Antithrombotic Triple Therapy in Humans

A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Analyst-blinded, Parallel Group Study to Investigate the Effect of Antithrombotic Triple Therapy With Ticagrelor and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Combination With Dabigatran or Rivaroxaban or Phenprocoumon on Markers of Coagulation Activation in Venous and Shed Blood in Healthy Male Subjects

Background:The acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a complication of coronary artery disease (CAD) and associated with increased mortality. Dual antiplatelet therapy of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) with P2Y12 receptor antagonists such as clopidogrel is a cornerstone in the treatment of patients with advanced CAD. Due to delayed onset of action, intersubject variability or resistance to clopidogrel, different platelet aggregation inhibitors have been developed. Ticagrelor is a reversible P2Y12 receptor antagonist with superior efficacy compared to clopidogrel in the prevention of cardiovascular death in these patients.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is also associated with thromboembolic events and substantial mortality. Beside vitamin K antagonists (VKA, phenprocoumon) for stroke prevention in patients with AF, the direct factor Xa inhibitor rivaroxaban and the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran have recently received approval for prophylactic treatment of patients with non-valvular AF.

However, there is a lack of efficacy or safety data for the combined impact of antithrombotic drugs in patients requiring arterial and venous thromboembolic prophylaxis due to their underlying co-morbidities.

Study objectives: To evaluate the effect of ticagrelor + ASA in combination with dabigatran, rivaroxaban or phenprocoumon at steady state on markers of coagulation activation. The effects on coagulation activation will also be studied after a single dose of dabigatran, rivaroxaban or ticagrelor and at a therapeutic INR of phenprocoumon.

Study design: A single-centre, prospective, randomized, controlled, analyst-blinded study in three parallel-groups. Subjects will receive ticagrelor + ASA in combination with dabigatran (treatment A), rivaroxaban (treatment B) or phenprocoumon (treatment C). All IMPs will be administered at doses indicated for stroke prevention in AF or ACS. Markers on thrombin generation and platelet activation will be studied in venous blood where coagulation is in resting state and in shed blood where the clotting system is activated in the microvasculature in vivo: prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin-anti-thrombin (TAT), β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), D-Dimer, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), CD40 ligand (CD40L), p-Selectin. Further, the endogenous thrombin potential (ETP), inhibition of factor Xa activity, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), Biophen® and Hemoclot® will be assessed in venous blood.

Study population: A total of 60 healthy, non-smoking and drug-free male volunteers will be enrolled in this trial and randomized into one of three balanced groups (treatment A, B and C; n = 20 per group).

Main outcome variables: β-TG, F1+2 and TAT in shed blood

Additional outcome variables:

• D-Dimer, TxB2, CD40L and p-Selectin in shed blood
• β-TG, F1+2, TAT, D-Dimer, TxB2, CD40L, p-Selectin, ETP, aPTT, PT, inhibition of factor Xa, Biophen® and Hemoclot® in venous blood

Risk/ benefit assessment:Total blood loss will be, dependent on treatment allocation, between 330 ml and 510 ml throughout the entire study period of 4 - 5 weeks. This amount of venous blood is considered to be acceptable in this healthy population. Blood sampling procedures may cause mild and transient pain. A minor haematoma may occur at the site of needle insertions. Bleeding time incisions may leave small persistent scars. Administration of the study drugs, in particular as triple combination for 5 days, results in transient hypocoagulability and may cause overt or occult bleeding. The risk is considered low in the healthy subjects under study. Continuous monitoring of safety parameters (haemoglobin, haematocrit, platelet count, coagulation) and surveillance of the overall status will be performed during study participation. Subjects will be instructed to avoid vigorous physical exercise and handling of hazardous machinery during study participation. ASA, dabigatran and rivaroxaban can cause gastrointestinal discomfort. Other side effects are rare.

The combination of these novel anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, ticagrelor) has not been investigated so far. Conducting this study in a healthy population limits potential bleeding risk reported from drug interactions and impaired liver or renal function, which may influence the pharmacokinetics and -dynamics of the investigational products.

This study can provide information on haemostatic system activation in vivo during triple treatment with antithrombotic drugs, which is indicated for patients with AF and ACS. The results of this study may provide dosing guidance for risk reduction of patients with ACS and AF.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Atrial Fibrillation; Acute Coronary Syndrome
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Dabigatran, Ticagrelor, ASA; Drug: Rivaroxaban, Ticagrelor, ASA; Drug: Phenprocoumon, Ticagrelor, ASA

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 60
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Austria
  • Vienna, Austria, 1090
    • Medical University of Vienna; Department of Clinical Pharmacology

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 40 years (ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Healthy male subjects; 18 - 40 years of age
• body mass index between 18 and 27 kg/m2
• Written informed consent
• Normal findings in medical & bleeding history
• Non-smoking behaviour

Exclusion Criteria:

• Regular intake of any medication including OTC drugs within 2 weeks before IMP administration
• Known coagulation disorders (e.g. haemophilia, von Willebrand´s disease)
• Known disorders with increased bleeding risk (e.g. peridontosis, haemorrhoids, acute gastritis, peptic ulcer, intestinal ulcer)
• Known sensitivity to common causes of bleeding (e.g. nasal)
• History of thromboembolism
• Impaired liver function (AST, ALT, GGT >3 x ULN, Bilirubin >2 x ULN)
• Impaired renal function (serum creatinine > 1.3 mg/dl)
• Any other relevant deviation from the normal range in clinical chemistry, haematology or urine analysis
• HIV-1/2-Ab, HbsAg or HCV-Ab positive serology
• Systolic blood pressure below 100 mmHg or above 145 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure above 95 mmHg
• Known allergy against test agents
• Regular daily consumption of more than on litre of xanthine-containing beverages or more than 40g alcohol
• Participation in another clinical trial during the preceding 3 weeks

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Dabigatran, Ticagrelor, ASA; Dabigatran 150mg td Ticagrelor 90 mg td ASA 100 mg od for 5 days	Drug: Dabigatran, Ticagrelor, ASA
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Rivaroxaban, Ticagrelor, ASA; Rivaroxaban 20 mg od Ticagrelor 90 mg td ASA 100 mg od for 5 days	Drug: Rivaroxaban, Ticagrelor, ASA
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Phenprocoumon, Ticagrelor, ASA; Phenprocoumon X mg to reach an INR of 2-3 on day 5 of triple therapy Ticagrelor 90 mg td ASA 100 mg od for 5 days	Drug: Phenprocoumon, Ticagrelor, ASA

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes of β-TG, F1+2 and TAT in shed blood	Changes from baseline β-TG, F1+2 and TAT concentrations in shed blood at 3 hours and 5 days (steady state condition) after study drug administration(s) will be assessed	Changes from baseline at 3 hours and 5 days after intervention

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Changes of D-Dimer, TxB2, CD40L and p-Selectin in shed blood; β-TG, F1+2, TAT, D-Dimer, TxB2, CD40L, p-Selectin, ETP, aPTT, PT, inhibition of factor Xa, Biophen®, Hemoclot® in venous blood	Changes from baseline secondary outcome parameters at (1 hour, 2 hours - if applicable), 3 hours and 5 days (steady state condition) after study drug administration(s) will be assessed	Changes from baseline at 3 hours and 5 days after intervention (shed blood parameters); changes from baseline at 1, 2, 3 hours and 5 days after intervention (venous blood parameters)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Medical University of Vienna

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Weisshaar S, Litschauer B, Gouya G, Mayer P, Smerda L, Kapiotis S, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S, Wolzt M. Antithrombotic triple therapy and coagulation activation at the site of thrombus formation: a randomized trial in healthy subjects. J Thromb Haemost. 2014 Nov;12(11):1850-60. doi: 10.1111/jth.12726. Epub 2014 Oct 16.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: October 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): May 1, 2013
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): July 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 9, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 13, 2013
• First Posted (ESTIMATE): March 18, 2013

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ESTIMATE): March 6, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 5, 2014
• Last Verified: March 1, 2014

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Myocardial Ischemia; Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Atrial Fibrillation; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Neurotransmitter Agents; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Enzyme Inhibitors; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists; Purinergic P2 Receptor Antagonists; Purinergic Antagonists; Purinergic Agents; Protease Inhibitors; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Antithrombins; Serine Proteinase Inhibitors; Anticoagulants; Ticagrelor; Rivaroxaban; Dabigatran; Phenprocoumon
• Other Study ID Numbers: ATTT-1.0