Recovery Kinetics Following Change of Direction Training

October 6, 2023 updated by: Ioannis G. Fatouros, University of Thessaly

Recovery Kinetics Following Change of Direction (COD) Training in Soccer: Implications for Different COD Angles

This study aims at investigating the recovery kinetics of skeletal muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue and performance following a single change of direction (COD) training session in competitive soccer players. The impact of COD degrees will be also examined by comparing a 45o vs. 90o COD training session. Ten male soccer players will perform a COD45 [A single training session including 2x(10x ~27.6m) sprints with two 45o COD in each sprint], a COD90 [A single training session including 2x(10x ~21.2m) sprints with two 90o COD in each sprint] and a Control trial (No intervention included, only daily measurements) in randomized, repeated measures, crossover design. Assessments related to skeletal muscle damage, neuromuscular fatigue and performance will be performed prior to training session and daily for three consecutive days post-training, in each trial.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Ten male soccer players will be included in this study. Participants will be initially informed about the aim of study as well as the associated risks and benefits and subsequently will provide their signed consent form. At baseline, they will undergo assessment of their anthropometrics (i.e. body mass and body height), body composition (by DXA), physical conditioning status [maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance test level 2 and Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 2] and daily dietary intake. Thereafter, they will participate in two experimental trials and one control trial in a randomized, crossover, repeated measures design: i) COD45: Participants in this trial will perform a COD training session consisted of 2 sets of 10 x ~27.6m sprints with two 45o COD in each sprint and a resting period of 16 sec and 2:20 min between sprints and sets, respectively, ii) COD90: Participants in this trial will perform a COD training session consisted of 2 sets of 10 x ~21.2m sprints with two 90o COD in each sprint and a resting period of 16 sec and 2:20 min between sprints and sets, respectively, iii) Control: Participants in this trial will only participate in daily assessments to control for day to day variability in the depended variables (they will not receive any intervention). Prior to each trial, participants will provide a resting blood sample (for the determination of blood lactate, white blood cell count and creatine kinase activity) and undergo assessment of their delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS), maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), countermovement jump [will be assessed using two force platforms at 1000 Hz and electromyography instrumentation (EMG)], isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors and flexors (will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer), agility (will be assessed using the Illinois test), 10m and 30m sprint time (will be assessed by using light cells) and repeated sprint ability (5x30m sprints will be performed with 25 sec rest in-between). In COD45 and COD90 experimental trials, a blood sample will be collected immediately post-training for the determination of blood lactate concentration while assessment of DOMS, MVIC and countermovement jump will be performed at 1, 2 and 3 hours post-training. In all trials assessment of DOMS, MVIC, countermovement jump (CMJ), isokinetic peak torque, agility and sprinting performance as well as determination of creatine kinase activity and white blood cell count will be performed at 24, 48 and 72 hours post-training. A 7-day wash out period will applied between trials.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
10

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact

The name and contact information for the person who can answer enrollment questions for a clinical study. Each location where the study is being conducted may also have a specific contact, who may be better able to answer those questions.

Study Locations

  • Greece
      • Trikala, Greece, 42100
        • SmArT LABORATORY, SCHOOL OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION & SPORTS SCIENCES, UNIVERSITY OF THESSALY
      • Trikala, Greece, 42100
        • SMART LAB, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, University of Thessaly.

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Soccer players participating in at least 5 training sessions per week and 1official match
  • Participation at a competitive level for at least 4 years
  • Free of musculoskeletal injuries
  • No use of ergogenic supplements or medication
  • Non-smokers

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Musculoskeletal injury
  • Use of alcohol, caffeine and any type of ergogenic supplements or medication during the course of the study

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Other
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
No Intervention: Control
Participants in this arm will receive no intervention
Experimental: COD45
Participants in this arm will participate in a COD training session consisted of 45 degrees changes of direction
Other: COD45
Participants will perform 2 sets of 10 sprints. The total distance for each sprint will be 27.6 meters and will include two changes of direction of 45 degrees. The recovery time will be 16 seconds between sprints and 2.20 minutes between sets
Experimental: COD90
Participants in this arm will participate in a COD training session consisted of 90 degrees changes of direction
Other: COD90
Participants will perform 2 sets of 10 sprints. The total distance for each sprint will be 21.2 meters and will include two changes of direction of 90 degrees. The recovery time will be 16 seconds between sprints and 2.20 minutes between sets

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in creatine kinase activity
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Creatine kinase activity will be measured in plasma
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in white blood cell count
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
White blood cell count will be measured by using an automatic blood analyzer
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in delayed onset of muscle soreness
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Muscle soreness will be assessed by palpation of the muscle belly and the distal region
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isometric peak torque
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Isometric peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in fatigue index of maximal voluntary isometric contraction during 10 seconds
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Fatigue rate will be determined by calculating the percent drop of peak torque between the first and the last three seconds of a 10-second maximal isometric contraction
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isokinetic peak torque of knee extensors
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Isokinetic peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer in both limbs
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in isokinetic peak torque of knee flexors
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Isokinetic peak torque will be assessed on an isokinetic dynamometer in both limbs
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in countermovement jump height
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Countermovement jump height will be assessed by using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in ground reaction force during countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Ground reaction force will be assessed by using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak power during countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Peak power will be assessed using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in mean power during countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Mean power will be assessed using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in vertical stiffness during countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Vertical stiffness will be assessed using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak rate of force development during countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Peak rate of force development will be assessed using two force platforms at 1000 Hz, with each foot in parallel on the two platforms providing a separate yet time-synchronized measurement of the jump height for each leg
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in peak normalized electromyography (EMG) during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
EMG data will be collected wirelessly at 2000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus muscles.
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in mean normalized electromyography (EMG) during the eccentric and concentric phases of the countermovement jump
Time Frame: At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
EMG data will be collected wirelessly at 2000 Hz using a Myon MA-320 EMG system (Myon AG, Switzerland) for the vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, gastrocnemius and gluteus maximus muscles.
At baseline, at 1, 2, 3, 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in repeated sprint ability
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Repeated sprint ability will be tested using 5x30 m sprints with 25 seconds rest in-between
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in sprint time of 10m
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
10m sprint time will be assessed using light cells
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in sprint time of 30m
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
30m sprint time will be assessed using light cells
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in agility
Time Frame: At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Agility will be assessed using the illinois agility test.
At baseline, at 24, 48 and 72 hours after change of direction training session
Change in field activity during the change of direction training session
Time Frame: During the change of direction training session
Field activity will be continuously monitored during the change of direction training session by using global positioning system (GPS)
During the change of direction training session
Change in heart rate during the change of direction training session
Time Frame: During the change of direction training session
Heart rate will be continuously monitored during the change of direction training session by using heart rate monitors.
During the change of direction training session
Change in blood lactate concentration
Time Frame: At baseline and immediately post change of direction training session
Blood lactate will be measured using a lactate plus system
At baseline and immediately post change of direction training session

Secondary Outcome Measures

Secondary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, a planned outcome measure that is not as important as the primary outcome measure for evaluating the effect of an intervention but is still of interest. Most clinical studies have more than one secondary outcome measure.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Body mass
Time Frame: At baseline
Body mass will me measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
At baseline
Body height
Time Frame: At baseline
Body height will me measured on a beam balance with stadiometer
At baseline
Body fat
Time Frame: At baseline
Body fat will be assessed by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
At baseline
Lean body mass
Time Frame: At baseline
Lean body mass will be assessed by using Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry
At baseline
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max)
Time Frame: At baseline
VO2max will be measured by open circuit spirometry via breath by breath method
At baseline
Yo-Yo Intermittent Endurance Test level 2 performance
Time Frame: At baseline
At baseline
Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 2 performance
Time Frame: At baseline
At baseline
Dietary intake
Time Frame: At baseline
Dietary intake will be assessed over a 7-day period by using diet recalls
At baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Thessaly

Investigators

Investigators

A researcher involved in a clinical study. Related terms include site principal investigator, site sub-investigator, study chair, study director, and study principal investigator.
  • Study Director: Ioannis G Fatouros, Prof, University of Thessaly, Department of Physical Education and Sport Science

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
April 1, 2021

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
September 30, 2021

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
June 30, 2023

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
March 9, 2021

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
March 9, 2021

First Posted (Actual)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
March 12, 2021

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimated)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
October 9, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 6, 2023

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • Recovery-COD Training-UTH

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

NO

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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