Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients (NOACISP)

A Registry of Novel Oral AntiCoagulants and Vitamin K-antagonists In Stroke Patients - a Multi-center Audit Addressing a) Intracerebral Haemorrhage and b) Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients Treated With Oral Anticoagulants

The present study will monitor and explore acute neurovascular emergencies in patients treated with NOACs compared to those under treatment with VKAs. The primary aims of this study are: (1) To investigate characteristics, management and outcome of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients treated with NOAC compared to VKA. (2) To investigate the management and outcome of patients with acute ischaemic stroke under NOAC compared to VKA.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Ischemic Stroke; Intracranial Hemorrhages

Detailed Description

Background: For decades, oral anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) has been the sole option for the treatment of a variety of diseases like venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. Despite its clinical efficacy, the treatment with VKA is associated with multiple well-known limitations, including a significant risk of major hemorrhages (especially intracerebral hemorrhage), food and drug interactions, and the need for continued coagulation monitoring for dose control. Recent randomised controlled trials (RCT) have provided promising results with novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) that do not exhibit the limitations of VKA. Especially for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, NOAC have shown comparable or even better protective efficacy while causing less intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Eventually, this has led to the marketing approval of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban and Dabigatran for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation by the Swiss Health Authority (Swissmedic).

Even though the trials reported on the occurrence of acute ischemic strokes or intracerebral hemorrhages in patients under the treatment with NOAC, only limited data and few case reports have been published so far. Thus, aspects concerning the treatment decisions and concepts of management of acute ischemic stroke under NOAC were not addressed in these trials; in particular, the use of acute revascularisation therapies like intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or intra-arterial treatment (IAT) remains unanswered. Furthermore, characteristics, management and outcome of ICH under the treatment with NOAC were not addressed. Thus, information on relevant aspects of the management of acute neurovascular emergencies under NOACs remains scarce.

Aims: The present study will monitor and explore acute neurovascular emergencies in patients treated with NOACs compared to those under treatment with VKAs. The primary aims of this study are: (1) To investigate characteristics, management and outcome of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients treated with NOAC compared to VKA. (2) To investigate the management and outcome of patients with acute ischaemic stroke under NOAC compared to VKA.

Methodology: We launch an observational, multi-center (Switzerland and Europe) registry. The leading and coordinating center is located at the Stroke Center of the University Hospital Basel. The following groups of patients admitted to a Stroke Unit of one of the participating centers will be enrolled: A) Patients with ICH occurring while under the treatment with NOAC (last intake <48 hours) or VKA and B) Patients with acute ischaemic stroke occurring while under treatment with NOAC (last intake <48 hours) or VKA.

• Study Type: Observational
• Enrollment (Actual): 1050

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Basel, Switzerland, 4031
    • Stroke Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

• Sampling Method: Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

patients admitted to the Stroke Unit at the University Hospital Basel (leading and coordinating center).

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with ICH occurring while under treatment with NOACs (last intake <48 hours) or VKAs for any indication;
• Patients with acute ischaemic stroke occurring while under treatment with NOACs (last intake <48 hours) or VKAs for any indication.

Exclusion Criteria:

• The patient is, in the opinion of the investigator, unlikely to comply with the clinical study protocol or is unsuitable for any other reason.
• Patients <18 years of age

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Observational Models: Cohort
• Time Perspectives: Prospective

Number of groups / cohorts

2

Cohorts and Interventions

Group / Cohort
Intracranial hemorrhage; Intracranial hemorrhage occuring in patients on novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) or vitamin-K antagonists
Acute ischemic stroke; Acute ischemic stroke occuring in patients on novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) or vitamin K antagonists (VKA)

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Functional neurological outcome	modified Rankin Scale score at 3 month	3 month

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Hematoma expansion	hematoma expansion on follow-up imaging for patients with intracerebral hemorrhage	0-48 hours
symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage	symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke	7 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
• Collaborators: Swiss Heart Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Stefan Engelter, MD, Neurology and Stroke Center; Principal Investigator: Philippe Lyrer, MD, Neurology and Stroke Center

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Polymeris AA, Meinel TR, Oehler H, Holscher K, Zietz A, Scheitz JF, Nolte CH, Stretz C, Yaghi S, Stoll S, Wang R, Hausler KG, Hellwig S, Klammer MG, Litmeier S, Leon Guerrero CR, Moeini-Naghani I, Michel P, Strambo D, Salerno A, Bianco G, Cereda C, Uphaus T, Groschel K, Katan M, Wegener S, Peters N, Engelter ST, Lyrer PA, Bonati LH, Grunder L, Ringleb PA, Fischer U, Kallmunzer B, Purrucker JC, Seiffge DJ. Aetiology, secondary prevention strategies and outcomes of ischaemic stroke despite oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022 Jun;93(6):588-598. doi: 10.1136/jnnp-2021-328391. Epub 2022 Apr 8.
• Schaub F, Polymeris AA, Schaedelin S, Hert L, Meya L, Thilemann S, Traenka C, Wagner B, Seiffge D, Gensicke H, De Marchis GM, Bonati L, Engelter ST, Peters N, Lyrer P. Differences Between Anticoagulated Patients With Ischemic Stroke Versus Intracerebral Hemorrhage. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Jan 4;11(1):e023345. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.121.023345. Epub 2021 Dec 22.
• Seiffge DJ, Kagi G, Michel P, Fischer U, Bejot Y, Wegener S, Zedde M, Turc G, Cordonnier C, Sandor PS, Rodier G, Zini A, Cappellari M, Schadelin S, Polymeris AA, Werring D, Thilemann S, Maestrini I, Berge E, Traenka C, Vehoff J, De Marchis GM, Kapauer M, Peters N, Sirimarco G, Bonati LH, Arnold M, Lyrer PA, De Maistre E, Luft A, Tsakiris DA, Engelter ST; Novel Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Patients study group. Rivaroxaban plasma levels in acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Ann Neurol. 2018 Mar;83(3):451-459. doi: 10.1002/ana.25165. Epub 2018 Mar 3.
• Seiffge DJ, Traenka C, Polymeris AA, Thilemann S, Wagner B, Hert L, Muller MD, Gensicke H, Peters N, Nickel CH, Stippich C, Sutter R, Marsch S, Fisch U, Guzman R, De Marchis GM, Lyrer PA, Bonati LH, Tsakiris DA, Engelter ST. Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients with Stroke Taking Rivaroxaban Using Drug Specific Plasma Levels: Experience with a Standard Operation Procedure in Clinical Practice. J Stroke. 2017 Sep;19(3):347-355. doi: 10.5853/jos.2017.00395. Epub 2017 Sep 6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 1, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 1, 2021
• Study Completion (Actual): March 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: January 28, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 28, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): February 2, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): December 22, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 21, 2022
• Last Verified: December 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: rivaroxaban; apixaban; edoxaban; dabigatran; direct oral anticoagulants; vitamin K-antagonist; novel oral anticoagulants
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Cardiovascular Diseases; Vascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Brain Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Nervous System Diseases; Stroke; Ischemic Stroke; Hemorrhage; Intracranial Hemorrhages
• Other Study ID Numbers: EKNZ: 2014-027