- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT06182553
Effect of ERCC and/or PEEP-ZEEP Maneuver on Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Secretions Removal in MV Patients
Effect of Expiratory Rib Cage Compression and/or PEEP-ZEEP Maneuver on Oxygenation, Ventilation, and Airway Secretions Removal in Mechanically Ventilated Patients
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is crucial in managing respiratory insufficiency. However, prolonged use can cause complications. Various strategies have been explored to optimize patient outcomes.
Patients receiving IMV face multiple challenges in clearing lung secretions, such as inadequate humidification, high oxygen fractions, use of sedatives/analgesics, basal lung disease, and mechanical interference with secretion elimination near the trachea. Airway suctioning may not be sufficient in clearing the airway of mechanically ventilated patients, especially if they are paralyzed or lack a preserved cough reflex. This can lead to secretion retention, which may cause hypoxemia, atelectasis, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and delay weaning from MV. Bronchial hygiene is believed to improve respiratory system compliance by increasing Cdyn and Cst.
Airway clearance techniques are commonly used in the treatment of patients with IMV to improve their pulmonary function through bronchial clearance, expansion of collapsed lung areas, and balancing of the ventilation/perfusion ratio. Physiotherapy methods including postural drainage, manual rib-cage compression (MRC), manual hyperinflation, positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure (PEEP-ZEEP) maneuver, and tracheal suctioning can alleviate atelectasis and improve bronchial hygiene.
Two effective techniques for improving lung function and gas exchange are Expiratory Rib Cage Compression (ERCC) and the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver. ERCC applies external pressure during expiration, and PEEP-ZEEP temporarily reduces Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) to 0 cmH2O, followed by a rapid return to the original PEEP level during expiration. Both techniques help to mobilize and remove airway secretions, ultimately improving lung function and gas exchange.
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Expiratory rib cage compression is a form of chest physiotherapy that involves squeezing the chest with the hands during expiration and releasing it at the end of expiration to aid in the mobilization of lung secretions, facilitate comfortable inspiration, and promote alveolar ventilation. The concept of manual chest compression was first explored in the 1950s, when Opie et al. proposed that local chest compression produces a "toothpaste" effect, which helps to expel the retained material through the bronchus. This phenomenon piqued the interest of other researchers, leading to a better understanding of the functioning of the mucous layer and the development of therapeutic strategies to improve it.
This technique increases forced expiratory volume by 30% and leads to the resting of the expiratory muscles. Most of all, the technique is quite safe, as it has been employed in some patients for more than 3 years with no complications. Therefore, this technique can be used before the patients' endotracheal suctioning interventions, and it is widely used with mechanically ventilated patients to prevent and/or to treat atelectasis. In addition, removing secretion is essential because accumulated secretions intervene in gas exchange and may delay recovery; coughing can be initiated voluntarily or by reflex.
The positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure maneuver considers that by raising PEEP to 15 cmH2O during five cycles, followed by an abrupt reduction of PEEP to 0 cmH2O, gas redistribution occurs through collateral ventilation. Subsequently, small airways are opened, and the adhered mucus is displaced. With the reduction of PEEP, the expiratory flow pattern is modified, causing the secretions located in smaller airways to be transported to the central airways.
While many studies have looked at the effects of rib cage compression (RCC) or the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver individually, there is a need for comparative studies that directly compare these two techniques. Understanding the different effects of these interventions on oxygenation, ventilation, and airway-secretion removal can help critical care nurses (CCNs) choose the most effective strategy for mechanically ventilated patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the effects of RCC and the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver on oxygenation, ventilation, and airway-secretion removal in mechanically ventilated patients. By evaluating these outcomes, we can gain insights into the potential benefits and limitations of each technique, ultimately contributing to the optimization of respiratory support strategies in critically ill patients.
The findings of this study can have important implications for CCN clinical practice as they can inform CCNs about the efficacy and safety of RCC and the PEEP-ZEEP maneuver. Improving oxygenation, ventilation, and airway-secretion removal in mechanically ventilated patients can lead to enhanced patient outcomes, reduced complications, and potentially shorter durations of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stays.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Alaa Mostafa Mohamed, Lecturer
- Phone Number: 01097210526
- Email: alaa.mostafa@nur.dmu.edu.eg
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Mahmoud Adel Hasanain Sherif, Demonstrator
- Phone Number: 01064660098
- Email: mahmoud.sherif@nur.dmu.edu.eg
Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients who are aged ≥18 years.
- Patients who have tracheal intubation and are likely to require MV for ≥72 hours.
- Patients who are hemodynamically stable: Heart rate (HR): ≥ 60 b or ≤100 b/min, mean arterial pressure (MAP) ≥ 90 mmHg, central venous pressure ≥ 3 or ≤ 8 cmH2O.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Patients with pneumothorax, rib fracture, and subcutaneous emphysema.
- Patients with traumatic brain injuries and spinal cord injuries.
- Patients with ARDS who require high PEEP levels (>10 cmH2O).
- Patients admitted with pneumonia.
- Pregnant patients.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Quadruple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Experimental: Group (1) : ERCC Group
- The researcher will implement the ERCC technique for 10 minutes as follows: the researcher will use both hands bilaterally to gradually squeeze the rib cage (on the anterolateral region of the chest at the level of the last six ribs) in conjunction with chest-wall vibration during the expiratory phase of the ventilatory cycle.
From the end of inspiration to the end of expiration, an attempt will be made to compress the rib cage over the region of the lungs that is most affected and the force will be applied every 2 breaths only during the expiration, synchronizing the maneuver rate with the breathing frequency of the subject.
At the end of each expiratory phase, rib-cage compression is interrupted to permit free manual hyperinflation-induced inspiration.
The ERCC technique will be implemented twice per day.
|
Expiratory rib cage compression (ERCC) In this study, ERCC is a technique consisting of bilateral manual compression of the lower rib cage (anterolateral region of the chest at the level of the six last ribs) gradually during the expiratory phase of the ventilatory cycle and release from the compression at the end of the expiration.
|
Experimental: Group (2) : PEEP-ZEEP Group
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PEEP-ZEEP maneuver In this study, PEEP-ZEEP maneuver refers to PEEP which stands for positive end-expiratory pressure, and ZEEP which stands for zero end-expiratory pressure.
In this maneuver PEEP will be incremented to 15 cmH2O throughout five consecutive respiratory cycles, then immediately after the inspiratory phase of the fifth cycle has been ended ZEEP should be done by abruptly reducing PEEP value to 0 cmH2O.
The PEEP-ZEEP maneuver should be performed in two sets, consisting of a total of 10 consecutive breathing cycles.
Subsequently, the patient is ventilated according to his/her baseline ventilator parameters.
|
Experimental: Group (3) : ERCC + PEEP-ZEEP Group
The ERCC technique will be applied as mentioned above, followed by PEEP-ZEEP maneuvers according to the standard steps mentioned before.
Also, the patients will be monitored continuously, and the maneuver will be interrupted if the patients become hemodynamically unstable or develop psychomotor agitation.
|
- The ERCC technique will be applied as mentioned above, then followed by PEEP-ZEEP maneuvers according to the standard steps mentioned before.
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No Intervention: Group (4) : control Group
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
oxygenation
Time Frame: (T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
partial pressure of oxygen tension (PaO2).
(mmHg) Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2).
(100%) PaO2/FiO2 ratio, and oxygenation index (OI).
(mmHg)
|
(T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
ventilation
Time Frame: (T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2).
(mmHg) Tidal volume (Vt).
(ml) Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
(CmH2O) Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP).
(CmH2O) Minute ventilation (Mv).
(L/m) Inspiratory: Expiratory Ratio (I: E ratio).
Friction of inspired Oxygen (FIO2).
(100%) Pressure Support (PS).
(CmH2O) Plateau Pressure (Ppt).
(CmH2O) Oxygen flow rate.
(L/m) Static compliance (Cst) and dynamic compliance (Cdyn).
(L/CmH2O) Respiratory system resistance (Rsr).
(CmH2O/L /Sec) Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI).
(Breath /m/L)
|
(T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
airway-secretion removal
Time Frame: (T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
|
(T0) pre-intervention, (T1) immediately after the intervention, and (T3) up to 30 minutes
|
Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
duration of mechanical ventilation (days)
Time Frame: 5 days
|
effect of ERCC and/or PEEP-ZEEP maneuvers on duration of mechanical ventilation (days)
|
5 days
|
length of ICU stay (days)
Time Frame: from day 1 till discharge
|
effect of ERCC and/or PEEP-ZEEP maneuvers on length of ICU stay (days).
|
from day 1 till discharge
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Sponsor
Investigators
- Study Director: Sahar Younes Othman, ASS-PROF, Damanhour University
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Unoki T, Kawasaki Y, Mizutani T, Fujino Y, Yanagisawa Y, Ishimatsu S, Tamura F, Toyooka H. Effects of expiratory rib-cage compression on oxygenation, ventilation, and airway-secretion removal in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2005 Nov;50(11):1430-7.
- Borges LF, Saraiva MS, Saraiva MAS, Macagnan FE, Kessler A. Expiratory rib cage compression in mechanically ventilated adults: systematic review with meta-analysis. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2017 Jan-Mar;29(1):96-104. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20170014.
- Zhang J, Wang X, Xie J, Shen L, Mo G, Xie L. Effects of THE PEEP-ZEEP Maneuver in Adults Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Heart Lung. 2024 Jan-Feb;63:159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2023.10.010. Epub 2023 Nov 2.
- Amaral BLR, de Figueiredo AB, Lorena DM, Oliveira ACO, Carvalho NC, Volpe MS. Effects of ventilation mode and manual chest compression on flow bias during the positive end- and zero end-expiratory pressure manoeuvre in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised crossover trial. Physiotherapy. 2020 Mar;106:145-153. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.12.007. Epub 2019 Feb 3.
- de Oliveira TF, Peringer VS, Forgiarini Junior LA, Eibel B. PEEP-ZEEP Compared with Bag Squeezing and Chest Compression in Mechanically Ventilated Cardiac Patients: Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Feb 5;20(4):2824. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20042824.
- Herbst-Rodrigues MV, Carvalho VO, Auler JO Jr, Feltrim MI. PEEP-ZEEP technique: cardiorespiratory repercussions in mechanically ventilated patients submitted to a coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011 Sep 13;6:108. doi: 10.1186/1749-8090-6-108.
- Santos FR, Schneider Junior LC, Forgiarini Junior LA, Veronezi J. Effects of manual rib-cage compression versus PEEP-ZEEP maneuver on respiratory system compliance and oxygenation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2009 Jun;21(2):155-61. English, Portuguese.
- Volpe MS, Guimaraes FS, Morais CC. Airway Clearance Techniques for Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Insights for Optimization. Respir Care. 2020 Aug;65(8):1174-1188. doi: 10.4187/respcare.07904.
- Oliveira ACO, Lorena DM, Gomes LC, Amaral BLR, Volpe MS. Effects of manual chest compression on expiratory flow bias during the positive end-expiratory pressure-zero end-expiratory pressure maneuver in patients on mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol. 2019 Mar 11;45(3):e20180058. doi: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20180058.
- Dyhr T, Laursen N, Larsson A. Effects of lung recruitment maneuver and positive end-expiratory pressure on lung volume, respiratory mechanics and alveolar gas mixing in patients ventilated after cardiac surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2002 Jul;46(6):717-25. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2002.460615.x.
- Guimaraes FS, Lopes AJ, Constantino SS, Lima JC, Canuto P, de Menezes SL. Expiratory rib cage Compression in mechanically ventilated subjects: a randomized crossover trial [corrected]. Respir Care. 2014 May;59(5):678-85. doi: 10.4187/respcare.02587. Epub 2013 Oct 8. Erratum In: Respir Care. 2014 Jul;59(7):e107.
- Unoki T, Mizutani T, Toyooka H. Effects of expiratory rib cage compression and/or prone position on oxygenation and ventilation in mechanically ventilated rabbits with induced atelectasis. Respir Care. 2003 Aug;48(8):754-62.
- Bousarri MP, Shirvani Y, Agha-Hassan-Kashani S, Nasab NM. The effect of expiratory rib cage compression before endotracheal suctioning on the vital signs in patients under mechanical ventilation. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2014 May;19(3):285-9.
- Jalil Y, Damiani LF, Basoalto R, Bachmman MC, Bruhn A. A deep look into the rib cage compression technique in mechanically ventilated patients: a narrative review. Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2022 Jan-Mar;34(1):176-184. doi: 10.5935/0103-507X.20220012-pt. Erratum In: Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2022 Apr-Jun;34(2):312.
- Van der Touw T, Mudaliar Y, Nayyar V. Cardiorespiratory effects of manually compressing the rib cage during tidal expiration in mechanically ventilated patients recovering from acute severe asthma. Crit Care Med. 1998 Aug;26(8):1361-7. doi: 10.1097/00003246-199808000-00021.
- Hosoe T, Tanaka T, Hamasaki H, Nonoyama K. Effect of positioning and expiratory rib-cage compression on atelectasis in a patient who required prolonged mechanical ventilation: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2022 Jun 23;16(1):265. doi: 10.1186/s13256-022-03389-5.
- Kohan M, Mohammad-Taheri N. Expiratory rib cage compression, endotracheal suctioning, and vital signs. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res. 2016 May-Jun;21(3):343. doi: 10.4103/1735-9066.180383. No abstract available.
- Berti JS, Tonon E, Ronchi CF, Berti HW, Stefano LM, Gut AL, Padovani CR, Ferreira AL. Manual hyperinflation combined with expiratory rib cage compression for reduction of length of ICU stay in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation. J Bras Pneumol. 2012 Jul-Aug;38(4):477-86. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132012000400010. English, Portuguese.
- Mase K, Yamamoto K, Murakami S, Kihara K, Matsushita K, Nozoe M, Takashima S. Changes in ventilation mechanics during expiratory rib cage compression in healthy males. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018 Jun;30(6):820-824. doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.820. Epub 2018 Jun 12.
- Ntoumenopoulos G. Expiratory rib-cage compression, airway suctioning, and atelectasis. Respir Care. 2005 Mar;50(3):387; author reply 387-8. No abstract available.
- Ouchi A, Sakuramoto H, Unoki T, Yoshino Y, Hosino H, Koyama Y, Enomoto Y, Shimojo N, Mizutani T, Inoue Y. Effects of Manual Rib Cage Compressions on Mucus Clearance in Mechanically Ventilated Pigs. Respir Care. 2020 Aug;65(8):1135-1140. doi: 10.4187/respcare.07249. Epub 2020 Feb 11.
- Morino A, Shida M, Tanaka M, Sato K, Seko T, Ito S, Ogawa S, Takahashi N. Comparison of changes in tidal volume associated with expiratory rib cage compression and expiratory abdominal compression in patients on prolonged mechanical ventilation. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Jul;27(7):2253-6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.2253. Epub 2015 Jul 22.
- D'Angelo E, Miserocchi G, Agostoni E. Effect of rib cage or abdomen compression at iso-lung volume on breathing pattern. Respir Physiol. 1976 Nov;28(2):161-77. doi: 10.1016/0034-5687(76)90036-0.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Estimated)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Other Study ID Numbers
- MV Patients
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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