Manual Unloading of the Lumbar Spine: Can it Predict Responders to Mechanical Traction?

Manual Unloading of the Lumbar Spine: Can it Predict Response to Mechanical Traction? A Study or Reliability and Criterion Referenced Predictive Validity

This study will seek to determine if 1) the manual unloading test is reliable, and 2)if the immediate response to traction can be determined by using a simple unloading test in standing. The study wil be completed in two parts: 1) a small pilot sample (n=10) to asses both intra and inter tester reliability, and 2) a consecutive sample of 30 patients with low back pain which does not travel below the knee. All subjects will rate their pain on a 100 mm line both at rest and in their most painful direction of movement. A therapist will then unload the patients spine to determine if they feel any relief. All subjects will then undergo a 15 minute bout of intermittent lumbar traction, 30 sec on, 10 sec off at up to 50% body weight. Following traction, all subjects will again rate their pain on a 100 mm line. Subjects will be grouped by response to the initial manual unloading test and assessed for within and between group differences. The study hypothesis is that the manual unloading test is reliable, and that responders to mechanical traction can be accurately identified using a manual unloading test.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Low Back Pain
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: mechanical lumbar traction

Detailed Description

This study will consist of two distinct components. Part one will be a reliability study of manual unloading. Two therapists, both familiar with the technique of manual unloading as described by Kaltenborn17, will perform a manual unloading test, blinded to the previous results. Ten consecutive patients will be recruited from a sample of convenience at the University Of Connecticut Health Center Department Of Rehabilitation. This test will be repeated on the same subjects within 7 days of initial testing. Tests of agreement will then be applied to determine intra and inter-rater reliability.

Part two will consist of a trial of lumbar traction in a group of subjects with low back pain without radiculopathy, anticipated n=30. At the time of enrollment, all subjects will complete a standardized informed consent form, detailing all potential risks of the trail. Consent will include permission for demographic data to be obtained from the standard intake form, and kept in a de-identified form in a secure location. All subjects will complete a screening form, which will ensure that the potential subjects do not have any of the excluding factors present. Prior to enrollment, all subjects will complete a standardized medical history form (kept as part of the medical record for all patients), as part of standard departmental practice. Additionally, participants will complete a modified Oswestry questionnaire as well as two 100 mm visual analog scales (VAS), one indicating pain at rest, the other indicating pain in their most provocative test motion (flexion, extension, or side flexion of the lumbar spine). Subjects will then be tested with unloading in standing as described by Kaltenborn. This test involves the therapist applying a low grade lifting force to the patient in a standing position, testing for symptomatic alleviation via the elimination of compression on pain sensitive structures. Results of this test will be coded as (+) relief or (-) relief. Prior to traction application, subjects will undergo a standardized, comprehensive examination (standard of care), which will include screening for exclusion criteria (myotomal weakness, sensation changes, positive neural tension signs). All subjects will be weighed prior to traction application to determine treatment force to be generated. To aid in determining BMI, subjects will also have their height measured. The reference test will consist of a single application of mechanical traction, 15 minutes, 30 seconds on/ 10 seconds off, at 50% of body weight with the treatment table in the opened position, while positioned in a supine, hook lying neutral posture. Post traction, all subjects will repeat AROM measures, and complete a second pair of VAS to determine immediate effect of the intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 30
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • Farmington, Connecticut, United States, 06030
      • University of Connecticut Health Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• ages 18-75
• non-radicular low back pain (LBP)

Exclusion Criteria:

• tumor,
• fracture,
• infectious disorder,
• central nervous system involvement,
• presence of medical red flags,
• absence of LBP,
• radicular leg pain (below the knee),
• pregnancy,
• epidural steroid injection within 4 weeks prior to study involvement,
• previous back surgery,
• workers compensation involvement
• active litigation

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Diagnostic
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: manual unloading; All subjects will first undergo a manual unloading test, followed by a single application of mechanical lumbar traction to determine predictive effect	Other: mechanical lumbar traction; 15 minutes at up to 50% body weight lumbar traction in supine hooklying with split table open

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Time Frame
Change in Visual Analog pain scale in the most provocative movement	immediate post intervention (within 5 minutes following intervention)

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: UConn Health
• Collaborators: Andrews University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Isaac Moss, MD, UConn Health

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: May 1, 2012
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2012
• Study Completion (Actual): August 1, 2012

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 13, 2013
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 30, 2013
• First Posted (Estimate): January 1, 2014

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): January 1, 2014
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 30, 2013
• Last Verified: November 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: low back pain; traction; unloading
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Back Pain; Low Back Pain
• Other Study ID Numbers: Manual Unloading