiomyopathy
• Acute Myocarditis
• Acute coronary syndrome or revascularization within 90 days
• Use of PH-specific drugs
• Constrictive pericarditis
• High output heart failure
• HF hospitalization within the preceding 30 days
• Severe or greater aortic (AVA < 1.0 cm2, Mean Gradient > 40 mmHg) or severe mitral (MVA < 1.0 cm) stenosis
• Inability or unwillingness to exercise
• Inadequate echocardiographic imaging windows
• Inability or unwillingness to cooperate with breath holding

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

4

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
LHD with no PH; Subjects with Left Heart Disease (LHD) and no Pulmonary Hypertension (PH; mean pulmonary artery (PA) pressure ≤20 mmHg) that are already referred for invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization for clinical reasons will undergo transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound.	Diagnostic test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE); Transthoracic echocardiography using ultrasound waves will be conducted during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization to gather additional measurements of right ventricular function.; Diagnostic test: Lung ultrasound; A lung ultrasound, which uses sound waves to produce images of the lungs, will be used to assess extravascular lung fluid during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.
LHD with isolated PVH; Subjects with Left Heart Disease (LHD) and isolated Pulmonary Venous Hypertension (PVH; mean PA pressure>20 mmHg and PVR<3 WU) that are already referred for invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization for clinical reasons will undergo transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound.	Diagnostic test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE); Transthoracic echocardiography using ultrasound waves will be conducted during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization to gather additional measurements of right ventricular function.; Diagnostic test: Lung ultrasound; A lung ultrasound, which uses sound waves to produce images of the lungs, will be used to assess extravascular lung fluid during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.
LHD with vasoactive PVD; Subjects with Left Heart Disease (LHD) and vasoactive Pulmonary Vascular Disease (PVD; mean PA pressure>20 mmHg and PVR≥3 WU with ≥20% reduction in PVR with inhaled nitric oxide) that are already referred for invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization for clinical reasons will undergo transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound.	Diagnostic test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE); Transthoracic echocardiography using ultrasound waves will be conducted during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization to gather additional measurements of right ventricular function.; Diagnostic test: Lung ultrasound; A lung ultrasound, which uses sound waves to produce images of the lungs, will be used to assess extravascular lung fluid during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.
LHD with fixed PVD; Subjects with Left Heart Disease (LHD) and fixed Pulmonary Vascular Disease (PVD; mean PA pressure>20 mmHg, PVR≥3 WU, and PVR reduction of <20% with inhaled nitric oxide) that are already referred for invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization for clinical reasons will undergo transthoracic echocardiography and lung ultrasound.	Diagnostic test: Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE); Transthoracic echocardiography using ultrasound waves will be conducted during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization to gather additional measurements of right ventricular function.; Diagnostic test: Lung ultrasound; A lung ultrasound, which uses sound waves to produce images of the lungs, will be used to assess extravascular lung fluid during the rest and exercise phases of the clinically indicated invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Peak Exercise Cardiac Output	Peak exercise cardiac output (L/min) will be measured using the direct Fick technique during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline
Peak Exercise Oxygen Consumption (VO2)	Peak exercise VO2 (ml/kg/min) will be measured using expired gas analysis collected during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Right Ventricular function assessed by Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion (TAPSE)	TAPSE is measured as the displacement (in mm) of the lateral tricuspid annulus toward the apex during systole measured using transthoracic echocardiography during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline
Right Ventricular function assessed by tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE)/systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PASP) ratio	TAPSE/PASP ratio (mm/mmHg) will be measured using transthoracic echocardiography during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline
Extravascular Lung Fluid Content (B-line score)	Extravascular Lung Fluid Content (B-line score) will be measured using lung ultrasound during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline
Peripheral venous pressure	Peripheral venous pressure will be measured through a standard upper extremity peripheral IV line. Peripheral venous pressure (PVP) is reported in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)	Baseline
Right Arterial Pressure (RA) in the upright position	Right Atrial (RA) pressure will be measured during the invasive hemodynamic assessment by right heart catheterization.	Baseline
Central pressures (RA, PA, and PCWP) in the upright position	The same pressures that are measured in the supine position will be measured in the upright position in a subset of patients. These measures will be obtained at rest and during exercise (for those receiving this).	Baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Mayo Clinic
• Collaborators: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Barry Borlaug, MD, Mayo Clinic

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Mayo Clinic Clinical Trials

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 20, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2028
• Study Completion (Estimated): May 1, 2028

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 29, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): July 7, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 5, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 3, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Vascular Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Lung Diseases; Hypertension; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Diagnosis; Diagnostic Imaging; Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular; Heart Function Tests; Cardiac Imaging Techniques; Ultrasonography; Echocardiography
• Other Study ID Numbers: 17-008263; 1R01HL162828-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No