Bioequivalence Study of Pediatric Formulations to Treat HIV Infection

Phase I Three-way Crossover Bioequivalence Study of Pediatric Formulations of Lamivudine/Zidovudine/Nevirapine Using Healthy Adult Volunteers

The purpose of the study is to determine the bioavailability/bioequivalence of two pediatric formulations (tablet and reconstitutable suspension) of lamivudine/zidovudine/ nevirapine in comparison to an innovator product. Establishing the bioequivalence of a newly developed age-appropriate fixed dose combination of lamivudine/zidovudine/ nevirapine as an oral dispersible tablet or a reconstitutable suspension for children is invaluable for future product registration and availability of the products to children, thus filling the void in pediatric HIV/AIDS therapy.

Study Overview

• Status: Unknown
• Conditions: HIV; AIDS
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Epivir®, Retrovir® and Viramune®; Drug: Lamivudine, Zidovudine and nevirapine; Drug: Lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine

Detailed Description

Volunteer Selection and Size: The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline E11 on clinical investigation of medicinal products in the pediatric population suggests that for relative bioavailability comparison of pediatric formulations, adult subjects may be used. Therefore, the study will be performed in a minimum of 24 healthy adult subjects. However, 29 healthy adults will be enrolled to allow for two possible drop-outs and for three subjects that may develop hypersensitivity to nevirapine which is known for its hypersensitivity side effect, in form of rashes.

In anticipation of such reactions,10% more of the 26 subjects will be added to the group. This will make a total of 29 volunteers during the study. Advertisements announcing the study will be posted at the Bowen University Teaching Hospital two months before the commencement of the study to invite volunteers.

Informed Consent Procedure: The volunteers will be screened using a questionnaire (see attached). The language of communication will be English or a local language used by the community. Researchers will explain to the volunteers on an individual basis, the nature of the study, what would be expected of them and their rights. Volunteers may choose to drop out of the study at any time without any restrictions. Volunteers will be informed that the screening procedure also includes physical examination and laboratory test. Following informed consent, using Consent to Participate Form (see attached) and counseling, volunteers may be enrolled for the study.

A baseline laboratory tests for: packed cell volume, white blood cell count with differentiation, platelet estimation, liver function (aspartate aminotransferase [SGOT], alanine aminotransferase [SGPT]), renal function (serum creatinine), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), pregnancy test (females only), HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis B and C tests will be done two weeks prior to dosing. Volunteers may not consume alcohol, tobacco, caffeine containing products, herbal or other drugs during the study.

Eligibility: The inclusion criteria are as follows: Adult males and females found normal on the basis of a pre-trial physical examination, medical history and the results of blood biochemistry and hematology tests; subject is competent and willing to sign informed consent form voluntarily after being given all the detailed information about the study; willingness to be hospitalized for a 24-hour intensive sampling period.

Exclusion criteria:

• Hypersensitivity to study drugs, alcoholism, anemia, evidence of pregnancy
• Abnormal laboratory test; smokers;
• Any clinically significant diseases or findings during the screening medical history or physical examination that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the study;
• Treatment with experimental or prescribed drugs within 30 days prior to the beginning of the study

Confidentiality: Volunteer's name as it appears on the questionnaire will be linked to an identification number. All other documents will have only the identification number instead of your name. The name will not be used in any public document. All written materials and consent forms will be stored in a locked file in the researcher's office. All materials will be destroyed by shredding five years after the completion of the research.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 24
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Nigeria
  • Oyo State
    • Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, 234
      • Bowen University Teaching Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 22 years to 55 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• The eligibility criteria included adults between 22 and 55 years;
• Healthy as determined on the basis of a pre-trial physical examination, medical history, electrocardiogram and the results of blood biochemistry and hematology tests;
• Subject was competent and willing to sign informed consent form voluntarily after being given all the detailed information about the study;
• Willing to be hospitalized for the 24-hour intensive sampling period.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The exclusion criteria was hypersensitivity to study drugs;
• Abnormal laboratory biochemistry values;
• Smokers;
• Any clinically significant diseases or findings during the screening, medical history or physical examination that, in the opinion of the investigator, may interfere with the study;
• Treatment with experimental drugs within 30 days prior to study entry.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Reference; Co-administered liquid mixture of Epivir® (lamivudine) solution, Retrovir® (zidovudine)and Viramune® (nevirapine)	Drug: Epivir®, Retrovir® and Viramune®; 12 mL of Epivir® (lamivudine) 10 mg/mL solution plus 24 ml of Retrovir® (zidovudine) 10 mg/mL syrup plus and 20 mL of Viramune® (nevirapine) of 10 mg/mL; Other Names: Lamivudine; Zidovudine; Nevirapine
Active Comparator: Test product; Fixed dose combination of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine reconstitutable suspension	Drug: Lamivudine, Zidovudine and nevirapine; 20 mL of reconstituted granules for suspension containing lamivudine 30mg/zidovudine 60 mg/nevirapine 50 mg per 5 mL of suspension; Other Names: Lamivudine; Zidovudine; Nevirapine; Drug: Lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine; Lamivudine 30mg/zidovudine 60 mg/nevirapine 50 mg per tablet.; Other Names: Lamivudine; Zidovudine; Nevirapine
Active Comparator: Test Product; Fixed dose combination combination (Lamivudine, Zidovudine and Nevirapine)tablet	Drug: Lamivudine, Zidovudine and nevirapine; 20 mL of reconstituted granules for suspension containing lamivudine 30mg/zidovudine 60 mg/nevirapine 50 mg per 5 mL of suspension; Other Names: Lamivudine; Zidovudine; Nevirapine; Drug: Lamivudine, zidovudine, nevirapine; Lamivudine 30mg/zidovudine 60 mg/nevirapine 50 mg per tablet.; Other Names: Lamivudine; Zidovudine; Nevirapine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Bioequivalence between the tests and reference drugs	The BE criterion established by the Food and Drug administration requires that the 90 % confidence interval of the ratio of suspension or tablet/co-administered liquid mixtures of the individual drugs for all the three parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, AUC0-∞)should lie within 80 to 125 % range.	90 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Elim Pediatric Pharmaceuticals Inc.
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Moji C Adeyeye, Ph.D, Elim Pediatric Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Roosevelt University; Study Director: Daniel A Gbadero, MD, Bowen University Teaching Hospital, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Ellis JC, L'homme RF, Ewings FM, Mulenga V, Bell F, Chileshe R, Molyneux E, Abernethy J, van Oosterhout JJ, Chintu C, Walker AS, Gibb DM, Burger DM. Nevirapine concentrations in HIV-infected children treated with divided fixed-dose combination antiretroviral tablets in Malawi and Zambia. Antivir Ther. 2007;12(2):253-60.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2010
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): November 1, 2011
• Study Completion (Anticipated): December 1, 2011

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 4, 2011
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 8, 2011
• First Posted (Estimate): November 10, 2011

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): November 10, 2011
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 8, 2011
• Last Verified: November 1, 2011

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Treatment; HIV; AIDS
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Antimetabolites; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inducers; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers; Nevirapine; Lamivudine; Zidovudine
• Other Study ID Numbers: RU 2010-73; 2010-73 (Other Identifier: Roosevelt University)