Combination Chemotherapy and Cetuximab or Bevacizumab in Treating Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

An Exploratory Study of Chemotherapy for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Based Upon Thymidine Phosphorylase Expression, KRAS and BRAF Mutation Status, and ERCC1 Expression

RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as fluorouracil, leucovorin calcium, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, and irinotecan hydrochloride, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Giving more than one drug (combination chemotherapy) and giving the drugs in different combinations may kill more tumor cells. Monoclonal antibodies, such as bevacizumab and cetuximab, can block tumor growth in different ways. Some block the ability of tumor cells to grow and spread. Others find tumor cells and help kill them or carry tumor-killing substances to them. Giving combination chemotherapy together with bevacizumab or cetuximab may kill more tumor cells.

PURPOSE:To evaluate the use of standard (KRAS) and experimental (thymidine phosphorylase, ERCC1 and BRAF) tumor testing can aid in selecting chemotherapy regimens

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Biological: bevacizumab; Drug: oxaliplatin; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Drug: fluorouracil; Drug: capecitabine; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Biological: cetuximab; Genetic: DNA analysis; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Genetic: mutation analysis; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing

Detailed Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To evaluate the feasibility, as defined by completion of three specific marker assays and generation of clinically meaningful endpoints, of selecting treatment regimen components based on biologic tumor characteristics in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To investigate the response rate associated with genotype/phenotype guided therapy using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) version 1.1.

II. To investigate the time to failure of treatment strategy associated with genotype/phenotype guided therapy, defined as the time from initiation of investigational treatment strategy until death, disease progression, initiation of a new therapeutic agent, or disease progression while on a partial or complete treatment holiday.

III. To investigate the progression-free survival associated with genotype/phenotype guided therapy, defined as the time from enrollment to time of progression of disease or death.

OUTLINE: Patients are assigned to treatment groups based on marker assay results.

ARM A: TP-/uncertain, KRAS and BRAF wild-type, ERCC1 high ARM B: TP-/uncertain, KRAS and BRAF wild-type, ERCC1 low/uncertain ARM C: TP-/uncertain, KRAS or BRAF mutant/uncertain, ERCC1 high ARM D: TP-/uncertain, KRAS or BRAF mutant/uncertain, ERCC1 low/uncertain ARM E: TP+, KRAS and BRAF wild-type, ERCC1 high ARM F: TP+, KRAS and BRAF wild-type, ERCC1 low/uncertain ARM G: TP+, KRAS or BRAF mutant/uncertain, ERCC1 high ARM H: TP+, KRAS or BRAF mutant/uncertain, ERCC1 low/uncertain ARM I: TP uninterpretable, KRAS or BRAF uninterpretable, ERCC1 uninterpretable

KRAS testing is standard of care in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer; tymidine phosphorylase, ERCC1 and BRAF testing assays are still experimental.

Courses in arms A-D and arm I repeat every 28 days and courses in arms E-H repeat every 21 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up every 3 months for 18 months.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 3
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19111-2497
      • Fox Chase Cancer Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients must have histologically confirmed colon or rectal cancer that has metastasized; no biopsy of metastatic site(s) are required if presentation is consistent with metastatic disease
• Available archived tissue block or slides from the primary colon or rectal cancer; approximately 25 slides from the primary tumor tissue are necessary for testing of all markers
• Patients must have measurable disease by RECIST 1.1, defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded) as >= 10 mm with computed tomography (CT) scan or clinical exam with calipers; lymph nodes must be 15 mm in shortest dimension as measured on CT scan
• Patients may not have received prior therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer; prior adjuvant therapy (including any of the study agents) is permitted if completed > 6 months from the initial detection of metastatic disease
• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0-1
• Absolute neutrophil count >= 1,500/mcL
• Platelets >= 100,000/mcL
• Total bilirubin =< 2 X institutional upper limit of normal (ULN)
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT])/ alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]) =< 3 X institutional ULN or =< 5 X ULN if known liver metastases
• Creatinine clearance >= 50 mL/min (as calculated by Cockroft and Gault formula)
• Urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio < 1.0 at screening (as calculated from urine protein concentration and urine creatinine concentration); patients with a UPC ratio >= 1 will undergo a 24-hour urine collection, which must be adequate and demonstrate < 1 gram in order to participate
• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have had previous chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
• Uncontrolled hypertension (>150/100 mmHg) despite a stable regimen of anti-hypertensive medication
• History of cardiovascular disease, defined as previous myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, uncontrolled congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association > Class II), clinically significant ventricular arrhythmia requiring medication, clinically significant peripheral vascular disease, or unstable angina within 6 months of study enrollment
• Underlying neuropathy >= grade 2
• Serious non-healing wounds, ulcers, or fistulas
• Major surgery, open biopsy, or major traumatic injury within 28 days of registration, or anticipation of need for surgical procedure during course of study, and core biopsy or fine needle aspiration within 7 days of registration; closed biopsy or access port placement is acceptable
• A history of thrombotic or hemorrhagic disorder; patients with elevated international normalized ratio (INR) (2.0 to 3.0) on stable doses of therapeutic anticoagulation are eligible
• Untreated brain metastases; patients with treated brain metastases who have completed radiation therapy, are clinically and radiographically stable, and are off steroid therapy may be enrolled
• History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to cetuximab, oxaliplatin, capecitabine, or other agents used in the study
• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
• Pregnant women are excluded; breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with chemotherapy
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-positive patients on combination antiretroviral therapy are ineligible; appropriate studies will be undertaken in patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy when indicated
• Patients must not have a history of another neoplasm < 5 years prior to enrollment, except for non-metastatic, non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix
• Patients of child-bearing potential who are unwilling or unable to utilize contraceptive measures including barrier contraception

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

9

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Arm A; Patients receive FOLFIRI (FOLolinic acid (leucovorin) Fluorouracil (5-FU) IRInotecan (irinotecan)) chemotherapy comprising fluorouracil intravenously (IV) over 46 hours continuously, leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours, and irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 15. Patients also receive cetuximab IV over 60-120 minutes on days 1 and 8.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Given IV; Other Names: CF; CFR; LV; Drug: fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-fluorouracil; 5-Fluracil; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Biological: cetuximab; Given IV; Other Names: C225; IMC-C225; C225 monoclonal antibody; MOAB C225; monoclonal antibody C225; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: irinotecan; Campto; Camptosar; U-101440E; CPT-11; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm B; Patients receive FOLFOX (FOL- Folinic acid (leucovorin) F - Fluorouracil (5-FU) OX - Oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)) chemotherapy comprising fluorouracil IV over 46 hours continuously on day 1 and leucovorin calcium IV over 2 hours and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on days 1 and 15. Patients also receive cetuximab IV over 60-120 minutes on days 1 and 8.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Drug: oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; L-OHP; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Given IV; Other Names: CF; CFR; LV; Drug: fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-fluorouracil; 5-Fluracil; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Biological: cetuximab; Given IV; Other Names: C225; IMC-C225; C225 monoclonal antibody; MOAB C225; monoclonal antibody C225; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm C; Patients receive FOLFIRI chemotherapy as in Arm A and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Biological: bevacizumab; Given IV; Other Names: Avastin; anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody; anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; rhuMAb VEGF; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Given IV; Other Names: CF; CFR; LV; Drug: fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-fluorouracil; 5-Fluracil; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: irinotecan; Campto; Camptosar; U-101440E; CPT-11; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm D; Patients receive FOLFOX chemotherapy as in Arm B and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on days 1 and 15.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Biological: bevacizumab; Given IV; Other Names: Avastin; anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody; anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; rhuMAb VEGF; Drug: oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; L-OHP; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Given IV; Other Names: CF; CFR; LV; Drug: fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-fluorouracil; 5-Fluracil; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm E; Patients receive CapeIRI (Capecitabine and Irinotecan) chemotherapy comprising capecitabine orally (PO) twice daily (BID) on days 1-14 and irinotecan hydrochloride IV over 90 minutes on days 1 and 8. Patients also receive cetuximab IV over 60-120 minutes on days 1 and 8.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Drug: capecitabine; Given PO; Other Names: Xeloda; CAPE; Ro 09-1978/000; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Biological: cetuximab; Given IV; Other Names: C225; IMC-C225; C225 monoclonal antibody; MOAB C225; monoclonal antibody C225; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: irinotecan; Campto; Camptosar; U-101440E; CPT-11; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm F; Patients receive CapeOX (capecitabine (Xeloda) and oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)) chemotherapy comprising capecitabine PO BID on days 1-14 and oxaliplatin IV over 2 hours on day 1. Patients also receive cetuximab IV over 60-120 minutes on days 1 and 8.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Drug: oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; L-OHP; Drug: capecitabine; Given PO; Other Names: Xeloda; CAPE; Ro 09-1978/000; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Biological: cetuximab; Given IV; Other Names: C225; IMC-C225; C225 monoclonal antibody; MOAB C225; monoclonal antibody C225; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: ARM G; Patients receive CapeIRI chemotherapy as in Arm E and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Biological: bevacizumab; Given IV; Other Names: Avastin; anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody; anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; rhuMAb VEGF; Drug: capecitabine; Given PO; Other Names: Xeloda; CAPE; Ro 09-1978/000; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Drug: irinotecan hydrochloride; Given IV; Other Names: irinotecan; Campto; Camptosar; U-101440E; CPT-11; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm H; Patients receive CapeOX chemotherapy as in Arm F and bevacizumab IV over 30-90 minutes on day 1.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Biological: bevacizumab; Given IV; Other Names: Avastin; anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody; anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; rhuMAb VEGF; Drug: oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; L-OHP; Drug: capecitabine; Given PO; Other Names: Xeloda; CAPE; Ro 09-1978/000; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing
Experimental: Arm I; Patients receive treatment as in Arm D.	Other: laboratory biomarker analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: polymerase chain reaction; Correlative studies; Other Names: PCR; Biological: bevacizumab; Given IV; Other Names: Avastin; anti-VEGF humanized monoclonal antibody; anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody; rhuMAb VEGF; Drug: oxaliplatin; Given IV; Other Names: 1-OHP; Dacotin; Dacplat; Eloxatin; L-OHP; Drug: leucovorin calcium; Given IV; Other Names: CF; CFR; LV; Drug: fluorouracil; Given IV; Other Names: 5-FU; 5-fluorouracil; 5-Fluracil; Other: immunohistochemistry staining method; Correlative studies; Other Names: immunohistochemistry; Genetic: DNA analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: gene expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: mutation analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: protein expression analysis; Correlative studies; Genetic: nucleic acid sequencing; Correlative studies; Other Names: Gene Sequencing; Molecular Biology, Nucleic Acid Sequencing

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Feasibility, Defined as a Sufficient Proportion of Subjects Having Available Tissue and an Acceptable Composite Assay Success Rate Among Tested Subjects	Over 21 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Best Overall Response Via RECIST	Over 21 months
Time to Failure of Treatment Strategy	Over 21 months
Progression-free Survival	Over 21 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Fox Chase Cancer Center
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Crystal Denlinger, Fox Chase Cancer Center

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 1, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): May 1, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 20, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 20, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): January 21, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 15, 2021
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 22, 2021
• Last Verified: February 1, 2021

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: stage IVA colon cancer; stage IVB colon cancer; stage IVA rectal cancer; stage IVB rectal cancer
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Antimetabolites; Antineoplastic Agents; Immunosuppressive Agents; Immunologic Factors; Protective Agents; Topoisomerase Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Angiogenesis Modulating Agents; Growth Substances; Growth Inhibitors; Micronutrients; Vitamins; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors; Antidotes; Vitamin B Complex; Antibodies; Fluorouracil; Capecitabine; Oxaliplatin; Immunoglobulins; Bevacizumab; Leucovorin; Irinotecan; Levoleucovorin; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Cetuximab
• Other Study ID Numbers: IRB 09-033; NCI-2011-00046 (Registry Identifier: CTRP (Clinical Trial Reporting Program))