An Open Label Demonstration Project and Phase II Safety Study of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Project PrEPare - An Open Label Demonstration Project and Phase II Safety Study of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use Among Young Men Who Have Sex With Men (YMSM) in the United States

Approximately 200 HIV-uninfected young men who have sex with men (YMSM) at high risk of acquiring HIV infection, ages 18-22 years, inclusive, will be recruited across all participating Adolescent Medicine Trials Units (AMTU). The behavioral intervention will be assigned at the level of the site, which include Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) and Personalized Cognitive Counseling (PCC). Subjects will first complete the behavioral intervention offered at their respective site and then be provided with open label emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir (TDF) (Truvada®) as PrEP. Behavioral and biomedical data will be collected at baseline and 0, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36 and 48 weeks. Any subjects who become HIV infected during the course of the study will be discontinued from the study agent and followed for an additional 24 weeks after the study visit at which HIV infection is confirmed. Those subjects who meet specific bone or renal criteria at the Week 48 visit or the 24-Week HIV Seropositive visit will be followed for an additional 48 weeks in the Extension Phase to monitor longer-term outcomes of potential concerns.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: HIV Infection
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF (Truvada®)); Behavioral: 3MV; Behavioral: PCC

Detailed Description

The primary objectives of the study are to provide additional safety data regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) use as PrEP in YMSM, to examine acceptability, patterns of use, rates of adherence, measure levels of drug exposure and patterns of risk behavior when YMSM are provided open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®). The study will also examine information regarding safety and efficacy of FTC/TDF (Truvada®) as PrEP from prior studies.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 200
• Phase: Phase 2

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • California
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90027
      • Children's Hospital of Los Angeles
  • Colorado
    • Aurora, Colorado, United States, 80045
      • University of Colorado - The Children's Hospital of Denver
  • Florida
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33101
      • University of Miami
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33606
      • University of South Florida
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60612
      • Stroger Hospital and the CORE Center
  • Louisiana
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
      • Tulane University
  • Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21287
      • Johns Hopkins University
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02215
      • Fenway Institute
  • Michigan
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201
      • Wayne State University
  • Pennsylvania
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38105
      • St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital
  • Texas
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • Baylor College of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 22 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Willing and able to provide written informed consent;
• Male gender at birth;
• Age 18 years and 0 days through 22 years and 364 days, inclusive, at the time of signed informed consent;

• Self reports evidence of high risk for acquiring HIV infection including at least one of the following:

  • At least one episode of unprotected anal intercourse with an HIV-infected male partner or a male partner of unknown HIV status during the last 6 months;
  • Anal intercourse with 3 or more male sex partners during the last 6 months;
  • Exchange of money, gifts, shelter, or drugs for anal sex with a male partner during the last 6 months;
  • Sex with a male partner and has had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) during the last 6 months or at screening;
  • Sexual partner of an HIV-infected man with whom condoms were not consistently used in the last 6 months; or
  • At least one episode of anal intercourse where the condom broke or slipped off during the last 6 months;
• Tests HIV antibody negative at time of screening;
• Willing to provide locator information to study staff;
• Willing to take pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP);
• Willing to participate in behavioral intervention;
• Reports intention not to relocate out of the Adolescent Medicine Trial Unit (AMTU) study area during the course of the study; and
• Does not have a job or other obligations that would require long absences from the AMTU study area (greater than 4 weeks at a time).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Appears visibly distraught or presence of active serious psychiatric symptoms (e.g., active hallucinations, suicidal, homicidal, or exhibiting violent behavior) at the time of consent;
• Intoxicated or under the influence of alcohol or other drugs at the time of consent;
• Any significant uncontrolled, active or chronic disease process that, in the judgment of the site investigator, would make participation in the study inappropriate. (Appropriately managed conditions, like well-controlled diabetes, would not preclude enrollment; the site is encouraged to contact the Adolescent Medicine Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions (ATN) 110 Protocol Team if they are having difficulty making the judgment.);
• History of bone fractures not explained by trauma;
• Acute or chronic hepatitis B infection as indicated by positive hepatitis B surface antigen (sAg) test at time of screening;
• Confirmed renal dysfunction (Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) < 75 ml/min, or serum creatinine ≥ upper limit of normal (ULN), or history of renal parenchymal disease or presence of only one kidney at time of screening;
• Confirmed ≥ Grade 2 hypophosphatemia at time of screening;
• Confirmed ≥ Grade 2 hematologic system abnormality (White Blood Count (WBC), Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC), hemoglobin, or platelets) at time of screening;
• Confirmed ≥ Grade 2 hepatobiliary system abnormality (Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or bilirubin) at time of screening;
• Confirmed proteinuria as indicated by urine dipstick result ≥ 1+ at time of screening, regardless of urine protein to creatinine ratio(UP/C);
• UP/C > 0.37 g/g at time of screening, regardless of urine dipstick protein result;
• Confirmed normoglycemic glucosuria as indicated by urine dipstick result ≥ 1+ in the presence of normal serum glucose (<120 mg/dL) at time of screening;
• A confirmed Grade ≥ 3 toxicity on any screening evaluations;
• Known allergy/sensitivity to the study agent or its components;
• Concurrent participation in an HIV vaccine study or other investigational drug study, including oral or topical PrEP (microbicide) studies;
• Use of disallowed medications ; or
• Inability to understand spoken English.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Prevention
• Allocation: Non-Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: PCC Behavioral Intervention Group; PCC Behavioral Intervention combined with open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) as PrEP	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF (Truvada®)); All subjects will be provided with daily FTC/TDF (Truvada®) as Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for 48 weeks.; Other Names: Truvada®; FTC/TDF; PrEP; Emtricitabine/tenofovir; Behavioral: PCC; Personalized Cognitive Counseling (PCC) is based on the Model of Relapse Prevention and Gold's Self-Appraisal of Risk Behavior. PCC is a 1-hour, single-session, individual level intervention administered by a trained counselor in a clinic setting. Counselors ask the client to recall and describe in as much detail, a recent encounter of unprotected anal sex with another man of unknown or sero-discordant HIV status. The client then identifies and expresses thoughts, feelings, or attitudes that might have led to the high-risk behavior. The client and counselor examine and identify thoughts that may have led the client to decide to engage in high transmission risk sex. The client and counselor agree on strategies that can be used to deal with similar situations in the future.; Other Names: Personalized Cognitive Counseling
Experimental: 3MV Behavioral Intervention Group; 3MV Behavioral Intervention combined with open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) as PrEP	Drug: Emtricitabine/tenofovir (FTC/TDF (Truvada®)); All subjects will be provided with daily FTC/TDF (Truvada®) as Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for 48 weeks.; Other Names: Truvada®; FTC/TDF; PrEP; Emtricitabine/tenofovir; Behavioral: 3MV; Many Men, Many Voices (3MV) is based on Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change. 3MV is a group-level intervention that addresses behavioral and social determinants and other factors influencing the HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk and protective behaviors of Men having sex with men (MSM) of color. The other factors include cultural, social and religious norms, racial identity and degree of connectedness to communities, HIV/STI interactions, sexual relationship dynamics, and the social influences of racism and homophobia.; Other Names: Many Men, Many Voices

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Participants With Serum Creatinine Event of Grade 1 or Higher	This measure addresses the objective: Additional safety data regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) use among HIV-uninfected YMSM Serum creatinine was tested at every study visit (Baseline through Week 48). The number of participants with a serum creatinine laboratory toxicity of Grade 1 or higher was assessed. Grade 1 (Mild) toxicity was defined as: 1.1 - 1.3 x ULN, where ULN is the Upper limit of normal.	48 Weeks
Number of Participants With Decrease in Absolute Bone Mineral Density (BMD) From Baseline to Week 48	This outcome addresses the objective "Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM." The total number of participants with dual-energy radiography absorptiometry scanning (DXA) data through Week 48 who experienced varying degrees of decrease in absolute BMD in at least one region (spine, hip, or whole body) between Baseline and Week 48.	48 weeks
Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density at Baseline and at Week 48	This outcome addresses the objective: Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM. Bone mineral density at Baseline and Week 48: data reported below for lumbar spine.	Baseline, Week 48
Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density at Baseline and at Week 48	This outcome addresses the objective: Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM. Bone mineral density at Baseline and Week 48: data reported below for femoral neck.	Baseline, Week 48
Total Body Bone Mineral Density at Baseline and at Week 48	This outcome addresses the objective: Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM. Bone mineral density at Baseline and Week 48: data reported below for total body.	Baseline, Week 48
Total Hip Bone Mineral Density at Baseline and at Week 48	This outcome addresses the objective: Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM. Bone mineral density at Baseline and Week 48: data reported below for total hip.	Baseline, Week 48
Number of Participants With Unprotected Sex Acts	This outcome addresses the objective "Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM," specifically behavioral disinhibition/risk compensation endpoints. Responses to the participant ACASI question referring to male partners in the past month/since the last survey: "Of these males (male partners), how many did you have unprotected oral or anal sex with in the last month?" (Baseline), or "Of these males (male partners), how many did you have unprotected oral or anal sex with since the last time you took this survey?" (Week 48) An event is defined as an answer of greater than 0.	Baseline and 48 weeks
Number of Sex Partners	This outcome addresses the objective "Additional Safety Data Regarding FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Use Among HIV-uninfected YMSM," specifically behavioral disinhibition/risk compensation endpoints. Responses to the participant ACASI question referring to number of male partners in the past month/since the last survey: "During the past month, how many male partners have you had sexual contact with (oral or anal)?" (Baseline), or "Since the last time you took this survey, how many male partners have you had sexual contact with (oral or anal)?" (Week 48) And responses to the participant ACASI question referring to number of HIV-positive male partners in the past month/since the last survey: "Of those you had unprotected sex with, how many did you know were HIV positive?"	Baseline and 48 weeks
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Size of the Pill	This outcome addresses the objective: Acceptability When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies. Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This question reports on how the participants felt about the size of the pill.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Taste of the Pill	This outcome addresses the objective: "Acceptability when YMSM are provided open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and information regarding the safety and efficacy of PrEP from prior studies" Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This specific outcome focuses on the question of how participants felt about the taste of the pill.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Color of the Pill	This outcome addresses the objective: "Acceptability when YMSM are provided open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and information regarding the safety and efficacy of PrEP from prior studies" Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This specific outcome focuses on the question of how participants felt about the color of the pill.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Taking the Pill Every Day	This outcome addresses the objective: "Acceptability when YMSM are provided open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and information regarding the safety and efficacy of PrEP from prior studies." Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This specific outcome focuses on the question of how participants felt about taking the pill every day.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Taking Part in the Study	This outcome addresses the objective "Acceptability when YMSM are provided open label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and information regarding the safety and efficacy of PrEP from prior studies." Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This specific outcome focuses on the question of how participants felt about taking part in the study.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About HIV Test at Every Visit	This outcome addresses the objective: Acceptability When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies. Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This question reports on how the participants felt about having an HIV test at every visit.	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Risk Reduction Counseling at Every Visit	This outcome addresses the objective: Acceptability When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies. Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This question reports on how the participants felt about having individual risk reduction counseling at every visit	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Questions About Sexual Behavior	This outcome addresses the objective: Acceptability When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies. Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This question reports on how the participants felt about being asked questions about sexual behavior at every visit	Week 12
Acceptability of PrEP: Distribution of Participant Feelings About Physician Exam	This outcome addresses the objective: Acceptability When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies. Acceptability of PrEP as measured by the acceptability assessment that includes questions on usability of PrEP, user-friendliness of the medication regimen, including an assessment of side effects and delivery format, and acceptability of behavioral intervention sessions. This question reports on how the participants felt about having a physician exam by a doctor	Week 12
Patterns of Use, Rates of Adherence and Measured Levels of Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) Drug Exposure	This outcome addresses the objective: "Patterns of Use, Rates of Adherence and Measured Levels of Drug Exposure When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies." PrEP medication levels were assessed via dried blood spot (DBS) collected at each visit to quantify intracellular TFV-DP and FTC-triphosphate concentrations. DBS results were translated into dosing categories previously used in PrEP trials with adult MSM. Dosing categories included below lower limit of quantitation (BLQ), lower limit of quantitation to 349 fmol per punch (fewer than 2 tablets per week), 350- 699 fmol per punch (2-3 tablets per week), 700-1250 fmol per punch (4 tablets per week), and >1250 fmol per punch (daily).	Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, Week 48
Measured Levels of Drug Exposure (DBS RBC FTC-TP) When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®)	PrEP medication levels were assessed via dried blood spot (DBS) collected at each visit to quantify intracellular FTC-triphosphate concentrations.	Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, Week 48
Measured Levels of Drug Exposure (DBS RBC TFV-DP) When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®)	This outcome addresses the objective: "Measured Levels of Drug Exposure (DBS RBC TFV-DP) When YMSM Are Provided Open Label FTC/TDF (Truvada®) and Information Regarding the Safety and Efficacy of PrEP From Prior Studies." PrEP medication levels were assessed via dried blood spot (DBS) collected at each visit to quantify intracellular TFV-DP concentrations.	Week 4, Week 8, Week 12, Week 24, Week 36, Week 48

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 1 of 10: "I Learned a Lot From This Workshop/Session."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 1 of 10: "I learned a lot from this workshop/session"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 2 of 10: "I Will be Able to Apply What I Learned From This Workshop/Session in my Life."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 2 of 10: "I will be able to apply what I learned from this workshop/session in my life"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 3 of 10: "I Was Given an Opportunity to Participate and Discuss Information With Others."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 3 of 10: "I was given an opportunity to participate and discuss information with others"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 4 of 10: "The Workshop/Session Was Well Organized."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 4 of 10: "The workshop/session was well organized"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 5 of 10: "The Topic of This Workshop/Session Was Interesting."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 5 of 10: "The topic of this workshop/session was interesting"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 6 of 10: "The Presenter(s) Stimulated my Interest in the Material."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 6 of 10: "The presenter(s) stimulated my interest in the material"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 7 of 10: "The Topic of This Workshop/Session Was Relevant to my Life."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 7 of 10: "The topic of this workshop/session was relevant to my life"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 8 of 10: "The Workshop/Session Was Enjoyable."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 8 of 10: "The workshop/session was enjoyable."	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 9 of 10: "I Would Recommend This Workshop/Session to Others."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 9 of 10: "I would recommend this workshop/session to others."	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Two Types of Efficacious Sexual Risk Reduction Interventions as Measured by Session Evaluation. Item 10 of 10: "I Felt Comfortable Participating in This Workshop/Session."	Study subjects were given a brief Session Evaluation Form at the end of the behavioral intervention session consisting of ten items on a 4-point response scale aimed at eliciting information about the subject's experience with the session (i.e., was the session interesting, was it relevant to their life, did they learn from the session). Item 10 of 10: "I felt comfortable participating in this workshop/session."	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (Age)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's age at enrollment.	48 weeks
Explore Potential Demographic and/or Behavioral Differences Between Youth Who Are Interested in Participating in a PrEP Study Versus Those Who Are Not. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared.		48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (Race, 5 Categories)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's race (5 categories)	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (Race, 2 Categories)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's race (2 categories)	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (Ethnicity, Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic or Latino)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's ethnicity, (Hispanic vs. Non-Hispanic or Latino)	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (BMI, Categorical)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's BMI (kg/m2), assessed categorically.	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (Log 10 Viral Load)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns the subject's viral load, assessed here as Log 10 Viral Load (copies/ml)	48 weeks
Demographic and/or Behavioral Difference Between Study Groups. Behavioral Disinhibition/Risk Compensation Endpoints Will be Compared. (High Risk Sex Acts)	Explores potential demographic and/or behavioral differences between youth who stay on PrEP compared to those who discontinue use. PrEP status (On/Off PrEP) is determined by whether a subject prematurely discontinued from the study agent or not. This item concerns whether the subject reported any high risk sex acts with a male partner, defined as an answer of greater than 0 to the question "Of these males (male partners), how many did you have unprotected oral or anal sex with since the last time you took this survey?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders: Number Using Text Messaging Reminders	Total number of subjects who signed up for text message reminders	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders: Number Discontinuing Text Messaging Reminders	Number of subjects who discontinued receiving text message reminders while they were still on the study agent	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 1: Away From Home)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Were away from home?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 2: Busy With Other Things)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Were too busy with other things?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 3: Simply Forgot)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Simply forgot?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 4: Too Many Pills)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Had too many study pills to take?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 5: Side Effects)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Wanted to avoid side effects?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 6: Others Notice)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Did not want others to notice you taking meds?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 7: Routine Change)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Had a change in daily routine?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 8: Study Pill Harmful)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Felt like the study pill was toxic/harmful?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 9: Fell Asleep)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Fell asleep/slept through dose time?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 10: Felt Ill)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Felt sick or ill?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 11: Felt Depressed)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Felt depressed/overwhelmed?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 12: Ran Out of Pills)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Ran out of study pills?"	48 weeks
Acceptability and Feasibility of Text Message Reminders as Measured by Subject Rating of the Reasons for Missing Medications on a 4-point Likert Scale. (Question 13: No Risky Sex)	Subjects were asked to rate various measures as "Never," "Rarely," "Sometimes," or "Often" the reason for missing taking study pills. Data shown for Week 48. Question: In the past month, how often have you missed taking your study pills because you: "Didn't think you needed it because you weren't having risk sex?"	48 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
• Collaborators: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD); National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• Investigators: Study Chair: Sybil Hosek, PhD, Cook County Health & Hospitals System

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Castillo-Mancilla J, Seifert S, Campbell K, Coleman S, McAllister K, Zheng JH, Gardner EM, Liu A, Glidden DV, Grant R, Hosek S, Wilson CM, Bushman LR, MaWhinney S, Anderson PL. Emtricitabine-Triphosphate in Dried Blood Spots as a Marker of Recent Dosing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2016 Oct 21;60(11):6692-6697. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01017-16. Print 2016 Nov.
• Havens PL, Perumean-Chaney SE, Patki A, Cofield SS, Wilson CM, Liu N, Anderson PL, Landovitz RJ, Kapogiannis BG, Hosek SG, Mulligan K. Changes in Bone Mass After Discontinuation of Preexposure Prophylaxis With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine in Young Men Who Have Sex With Men: Extension Phase Results of Adolescent Trials Network Protocols 110 and 113. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Feb 3;70(4):687-691. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciz486.

Helpful Links

• ATN Website

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: November 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): November 1, 2015

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 21, 2012
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 17, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): January 21, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 17, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 12, 2018
• Last Verified: December 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: HIV, PrEP, FTC/TDF, Truvada®
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: RNA Virus Infections; Virus Diseases; Infections; Blood-Borne Infections; Communicable Diseases; Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Lentivirus Infections; Retroviridae Infections; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes; Immune System Diseases; HIV Infections; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiviral Agents; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Retroviral Agents; Tenofovir; Emtricitabine; Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
• Other Study ID Numbers: ATN 110 Version 3.0

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No