Comparing the Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Glucose Handling

Comparing the Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Glucose Handling and Muscle Metabolism in Young Males and Females

The purpose of the proposed study is to compare the acute effects of different types of exercise modalities on glucose handling in young, healthy males and females. The exercise modalities that will be compared include: a high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocol, a moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) protocol and a low-load, high-repetition (LL-HR) resistance exercise protocol.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Insulin Sensitivity; Sex Differences; Glycemic Control
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Other: Mixed Exercise

Detailed Description

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (High intensity interval exercise, Moderate intensity continuous exercise, and Low-load-high repetition resistance exercise) on blood sugar control in young healthy, males and females. To test this theory, a sugar challenge (oral glucose tolerance test - OGTT) will be performed during the pre-testing visit to determine the baseline blood sugar response. An OGTT will also be performed 2 hours after each single exercise session to determine how each type of exercise affects the blood sugar response. Investigators will take multiple blood samples throughout the trial to allow us to measure blood sugar, insulin and concentrations and oxidative stress. Muscle biopsies will be taken before and after each exercise bout so that investigators can examine the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the effectiveness of the different types of exercise on blood sugar control. Investigators will also use an ultrasound to measure factors related to of cardiovascular health such as artery stress and vascular conductance during the exercise bouts. Direct benefits of this study include characterizing sex differences of blood sugar handling after single exercise sessions. This study could have direct benefits on deterring the effectiveness of different forms of exercise on blood sugar levels.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Ontario
    • Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, N2L 3G1
      • University of Waterloo

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• In order to participate in this study, participants must be a healthy man or woman between the ages of 18 and 30 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of chronic health condition(s) [i.e. metabolic (i.e. Type 1 or type 2 diabetes), cardiovascular (i.e hypertension), respiratory (i.e. chronic pulmonary obstructive disorder) or digestive (i.e. ulcerative colitis) disorders.

  • Are pregnant, or suspect that they may be pregnant, or nursing
  • Inability to complete the single exercise sessions.
  • Regularly participate in cardiovascular (>3 sessions/week) or resistance training (>2 sessions/week) exercise.
  • Have an allergy to local anesthetic (or family history of allergy)
  • Have undergone a barium swallow or an infusion of a contrast agent in the past 3 weeks
  • Are taking prescription anti-coagulant or anti-platelet medications (e.g., warfarin, heparin, clopidogrel)
  • Inability to exercise as suggested by the get active questionnaire (GAQ)
  • BMI > 27 kg/m2

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Basic Science
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

4

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; This visit will include a baseline OGTT to be used as a pre-exercise baseline measure for each of the arms. Participants will then consume a 75g glucose beverage (Trutol, Thermo Scientific) and blood samples will be drawn at 0, 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 and 120 minutes post consumption.	Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; control oral glucose tolerance test; Other: Mixed Exercise; exercise performed in randomized order
Experimental: High intensity interval exercise (HIIE); Participants performed a High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) bout which includes 10 x 1 min at 90% maximum heart rate (HRmax) with 5 min warm up and 5 min cool down at 50watts (low state steady cycling). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.	Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; control oral glucose tolerance test; Other: Mixed Exercise; exercise performed in randomized order
Experimental: Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE); Participants performed a Moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICE) bout which includes 30 min at 65% maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.	Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; control oral glucose tolerance test; Other: Mixed Exercise; exercise performed in randomized order
Experimental: Low-load, high-repetition resistance exercise (LL-HR); Participants performed a Low-load, high-rep resistance exercise (LL-HR) bout which includes a whole body resistance exercise bout, 3 sets at 30% maximum strength (1RM) for leg press, knee extension, hamstring curl, lat pulldown, shoulder press, chest press, 20-25 reps, last set to failure. 90mins following the exercise bout participants will undergo another oral glucose tolerance test.	Other: Control Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; control oral glucose tolerance test; Other: Mixed Exercise; exercise performed in randomized order

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Insulin sensitivity change	Assess the changes in insulin sensitivity pre to post exercise	120mins
Blood insulin change	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood insulin	120mins
Blood glucose change	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood glucose.	120mins
Blood c-peptide change	To assess the effect of sex and exercise on basal and post-exercise blood c-peptide.	120mins

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
TBC1 domain family member 4 change (TBC1D4)	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise	35mins
TBC1 domain family member 1 change (TBC1D1)	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise	35mins
protein kinase B change	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise	35mins
5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase change	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise	35mins
glucose transporter 4 change (GLUT4)	examine protein content changes from pre to post exercise	35mins
estrogen concentration	to assess the differences in estrogen concentration between males and females	30mins
progesterone concentration	to assess the differences in progesterone concentration between males and females	30mins

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of Waterloo

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 1, 2018
• Primary Completion (Actual): October 31, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): October 31, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 8, 2024
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 19, 2024
• First Posted (Actual): January 22, 2024

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): February 6, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 2, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Hyperinsulinism; Insulin Resistance
• Other Study ID Numbers: ORE #22477

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No