- ICH GCP
- Amerikanska kliniska prövningsregistret
- Klinisk prövning NCT00207948
Optimizing Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents
Studieöversikt
Status
Betingelser
Intervention / Behandling
Detaljerad beskrivning
Although, the use of protease inhibitors (PI) containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a remarkable improvement in the prognosis and outcome of HIV infection, only 45% to 70% of treatment-naïve patients who commence HAART achieve complete virological suppression. The emergence of HIV resistance to antiretroviral drugs is one of the main obstacles to the successful long-term suppression of HIV replication. Poor adherence and unfavorable pharmacokinetics (PK) caused by altered absorption, genetic variations in metabolism and drug-drug interactions frequently lead to antiretroviral drug concentrations below the inhibitory concentration for 50% of the viral quasispecies (IC50) and loss of viral suppression.
Enzymes of the cytochrome (CYP) P450 (CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5) family located in the liver and small intestine are responsible for the metabolism of PIs. The absence of expression of certain enzymes from this family was recently correlated with a genetic polymorphism, which may have a major role in variation of cytochrome P450-mediated drug metabolism. Results of these studies suggest significant differences in the distribution of the polymorphism associated alleles between ethnic groups, in particular between Caucasians and African Americans. Detection of cytochrome P450 variant alleles and more detailed data on their allelic frequency in various ethnic groups is critical to assess their impact on PK of antiretroviral agents, in particular PIs.
This research proposal is aimed at the development of a novel multidisciplinary approach to optimize HAART in HIV infected children. It is increasingly clear that inter-individual variation in drug metabolism and responsiveness has a strong genetic component. The metabolic pathways leading to drug clearance, bio-availability, and cellular responses are complex, and only beginning to be understood. Key to our understanding of inter-individual responses is identification of the genetic polymorphisms that contribute to this variability, the relative contribution of different genes/SNPs, and the possible interactions between the corresponding protein products or pathways. We propose to develop a dosing regimen of PIs in HIV-infected children that takes into account genetic variability in drug metabolism and transport, and resistance of the dominant viral strain (as determined by virtual phenotype).
In order to do so, the protocol address the following Specific Aims:
- Specific Aim 1 (completed previously): Determine the prevalence of genetic variations in CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and MDR-1 genes in a cohort of children and adolescents with HIV infection.
- Specific Aim 2 (completed previously): Evaluate the relationship of this genetic variability to the pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmin, Cmax, AUC) and toxicity (graded by the Division of AIDS [DAIDS] classification) of protease inhibitors in pediatric patients with HIV infection.
- Specific Aim 3 (THIS STUDY): Evaluate the impact of dose adjustment of protease inhibitors based on pharmacogenetic profile and virtual inhibitory quotient (VIQ) on clinical outcome (measured by HIV-RNA viral load and CD4+ cell count changes) and toxicity (graded by the DAIDS classification) in pediatric patients with HIV infection.
Studietyp
Inskrivning (Faktisk)
Kontakter och platser
Studieorter
-
-
District of Columbia
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Washington, District of Columbia, Förenta staterna, 20010
- Children's National Medical Center
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Deltagandekriterier
Urvalskriterier
Åldrar som är berättigade till studier
Tar emot friska volontärer
Kön som är behöriga för studier
Testmetod
Studera befolkning
Beskrivning
Inclusion criteria:
- Evidence of HIV infection confirmed by positive culture or PCR on at least two occasions, or a positive ELISA and a confirmatory Western Blot. At least one of these tests must be done in an ACTG certified laboratory which is approved to perform the assay for protocol testing
- Age 4-21 years
- Current use of HAART regimen (NRTI or/and NNRTI based) containing a PI
- HIV-RNA levels above 1,000 copies/mL (Stage II)
- vIQ<1 for Kaletra
- Signed informed consent and, if indicated, signed informed assent or waiver of assent.
Exclusion criteria:
- Grade 3-4 DAIDS defined toxicity
- Use of cimetidine (used as the internal standard for the HPLC-MS/MS assay)
- Any active opportunistic infection
- Any of the following laboratory findings at entry: absolute neutrophil count <750 cells/mm3; platelet count <75,000 cells/mm3; AST >3 times upper limit of age adjusted normal values; ALT >3 times upper limit of age adjusted normal values; serum creatinine >1.2mg/dL.
- Patients on dual PI regimen (except when second PI is given for boosting) at the time of enrollment
Studieplan
Hur är studien utformad?
Designdetaljer
Kohorter och interventioner
Grupp / Kohort |
Intervention / Behandling |
---|---|
Therapeutic Dose Adjustment
To adjust the doses of medications to meet target therapeutic concentrations
|
Adjust the dose by up to +50% of reccomended dosa off the drug to meet target therapeutic concentrations
Andra namn:
|
Vad mäter studien?
Primära resultatmått
Resultatmått |
Åtgärdsbeskrivning |
Tidsram |
---|---|---|
evaluation of vIQ
Tidsram: 8 weeks
|
vIQ would be reassessed to determine if increasing their PI dosage thereby increasing the bioavaiability would reduce their viral load.
|
8 weeks
|
Samarbetspartners och utredare
Utredare
- Huvudutredare: Natella Y Rakhmanina, MD, Children's National Medical Center, Children's Research Institute
Publikationer och användbara länkar
Allmänna publikationer
- Rakhmanina N, van den Anker J, Baghdassarian A, Soldin S, Williams K, Neely MN. Population pharmacokinetics of lopinavir predict suboptimal therapeutic concentrations in treatment-experienced human immunodeficiency virus-infected children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009 Jun;53(6):2532-8. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01374-08. Epub 2009 Mar 2.
- Neely MN, Rakhmanina NY. Comment on: Pharmacokinetics and 48 week efficacy of low-dose lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected children. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010 Apr;65(4):808-9; author reply 809-10. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkp489. Epub 2010 Jan 19. No abstract available.
- Rakhmanina NY, Neely MN, Van Schaik RH, Gordish-Dressman HA, Williams KD, Soldin SJ, van den Anker JN. CYP3A5, ABCB1, and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms and pharmacokinetics and virologic outcome of lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected children. Ther Drug Monit. 2011 Aug;33(4):417-24. doi: 10.1097/FTD.0b013e318225384f.
Studieavstämningsdatum
Studera stora datum
Studiestart
Primärt slutförande (Faktisk)
Avslutad studie (Faktisk)
Studieregistreringsdatum
Först inskickad
Först inskickad som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
Första postat (Uppskatta)
Uppdateringar av studier
Senaste uppdatering publicerad (Uppskatta)
Senaste inskickade uppdateringen som uppfyllde QC-kriterierna
Senast verifierad
Mer information
Termer relaterade till denna studie
Nyckelord
Ytterligare relevanta MeSH-villkor
- RNA-virusinfektioner
- Virussjukdomar
- Infektioner
- Blodburna infektioner
- Smittsamma sjukdomar
- Sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar, virala
- Sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar
- Lentivirusinfektioner
- Retroviridae-infektioner
- Immunologiska bristsyndrom
- Immunsystemets sjukdomar
- HIV-infektioner
- Molekylära mekanismer för farmakologisk verkan
- Anti-infektionsmedel
- Antivirala medel
- Enzyminhibitorer
- Anti-HIV-medel
- Antiretrovirala medel
- Proteashämmare
- Cytokrom P-450 CYP3A-hämmare
- Cytokrom P-450 enzymhämmare
- HIV-proteashämmare
- Virala proteashämmare
- Ritonavir
- Lopinavir
Andra studie-ID-nummer
- 1K12RR017613-03 (U.S.S. NIH-anslag/kontrakt)
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