Remembered Meal Satisfaction, Satiety and Later Snack Food Intake

November 19, 2018 updated by: Eric Robinson, University of Liverpool

Remembered Meal Satisfaction, Satiety and Later Snack Food Intake: A Laboratory Study

This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food intake.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

This study examined whether remembered meal satisfaction (encompassing memory for meal liking and satiety) can be manipulated in the laboratory and whether this influences later food intake. In a between-subjects design participants consumed a fixed lunch and then rehearsed the satisfying or dissatisfying aspects of the meal, or a neutral experience (control), in order to manipulate memory for meal satisfaction. Three hours later, in a second visit to the laboratory, participants completed a bogus taste-test to measure food intake and meal memory measures.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
146

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 60 years (ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Fluent English
  • Not taking medication that affects appetite
  • No known history of food allergies or disordered eating

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: DOUBLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
EXPERIMENTAL: Satisfying rehearsal
Participants completed the satisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.
Behavioral: Satisfying rehearsal task
Participants rehearsed satisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.
EXPERIMENTAL: Dissatisfying rehearsal
Participants completed the dissatisfying rehearsal task where they rehearsed the dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal.
Behavioral: Dissatisfying rehearsal task
Participants rehearsed dissatisfying aspects of the lunchtime meal they just ate.
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Neutral rehearsal
Participants completed the neutral rehearsal task where they rehearsed their journey to campus that day.
Behavioral: Neutral rehearsal
Participants rehearsed their journey to campus that day.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Ad libitum snack intake
Time Frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
Energy intake (kcal) measured from a bogus taste-test task. Lower intake in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and greater intake in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Memory for general satisfaction
Time Frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via five questions: 'Overall, how satisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'Overall, how dissatisfying did you find the lunchtime meal?', 'I liked the lunchtime meal', 'How satisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with the taste of the lunchtime meal?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
Memory for satisfaction with meal satiety
Time Frame: Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit
Memory for general satisfaction with the lunchtime meal was measured via two questions: 'How satisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?' and 'How dissatisfied were you with how filling the lunchtime meal was?'. Responses were measured using 100-point visual analogue scales with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely' (0-100). A higher score in those in the satisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition and a lower score in the dissatisfying rehearsal condition compared to the control condition were expected.
Measured during second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit

Other Outcome Measures

Other Outcome Measures

For clinical trials, a planned measurement described in the protocol that is used to determine the effect of an intervention/treatment on participants. For observational studies, a measurement or observation that is used to describe patterns of diseases or traits, or associations with exposures, risk factors, or treatment. Types of outcome measures include primary outcome measure and secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Hunger before lunch
Time Frame: Measured before lunch (during baseline visit)
Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
Measured before lunch (during baseline visit)
Hunger after lunch
Time Frame: Measured after lunch (during baseline visit)
Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
Measured after lunch (during baseline visit)
Hunger before the bogus taste-test
Time Frame: Measured before the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)
Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
Measured before the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)
Hunger after the bogus taste-test
Time Frame: Measured after the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)
Hunger before lunch was measured via a single question asking 'How hungry do you feel right now?'. Responses were measured via a 100-point visual analogue scale with anchors 'not at all' and 'extremely'. No directional hypothesis was made for this outcome.
Measured after the bogus taste-test (in second visit that took place 3 hours after the baseline visit)

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Liverpool

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
August 7, 2017

Primary Completion (ACTUAL)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 8, 2017

Study Completion (ACTUAL)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 8, 2017

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
November 14, 2018

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 19, 2018

First Posted (ACTUAL)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
November 21, 2018

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 21, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
November 19, 2018

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
November 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • RETH000955

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

YES

IPD Plan Description

IPD is available on the UK Data Service and the study protocol is available on the Open Science Framework.

IPD Sharing Time Frame

Data is already available.

IPD Sharing Access Criteria

There are no restrictions on access to the IPD or study protocol.

IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type

  • STUDY_PROTOCOL

Study Data/Documents

  1. Individual Participant Data Set
    Information identifier: 10.5255/UKDA-SN-853370
  2. Study Protocol
    Information identifier: 10.17605/OSF.IO/WYCKJ

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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Sponsors and Collaborators

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Drug Interventions

Conditions

Rare Diseases

Drug Interventions

Dietary Supplements

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Locations

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