Strategies and Opportunities to Stop Colon Cancer in Priority Populations (STOPCRC)

Only an estimated 50 million US adults aged 50-75 are up-to-date on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening according to guidelines set by the federal government. CRC is 90% curable with timely detection and appropriate treatment of precancerous polyps; increased screening could reduce incidence by up to 50%. Groups least likely to undergo screening, those with minimal education, low income, low access to health care, recent immigrants or Hispanics, are the same people who frequently receive care at Federally Qualified Healthcare Center's (FQHCs). The use of fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) and fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) is exceedingly low in FQHCs (7-9% of patients in the past year) and far below national averages and target rates. Our results will provide valuable information on how to use electronic health record (EHR) resources to optimize guideline-based screening in FQHC clinics whose patient populations have disproportionately low CRC screening rates.

This project, in conjunction with the research team, will use an advisory panel to direct the research activities. The advisory panel will be made up of clinicians, leaders, researchers, and patients. The panel and team will guide the development of materials, the outreach to patients, and the research protocol to best reach FQHC patients who are due for colorectal cancer screening.

This project will be conducted in two phases, Phase I is conducting a pilot at two FQHC's, and Phase II is rolling out the intervention to between 20-30 clinics.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Colorectal Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: Auto Plus

Detailed Description

Phase I (Pilot Aims)

• Aim 1 Conduct preliminary analyses of EHR data at two pilot clinics.
• Aim 2: Use codes and methods developed in Aim 1 to test the feasibility, reach, effectiveness, and cost of an EHR-based CRC screening intervention using a subset of 100 patients at each of two pilot clinics. We will use codes defined in Aim 1 to create a Solutions-based, Epic-integrated system to track CRC screening, mail FIT kits, and track patient test results and receipt of follow-up care. The system will be pilot-tested in two clinics.
• Aim 3: Use results from the pilot intervention to prepare for a large-scale, cluster-randomized pragmatic trial across 18 OCHIN clinics (see Phase II).

Transition from Phase I to Phase II

-Changes to our original proposal include going from a three arm to a two-arm pragmatic cluster trial with revised evaluation and power calculation and refinements to the intervention components for both usual care (now described as enhanced usual care) and the intervention (now described as enhanced auto).

Phase II (Full trial Aims)

• Primary Aim 1. Assess the effectiveness of a large-scale, two-arm CRC screening program among diverse CLINIC patients, and assess difference in CRC screening outcomes (overall and by age, sex, insurance status, Hispanic ethnicity/race). The intervention will consist of an automated data-driven, EHR-linked program for mailing FIT kits (with linguistically appropriate pictographic instructions and return postage) to patients due for CRC screening.
• Primary Aim 2. Assess the costs and long-term cost-effectiveness of the automated program.

We have also included two secondary aims:

• Secondary Aim 1. Assess adoption, implementation, reach and potential maintenance and spread of the program, using a mixed-method rapid assessment process, field notes, and other ethnographic data.
• Secondary Aim 2. Adapt and pilot-test the adaptation of STOP CRC in an alternate EHR platform, Allscripts, and develop an implementation guide to assist sites in adopting the program.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 62155
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Arcata, California, United States, 95521
      • Open Door Health Center
  • Oregon
    • Bend, Oregon, United States, 97701
      • Mosaic Medical
    • Corvallis, Oregon, United States, 97330
      • Benton and Linn County Health Centers
    • Hillsboro, Oregon, United States, 97124
      • Virginia Garcia Memorial Health Center
    • Medford, Oregon, United States, 97501
      • La Clinica Health Care
    • Medford, Oregon, United States, 97504
      • Community Health Center
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97214
      • Multnomah County Health Department
    • Scappoose, Oregon, United States, 97056
      • Oregon Health and Science University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 50 years to 74 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients aged 50-74 with no evidence of a colonoscopy within 9 years or fecal testing within 11 months, and no history of colorectal disease will be eligible to receive a mailed FIT.

Exclusion Criteria:

• End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
• Hospice/Nursing Home

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Screening
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
No Intervention: Usual Care; Clinics in usual care will go about clinic practices to complete recommended screening for colorectal cancer.
Active Comparator: Auto Plus; Clinics randomized to the Auto-Plus arm will engage in all activities (send an introductory letter to participants, then a FIT Kit, then a reminder letter encouraging the return of the FIT Kit) in addition to a PDSA (Plan Do Study Act) cycle to refine or improve their process.	Other: Auto Plus; Clinics randomized to the Auto-Plus arm will engage in all activities in the Auto arm (send an introductory letter to participants, then a FIT Kit, then a reminder letter encouraging the return of the FIT Kit) in addition to one other outreach effort.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
FIT Completion	Binary indication of FIT completion within 12 months or through August 3, 2015 (when usual care clinics received access to study tools). Proportion of completed FIT is represented below with a confidence interval of the difference in completed FIT.	Completed FIT kits sent back within 12 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Any CRC Screening	Binary indication of any CRC screening (fecal test, sigmoidoscopy, or colonoscopy) during the evaluation interval.	Any CRC screening complete within 12 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kaiser Permanente
• Collaborators: National Institutes of Health (NIH); National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Gloria Coronado, PhD, The Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Northwest; Principal Investigator: Beverly Green, PhD, Kaiser Permanente

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Johnson KE, Neta G, Dember LM, Coronado GD, Suls J, Chambers DA, Rundell S, Smith DH, Liu B, Taplin S, Stoney CM, Farrell MM, Glasgow RE. Use of PRECIS ratings in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory. Trials. 2016 Jan 16;17:32. doi: 10.1186/s13063-016-1158-y.
• Coronado GD, Sanchez J, Petrik A, Kapka T, DeVoe J, Green B. Advantages of wordless instructions on how to complete a fecal immunochemical test: lessons from patient advisory council members of a federally qualified health center. J Cancer Educ. 2014 Mar;29(1):86-90. doi: 10.1007/s13187-013-0551-4.
• Coronado GD, Vollmer WM, Petrik A, Taplin SH, Burdick TE, Meenan RT, Green BB. Strategies and Opportunities to STOP Colon Cancer in Priority Populations: design of a cluster-randomized pragmatic trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2014 Jul;38(2):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2014.06.006. Epub 2014 Jun 14.
• Coronado GD, Vollmer WM, Petrik A, Aguirre J, Kapka T, Devoe J, Puro J, Miers T, Lembach J, Turner A, Sanchez J, Retecki S, Nelson C, Green B. Strategies and opportunities to STOP colon cancer in priority populations: pragmatic pilot study design and outcomes. BMC Cancer. 2014 Feb 26;14:55. doi: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-55.
• Coronado GD, Schneider JL, Sanchez JJ, Petrik AF, Green B. Reasons for non-response to a direct-mailed FIT kit program: lessons learned from a pragmatic colorectal-cancer screening study in a federally sponsored health center. Transl Behav Med. 2015 Mar;5(1):60-7. doi: 10.1007/s13142-014-0276-x.
• Coronado GD, Burdick T, Petrik A, Kapka T, Retecki S, Green B. Using an Automated Data-driven, EHR-Embedded Program for Mailing FIT kits: Lessons from the STOP CRC Pilot Study. J Gen Pract (Los Angel). 2014 Jan 5;2:1000141. doi: 10.4172/2329-9126.1000141.
• Coronado GD, Petrik AF, Spofford M, Talbot J, Do HH, Taylor VM. Clinical perspectives on colorectal cancer screening at Latino-serving federally qualified health centers. Health Educ Behav. 2015 Feb;42(1):26-31. doi: 10.1177/1090198114537061. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
• Coronado GD, Retecki S, Schneider J, Taplin SH, Burdick T, Green BB. Recruiting community health centers into pragmatic research: Findings from STOP CRC. Clin Trials. 2016 Apr;13(2):214-22. doi: 10.1177/1740774515608122. Epub 2015 Sep 29.
• Johnson KE, Tachibana C, Coronado GD, Dember LM, Glasgow RE, Huang SS, Martin PJ, Richards J, Rosenthal G, Septimus E, Simon GE, Solberg L, Suls J, Thompson E, Larson EB. A guide to research partnerships for pragmatic clinical trials. BMJ. 2014 Dec 1;349:g6826. doi: 10.1136/bmj.g6826. No abstract available.
• Coronado GD, Petrik AF, Vollmer WM, Taplin SH, Keast EM, Fields S, Green BB. Effectiveness of a Mailed Colorectal Cancer Screening Outreach Program in Community Health Clinics: The STOP CRC Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Sep 1;178(9):1174-1181. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.3629. Erratum In: JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Jul 1;179(7):1007.
• Coronado GD, Nielson CM, Keast EM, Petrik AF, Suls JM. The influence of multi-morbidities on colorectal cancer screening recommendations and completion. Cancer Causes Control. 2021 May;32(5):555-565. doi: 10.1007/s10552-021-01408-2. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
• Petrik AF, Keast E, Johnson ES, Smith DH, Coronado GD. Development of a multivariable prediction model to identify patients unlikely to complete a colonoscopy following an abnormal FIT test in community clinics. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020 Nov 10;20(1):1028. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05883-2.
• Petrik AF, Green B, Schneider J, Miech EJ, Coury J, Retecki S, Coronado GD. Factors Influencing Implementation of a Colorectal Cancer Screening Improvement Program in Community Health Centers: an Applied Use of Configurational Comparative Methods. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 Nov;35(Suppl 2):815-822. doi: 10.1007/s11606-020-06186-2. Epub 2020 Oct 26.
• Schneider JL, Rivelli JS, Gruss I, Petrik AF, Nielson CM, Green BB, Coronado GD. Barriers and Facilitators to Timely Colonoscopy Completion for Safety Net Clinic Patients. Am J Health Behav. 2020 Jul 1;44(4):460-472. doi: 10.5993/AJHB.44.4.8.
• O'Connor EA, Vollmer WM, Petrik AF, Green BB, Coronado GD. Moderators of the effectiveness of an intervention to increase colorectal cancer screening through mailed fecal immunochemical test kits: results from a pragmatic randomized trial. Trials. 2020 Jan 15;21(1):91. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4027-7.
• Thompson JH, Schneider JL, Rivelli JS, Petrik AF, Vollmer WM, Fuoco MJ, Coronado GD. A Survey of Provider Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceived Barriers Regarding a Centralized Direct-Mail Colorectal Cancer Screening Approach at Community Health Centers. J Prim Care Community Health. 2019 Jan-Dec;10:2150132719890950. doi: 10.1177/2150132719890950.
• Green BB, Vollmer WM, Keast E, Petrik AF, Coronado GD. Challenges in assessing population reach in a pragmatic trial. Prev Med Rep. 2019 May 29;15:100910. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2019.100910. eCollection 2019 Sep.
• Meenan RT, Coronado GD, Petrik A, Green BB. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a colorectal cancer screening program in safety net clinics. Prev Med. 2019 Mar;120:119-125. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.01.014. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
• Nielson CM, Rivelli JS, Fuoco MJ, Gawlik VR, Jimenez R, Petrik AF, Coronado GD. Effectiveness of automated and live phone reminders after mailed-FIT outreach in a pilot randomized trial. Prev Med Rep. 2018 Oct 17;12:210-213. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.10.012. eCollection 2018 Dec.
• Coronado GD, Rivelli JS, Fuoco MJ, Vollmer WM, Petrik AF, Keast E, Barker S, Topalanchik E, Jimenez R. Effect of Reminding Patients to Complete Fecal Immunochemical Testing: A Comparative Effectiveness Study of Automated and Live Approaches. J Gen Intern Med. 2018 Jan;33(1):72-78. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4184-x. Epub 2017 Oct 10.
• Petrik AF, Le T, Keast E, Rivelli J, Bigler K, Green B, Vollmer WM, Coronado G. Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Screening Prior to Implementation of a Large Pragmatic Trial in Federally Qualified Health Centers. J Community Health. 2018 Feb;43(1):128-136. doi: 10.1007/s10900-017-0395-7.
• Coury J, Schneider JL, Rivelli JS, Petrik AF, Seibel E, D'Agostini B, Taplin SH, Green BB, Coronado GD. Applying the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) approach to a large pragmatic study involving safety net clinics. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017 Jun 19;17(1):411. doi: 10.1186/s12913-017-2364-3.
• Petrik AF, Green BB, Vollmer WM, Le T, Bachman B, Keast E, Rivelli J, Coronado GD. The validation of electronic health records in accurately identifying patients eligible for colorectal cancer screening in safety net clinics. Fam Pract. 2016 Dec;33(6):639-643. doi: 10.1093/fampra/cmw065. Epub 2016 Jul 28.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: January 1, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): February 1, 2016
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2018

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 3, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 4, 2012
• First Posted (Estimate): December 5, 2012

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 23, 2019
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 18, 2019
• Last Verified: April 1, 2019

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Colorectal Cancer Screening; Cancer Screening; Pragmatic Trial
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Digestive System Diseases; Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Digestive System Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Colonic Diseases; Intestinal Diseases; Intestinal Neoplasms; Rectal Diseases; Colorectal Neoplasms
• Other Study ID Numbers: UH3CA188640 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract); 1UH2AT007782-01 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No