A Mobile Behavioral Monitoring Intervention for Bipolar Disorder

This study will develop and pilot a smartphone intervention, LiveWell, to enhance patient self-management of bipolar disorder and facilitate more efficient, timely care delivery by mental health providers. The intervention uses a mobile application to collect daily self-report and continuous behavioral data and adapts intervention content to create a highly tailored and user-responsive treatment system. Patient data collected by the phone will also be provided to clinicians to allow for better evaluation and targeting of treatment. The goal is to reduce symptoms and prevent relapse in patients with bipolar disorder.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Bipolar Disorder
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: LiveWell System

Detailed Description

Bipolar disorder is a severe and chronic mental illness that significantly increases mortality and greatly impairs functioning. Despite the use of pharmacological treatments, multiple acute episodes, long episode duration, and significant inter-episode sub-syndromal symptoms are common in patients with bipolar disorder. As a result, patients with bipolar disorder are symptomatically ill about half the time. There is clear evidence that the addition of psychotherapeutic interventions to medication management improves treatment outcomes, yet only about half of bipolar patients receive combined treatment. Current therapies also have limitations in terms of: 1) reliance on subjective patient self report and 2) difficulties in identifying warning signs of impending episodes. Furthermore, direct measurement of observable daily patterns of behavior is not routinely available, even though alterations in sleep and activity are core symptoms of bipolar disorder. Improving access to and long-term engagement in psychosocial interventions is needed to substantially improve treatment.

The investigators are developing a smartphone intervention that aims to make proven psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder more readily and routinely accessible to patients as part of their day-to-day lives. The intervention, called LiveWell, will capture and feedback data about sleep and activity to assist patients in regularizing daily rhythms as well as help them monitor, recognize, and manage early warning signs of impending mood episodes. Behavioral and self-report data collected by the phone will also be used to provide clinicians with information regarding patient clinical status. This will increase patient-provider communication and allow for better evaluation and targeting of treatment.

Participation in the study will last 4 months. All participants will first undergo initial assessments that will include a telephone interview and a face-to-face interview with a certified study psychiatrist for the purpose of confirming diagnosis. Eligible participants will then be assigned randomly to the LiveWell or TAU group. Participants assigned to either group will be provided with a smartphone and wrist-worn device, and will be asked to carry the phones with them whenever they leave home and to wear the wrist-worn devices 24-hours a day 7 days a week. Participants assigned to the LiveWell intervention will be asked to undergo a 16 week psychosocial intervention consisting of phone-based self-monitoring and educational tools to help them learn skills to better manage symptoms. Participants assigned to the TAU group will be asked to provide limited self-report data on wellness and sleep. All participants, regardless of assigned group, will be asked to participate in assessments delivered over the phone to assess presence and severity of mood symptoms.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 14
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Northwestern University

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 65 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• DSM-IV diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder Type I.
• Minimum of 2 acute episodes in last 2 years.
• Receiving psychiatric care from a mental health provider willing to receive notifications and information regarding subject symptom status via the LiveWell system.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Not involved in current psychiatric care.
• Current substance use disorders or other psychiatric diagnosis or symptoms (e.g. dissociate disorder, psychotic symptoms) for which participation in this study is either inappropriate or dangerous.
• Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant.
• Visual impairments limiting mobile phone use.
• An inability to speak and read English.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: LiveWell System; For 16 weeks, participants will be asked to carry a mobile phone and wear a wrist-worn device for measuring activity. Participants in this arm will receive the psychosocial intervention via a smartphone and context-dependent feedback based on self-report and behavioral data. Providers whose patients are randomized to this arm will also be asked to enroll in order to receive information and notifications about patient status for the duration of the study.	Behavioral: LiveWell System; For 16 weeks, participants will be asked to carry a mobile phone and wear a wrist-worn device for measuring activity. Participants in this arm will receive the psychosocial intervention via a smartphone and context-dependent feedback based on self-report and behavioral data. Providers whose patients are randomized to this arm will also be asked to enroll in order to receive information and notifications about patient status for the duration of the study
No Intervention: Treatment As Usual; For 16 weeks, participants will be asked to carry a mobile phone and wear a wrist-worn device for measuring activity. Participants in this arm will be asked to provide limited self-report data via the phone.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Percent Time Symptomatic	Percent time symptomatic will be assessed using ratings that measure the presence and severity of manic and depressive symptoms.	Participants will be followed for the duration of the 16 week trial.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Northwestern University
• Collaborators: National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Evan H. Goulding, MD PhD, Northwestern University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): January 10, 2014
• Primary Completion (Actual): April 10, 2017
• Study Completion (Actual): April 10, 2017

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: March 27, 2015
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 31, 2015
• First Posted (Estimate): April 1, 2015

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 19, 2017
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 18, 2017
• Last Verified: April 1, 2017

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Bipolar Disorder; Smartphone; Behavior Therapy; Mobile Phone; Technology Assisted
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Pathologic Processes; Bipolar and Related Disorders; Disease; Bipolar Disorder
• Other Study ID Numbers: 1R34MH100460 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Undecided