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- Klinische proef NCT05093309
Preventing Opioid Overdose Deaths by Empowering Pharmacists to Dispense Naloxone
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of the Empowering Community Pharmacists program on pharmacists' knowledge, perceived barriers, attitudes, confidence, and intentions regarding naloxone services implementation, as well as change in number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed.
Methods: A 3-month pragmatic randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018-2019. Alabama community pharmacists were recruited by email, phone, fax, and mailed postcards and randomized to intervention (monthly resources/reminders + educational webinar) or control (monthly resources/reminders + delayed educational webinar). Outcome measures were assessed via online surveys at baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3-months post-intervention (T3), including: naloxone knowledge (percent correct); perceived barriers, attitudes, and confidence regarding naloxone services implementation (7-point Likert-type scale, 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree); and number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed. Mean differences between control and intervention groups from T1-T3 were assessed using two-way mixed ANOVA and adjusted analyses were conducted using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with negative binomial distribution (alpha=0.05).
Studie Overzicht
Toestand
Conditie
Interventie / Behandeling
Studietype
Inschrijving (Werkelijk)
Fase
- Niet toepasbaar
Contacten en locaties
Studie Locaties
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Alabama
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Auburn, Alabama, Verenigde Staten, 36849
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy
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Deelname Criteria
Geschiktheidscriteria
Leeftijden die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Accepteert gezonde vrijwilligers
Geslachten die in aanmerking komen voor studie
Beschrijving
Inclusion Criteria:
- Registered pharmacists.
- Employed at least 30 hours per week at a community pharmacy.
- Employed at a community pharmacy located in one of 20 Alabama priority counties with the highest opioid overdose mortality rates.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Multiple pharmacists from the same pharmacy site.
- Members of the stakeholder panel (from the formative phase of the study).
Studie plan
Hoe is de studie opgezet?
Ontwerpdetails
- Primair doel: Onderzoek naar gezondheidsdiensten
- Toewijzing: Gerandomiseerd
- Interventioneel model: Parallelle opdracht
- Masker: Geen (open label)
Wapens en interventies
Deelnemersgroep / Arm |
Interventie / Behandeling |
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Experimenteel: Intervention
The intervention group received naloxone resources + monthly reminders + educational webinar.
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At month 1 of the study period, the educational webinar was presented by expert speakers and consisted of 3 modules: 1) naloxone basics; 2) naloxone service implementation strategies; and 3) naloxone recommendation communication strategies.
Participants were mailed naloxone nasal spray and auto-injector training devices prior to attending the online webinar so that they could follow along during demonstrations.
Andere namen:
After completing the baseline survey, both control and intervention groups were provided with a basic publicly available flyer about naloxone dosage forms in order to ensure all participants could provide adequate patient care.
Andere namen:
Reminders consisted of monthly emails from investigators for the purpose of retaining study engagement.
Andere namen:
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Geen tussenkomst: Control
The control group received naloxone resources + monthly reminders + delayed educational webinar (after the 3-month study period).
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Wat meet het onderzoek?
Primaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
---|---|---|
Change in naloxone knowledge from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Knowledge about naloxone was measured via online survey.
Knowledge was measured as percent correct on a 7-item index adapted from Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS).
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3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Change in perceived barriers from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Perceived barriers to adoption/implementation of pharmacy-based naloxone services was measured via online survey.
Barriers (20-items) were measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS).
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3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Change in attitudes from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Attitudes regarding pharmacy-based naloxone services was measured via online survey.
Attitudes (15-items) were measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS).
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3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Change in confidence from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Confidence in performing naloxone dispensing behaviors was measured via online survey.
Confidence (10-items) was measured using 7-point Likert-type scales (1=strongly disagree, 7=strongly agree) and informed by Nielsen et al (2016) and Williams' (2013) Opioid Overdose Attitude Scale (OOAS).
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3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Change in intention from baseline to immediately post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Intention to dispense naloxone or perform naloxone services in the next three months was measured via online survey.
The 5-item intention construct was measured using a 7-point Likert-type scale from 1=strongly disagree to 7=strongly agree and informed by an existing intention measure by Urmie et al (2007).
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3 months: baseline (T1), immediately post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Secundaire uitkomstmaten
Uitkomstmaat |
Maatregel Beschrijving |
Tijdsspanne |
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Change in number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed from baseline to 3 months post-intervention
Tijdsspanne: 3 months: baseline (T1) and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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The number of naloxone prescriptions dispensed over 3 months before and after the intervention was assessed via self-report at T1 and T3.
Participants utilized national drug codes (NDCs) within their pharmacy dispensing software to identify naloxone dispensing information.
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3 months: baseline (T1) and 3 months post-intervention (T3)
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Medewerkers en onderzoekers
Sponsor
Onderzoekers
- Hoofdonderzoeker: Lindsey Hohmann, PharmD, PhD, Auburn University
Publicaties en nuttige links
Studie record data
Bestudeer belangrijke data
Studie start (Werkelijk)
Primaire voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Studie voltooiing (Werkelijk)
Studieregistratiedata
Eerst ingediend
Eerst ingediend dat voldeed aan de QC-criteria
Eerst geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Updates van studierecords
Laatste update geplaatst (Werkelijk)
Laatste update ingediend die voldeed aan QC-criteria
Laatst geverifieerd
Meer informatie
Termen gerelateerd aan deze studie
Trefwoorden
Aanvullende relevante MeSH-voorwaarden
Andere studie-ID-nummers
- R36HS026669-01A1 (Amerikaanse AHRQ-subsidie/contract)
Plan Individuele Deelnemersgegevens (IPD)
Bent u van plan om gegevens van individuele deelnemers (IPD) te delen?
Beschrijving IPD-plan
Informatie over medicijnen en apparaten, studiedocumenten
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd geneesmiddel
Bestudeert een door de Amerikaanse FDA gereguleerd apparaatproduct
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