Resistance Training and Cardiometabolic Risk

Resistance Training and Cardiometabolic Risk in Women With Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity

Little is known on the effects of resistance training (RT) alone in individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO). The present study aimed to examine the impact of RT on body composition, physical performance, lipid-lipoprotein profile, inflammation, and glucose-insulin homeostasis in 51 sedentary, postmenopausal women categorized as MHO vs MUHO, according to the Karelis and Rabasa- Lhoret classification or a single-phenotype adiposopathy approach (the plasma adiponectin (A)/leptin (L) ratio). Participants followed a 4-month weekly RT program of 3 non-consecutive days of 6 exercises of major muscle groups (3 sets of 10 repetitions at 80% 1-RM).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Metabolic Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Resistance exercise

Detailed Description

Several studies have examined MHO individuals' responses to weight loss interventions. Caloric restriction decreases body weight and body fat, notably visceral fat accumulation, of both MHO and MUHO pre- and postmenopausal women, although changes in MUHO women are usually more important. In addition, while insulin sensitivity of MUHO women increases after a 12-week diet, it is significantly worsened in postmenopausal MHO women. In this regard, previous works have shown discordant data of interventions including physical activity on the cardiometabolic risk and more particularly, insulin sensitivity. Indeed, diet or aerobic training alone or combined aerobic and resistance training (RT), in men and postmenopausal women yielded promising results as insulin sensitivity increased in both MUHO and MHO participants, with greater changes in the MUHO groups. However, the heterogeneity of the population (analysis without considering sex differences) as well as the type and duration (3 to 6 months) of different interventions make it difficult to generalize these results. As an example, insulin sensitivity was improved in MUHO men and women, while it remained unchanged in MHO participants after a 9-month intervention combining diet and exercise. Moreover, a 14-week community-based aerobic exercise program increased participants' cardiorespiratory fitness and reduced the number of metabolic syndrome components of MHO men and women. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has compared yet the impact of a RT program on MUHO and MHO individuals.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 51
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion criteria:

• cessation of menstruation for more than 1 year and a follicle-stimulating hormone level ≥ 30 IU/L
• sedentary for at least 3 months (< 2 h/week of structured exercise)
• non-smokers
• free of known inflammatory diseases
• no use of hormone replacement therapy
• body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2
• low to moderate alcohol consumption (< 2 drinks/day)

Exclusion criteria:

• history of cardiovascular disease
• type 2 diabetes
• orthopedic limitations.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Metabolically healthy obesity (MHO); Healthy/normal metabolic profile	Other: Resistance exercise; After baseline testing, participants followed a progressive resistance training program 3 times a week for 4 months.
Experimental: Metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO); Abnormal metabolic profile	Other: Resistance exercise; After baseline testing, participants followed a progressive resistance training program 3 times a week for 4 months.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Insulin resistance (IR)	Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA)-IR index = insulin (μUI/mL) x glucose (mmol/L)/22.5	Baseline and after 4 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Université du Québec a Montréal
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Antony Karelis, PhD, Université du Québec a Montréal

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 9, 2011
• Study Completion (Actual): June 9, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 12, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 19, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): September 26, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 30, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 27, 2023
• Last Verified: November 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Insulin Resistance; Hyperinsulinism; Metabolic Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: UQAM-SAP

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No