Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting

Prevalence and Associated Factors of Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting Among Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Surgery in DCSH, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia, 2022

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a surgical complication defined as any nausea, and vomiting with in the first 24-48 hours after surgery in inpatients. Nausea is an unpleasant feeling or desire to vomit without expulsive muscular movement, while vomiting is a forceful expulsion or reflux of the gastric contents through the mouth. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complication associated anesthesia and surgery. It is considered the most common cause of morbidity, and it has significant effects on patient satisfaction. In spite of recent development of anesthesia and surgical techniques, the incidence of PONV remains high. This common anesthetic and surgical side effect has been reported to increase patient dissatisfaction and can be just as distressing to patients as postoperative pain is.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: elective surgery

Detailed Description

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is caused by multiple factors; patient related, anesthesia and surgery related risk factors have been identified. Patient related factors include female gender post-puberty, nonsmoking status, history of PONV or motion sickness, and childhood after infancy and younger adulthood. Use of volatile anesthetics, nitrous oxide, large-dose neostigmine, or intraoperative or postoperative opioids are factors related to anesthesia, while the type of procedures like gynecologic, ophthalmological, ontological, thyroid surgery laparoscopic, abdominal surgery and duration of the procedure are some of surgery related risk factors.

The incidence of PONV for over multiple individual studies conducted around the world, has been estimated to be 25% to 30% and up to 80% in high risk groups. The incidence of PONV is estimated to range from 20%-36%.

Post-operative nausea and vomiting imposes multiple impacts on patients. The main one being a decrease satisfaction, but more importantly it leads to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, aspiration of gastric secretions, esophageal rupture, bleeding, increased morbidity, and delayed discharge from hospital.

The study aimed to assess the incidence and associated factors of post-operative nausea and vomiting, which is believed to be a main contributing factor to dissatisfaction and delayed recovery seen in our country. The study was done from February to April 2022 in patients undergoing elective surgery at Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 677

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Ethiopia
  • Dessie, Ethiopia, 1145
    • Wollo Univeersity

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: N/A

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

All adult, elective patients who underwent elective surgery under anesthesia at the Dessie comprehensive specialized hospital during the study period

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• All adult patients, who underwent elective surgery under anesthesia in the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who didn't gain their consciousness postoperatively, patients who underwent emergency surgery, patients who were re-operated on during the study period, surgical patients medical illness that predispose them to nausea and vomiting, and patients discharged before 24 hours postoperatively

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Number of groups / cohorts

1

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort	Intervention / Treatment
PONV and Non PONV; PONV- patients who developed nausea and vomiting postoperatively Non PONV- patients who did not develop nausea and vomiting postoperatively	Procedure: elective surgery; All elective surgical procedures performed under the study period will be included.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
post-operative nausea and vomiting	Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is defined as any nausea, retching, or vomiting occurring during the first 24-48 h after surgery.	24 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Sara Timerga
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sara Timerga, Wollo University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): February 1, 2022
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 30, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): July 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 23, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 23, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): August 1, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): August 1, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 23, 2023
• Last Verified: July 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Postoperative Complications; Signs and Symptoms, Digestive; Nausea; Vomiting; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
• Other Study ID Numbers: WolloU

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: UNDECIDED
• IPD Plan Description: The plan to share IPD will depend on the requests.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No