Trial Comparing the Onset and Duration of Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks Using Ropivacaine Versus Ropivacaine-Chloroprocaine Mixture

Double Blinded Randomized Control Trial Comparing the Onset and Duration of Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks Using Ropivacaine Versus Ropivacaine-Chloroprocaine Mixture

A double blinded randomized controlled trial comparing the onset and duration of the Onset and Duration of Ultrasound Guided Supraclavicular Nerve Blocks Using a long acting local anesthestic (Ropivacaine) with a mixture of a long and short acting local anesthestic (Ropivacaine-Chloroprocaine Mixture).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Ropivacine and Chloroprocaine mixture; Drug: Ropivacaine only

Detailed Description

Patients will be met preoperatively in the pre-anesthesia holding area as is typical for most orthopedic procedures. An attending anesthesiologist will evaluate the patient and planned surgical procedure and determine if the best anesthetic plan includes a supraclavicular brachial plexus block and will ensure that the patient provides informed consent for their anesthetic plan. Patients who will be having a supraclavicular brachial plexus block as part of their anesthetic will be approached for possible inclusion in the study.

The patient's surgical site will be verified by standard time out procedure. Standard monitoring will be placed including pulse oximetry, EKG, and non-invasive blood pressure cuff. A nasal canula will be placed to provide oxygen. The patient may be given midazolam IV up to 0.05 mg/kg as needed for anxiolysis. The supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be performed by either the attending anesthesiologist or a resident physician directly supervised by the attending anesthesiologist using ultrasound guidance.

The randomization envelope will be handed to an anesthesiologist not involved in the patient's care who will fill a 30 ml syringe with either 20 ml's of 1% ropivacaine + 10 ml's of normal saline + 0.1 ml of 1mg/ml epinephrine or 20 ml's of 1% ropivacaine + 10 ml's of 3% 2-chloroprocaine + 0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml epinephrine. The patient and the physicians performing the nerve block and the assessment after the block,will be blinded to the type of local anesthetic injected.

The physician performing the block will use standard aseptic technique and local anesthetic infiltration of the skin. Then, using ultrasound guidance and a 22g Touhy needle, a supraclavicular brachial plexus block will be placed using 25 mls of the study drug. The time of beginning of injection will be recorded. Starting at 10 minutes after injection, motor and sensory exam in the distribution of the ulnar, median, radial and musculocutaneous nerves using pinprick every 3 minutes until motor block and sensory block is complete. As has been used in prior studies, motor scores of 0, 1, and 2 will be used for no motor blockade (0), partial motor blockade (1), and complete motor blockade (2). Similarly, sensory scores will reflect no change in pinprick sensitivity (0), diminished pinprick sensitivity (1), and complete loss of sensitivity to pinprick (2). Being ready for surgical anesthesia will be defined as a score of 2 for sensory testing. Any patient not achieving a score of 2 on the sensory scale by 40 minutes will be considered a failed block. These scores will be recorded every 3 minutes until the block achieves scores of 2 and 2 or until the patient goes to the operating room (OR).

Once in the OR, data will be collected on whether or not the patient experienced pain on incision, required supplemental pain medicine or sedation, or if the patient required general anesthesia and the reason for needing general anesthesia (e.g. patient discomfort, surgeon request, etc). Post-operatively, a motor and sensory exam will again be performed on the patients for whom the nerve block did not achieve scores of 2 and 2 prior to undergoing surgery and on the patients who required general anesthesia. The patient will be given a card as a reminder to write down the time when he/she noticed pain at site of the operation for the first time and separately the time when he/she took pain medication for the first time. The night of the surgery the patient will be contacted over the phone by one of the investigators to ask the time of pain onset and pain medication administration. Additional data regarding the patient age, weight, type of surgery, and sex will be recorded.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87106
      • University of New Mexico

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who will be having a supraclavicular brachial plexus block as part of their anesthetic will be approached for possible inclusion in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients who are pregnant,
• have an ASA status of IV or greater,
• neuropathy,
• a cast or other impediment to performing a motor or sensory exam in the arm and hand,
• patients under the age of 18,
• long term opioid therapy (longer than 1 month),
• history of opioid abuse and pseudocholinesterase deficiency

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Ropivacine and Cholroprocaine mixture; 20 ml's of 1% ropivacaine + 10 ml's of 3% 2-chloroprocaine + 0.1 ml of 1 mg/ml epinephrine	Drug: Ropivacine and Chloroprocaine mixture; Chloroprocaine is added to Ropivacaine
Sham Comparator: Ropivacine only; 30 ml syringe with either 20 ml's of 1% ropivacaine + 10 ml's of normal saline + 0.1 ml of 1mg/ml epinephrine	Drug: Ropivacaine only; Ropivacaine diluted with normal saline instead of chloroprocaine

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Onset of Surgical Anesthesia	Onset of surgical anesthesia is defined as the time after injection of local anesthetic to the time where no sensation of pinprick in the ulnar, median, radial and musculocutaneous nerves	45 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Duration of Analgesia	Time interval between the end of local anestehtic injection and the patient's first report of pain in the surgical site after surgery	72 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of New Mexico
• Collaborators: VA Palo Alto Health Care System

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: August 1, 2009
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2010
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2010

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 29, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 31, 2012
• First Posted (Estimated): November 1, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): May 25, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 23, 2023
• Last Verified: October 1, 2012

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Ropivacaine; Duration; Chloroprocaine; Onset; Upper Limb Block; Ultrasound guided supraclavicular block
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Central Nervous System Depressants; Peripheral Nervous System Agents; Sensory System Agents; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Local; Ropivacaine; Chloroprocaine
• Other Study ID Numbers: ChloroRopiSCB