Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial III (REMEDIALIII)

September 6, 2018 updated by: Carlo Briguori, Clinica Mediterranea

Renal Insufficiency Following Contrast Media Administration Trial III (REMEDIAL III): Renalguard System Versus Left-ventricular End-diastolic Pressure-guided Hydration in High-risk Patients for Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury

The urine flow rate (UFR)-guided and the left-ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)-guided hydration regimens have been proposed to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The REnal Insufficiency Following Contrast MEDIA Administration TriaL III (REMEDIAL III) trial is a randomized, multicenter, investigator-sponsored trial aiming to compare these 2 hydration strategies in high risk patients.

Patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or a high risk for CI-AKI (as defined according to both Mehran's score ≥11 and/or Gurm's score >7) will be enrolled. Patients will be divided in high (>12 mm Hg) and normal LVEDP, non-invasively estimated by transmitral flow velocity to annular velocity ratio (E/E' index). Patients in each group will be randomly assigned to 1) LVEDP-guided hydration with normal saline (LVEDP-guided group). The fluid infusion rate will be adjusted according to the LVEDP as follows: 5 mL/kg/hr for LVEDP <12 mmHg; 3 mL/kg/hr for 13-18 mmHg; and 1.5 mL/kg/hr for >18 mmHg. 2) UFR-rate guided hydration (RenalGuard group). In this group, hydration with normal saline plus low-dose of furosemide is controlled by the RenalGuard system, in order to reach and maintain a high (>300 mL/h) UFR. In all cases iobitridol (an low-osmolar, non ionic contrast agent) will be administered. The primary endpoint is the composite of CI-AKI (i.e., serum creatinine increase ≥ 25% and ≥ 0.5 mg/dl from the baseline value at 48 hours after contrast media exposure) and/or acute pulmonary edema.

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a powerful predictor of unfavorable early and late outcome. Hydration represents the cornerstone in CI-AKI prevention1. However, at present there is no consensus on how hydration should be carried out. The most recommended hydration regimen is normal saline infusion at 1 mL/kg/h 12 hours before and 12 hours after CM exposure. Limitations of this hydration regimen include 1) preclusion in urgent/emergent settings, and 2) suboptimal efficacy in high- and very high risk patients. Indeed, in high and very-high risk patients the rate of CI-AKI may be still high, whereas a forced hydration regimen may increase the risk of pulmonary edema.

In order to clarify how to carry out optimal hydration, 2 regimens have been recently proposed: 1) left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)-guided hydration and 2) urine flow rate (UFR)-guided hydration. The POSEIDON trial demonstrated that the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP)-guided hydration is superior to the conventional hydration regimen in preventing CI-AKI. In the LVEDP-guided hydration, the fluid infusion rate was adjusted according to the LVEDP as follows: 5 mL/kg/hr for LVEDP <12 mmHg; 3 mL/kg/hr for 13-18 mmHg; and 1.5 mL/kg/hr for >18 mmHg. The reported rate of pulmonary edema was 1.5%.

Another theory for CI-AKI prophylaxis suggests to induction and maintenance of a high UFR. This high UFR should allow the body to rapidly eliminate contrast media, reducing contact time within nephron. The RenalGuard™ System (PLC Medical Systems, Inc.) in combination with limited (0.25 mg/kg) dose of furosemide induces an maintains a high UFR (>300 mL/h) safely by maintaining the intravascular blood volume and minimizing the risk of over or under-hydration. Furthermore, the reported rate of pulmonary edema was <1%.

The purpose of the present study is to compare the LVEDP-guided hydration and the UFR-guided hydration in patients at high risk for CI-AKI.

Following enrollment, patients will be randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: 1) LVEDP-guided group, and 2) RenalGuard group. Enrolled patients will be stratified, according to the estimated LVEDP value, into high LVEDP and normal LVEDP group. LVEDP will be non-invasively estimated by the transmitral flow velocity to annular velocity ratio (E/E' index). Estimated LVEDP pressure >12 mm Hg will be considered high. Patients allocated in both groups will receive intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride for at least one hour prior to cardiac catheterization. In both groups the fluid rate will be adjusted according to the non-invasive LVEDP estimate as follows: 5 mL/kg/hr for LVEDP ≤12 mmHg; 3 mL/kg/hr for 13-18 mmHg; and 1.5 mL/kg/h for >18 mmHg, as suggested in the POSEIDON trial. Invasive LVEDP measurement will be also estimated in all patients by placing an angled 5 or 6-French pigtail catheter in the mid-cavity of the left ventricle at the beginning of the procedure and before contrast media injection in order to confirm the non-invasive estimated value.

The sample size was calculated to demonstrate the superiority of the RenalGuard therapy over the LVEDP-guided hydration regimen. The investigators expect a reduction in the primary composite endpoint from 9% in the LVEDP-guided group to 5% in the RenalGuard group. Using a two-sided Chi-square test with a significance level of 0.05, a total of at least 750 randomized patients (350 in each arm) afforded the study 80% power. The endpoints will be analyzed in the global population and also in the subgroups stratified according to the LVEDP value.

Serum creatinine, cystatin C, blood urea nitrogen, sodium and potassium will be measured the day before, 12, 24, 48 hours and 1 week after administration of the contrast agent; additional measurements will be performed in all cases of deterioration of baseline renal function. CI-AKI is defined as an increase of serum creatinine >=0.3 mg/dl at 48 hours after contrast media exposure.

Patient demographic details, medical history, current medication, eGFR, risk score for CI-AKI, and left ventricular ejection fraction are recorded at baseline. Total hydration volume administered according to the prophylaxis and during the 24 and 48 hours following the procedure as well as the total urine volume will be recorded. The pre-procedure sCr level is considered as the sCr concentration before the initiation of any prophylaxis. End-point data and adverse events are collected during the in-hospital stay and at 1-month. Six-month and 12-month MAE will be also collected. All adverse events are recorded in the case report form and the data coordinating center will be informed by facsimile within 72 hours of any events. Serious events and any other safety issues will be reviewed by an independent Data Monitoring and Safety Committee. All events will be adjudicated by a Clinical Events Committee (CEC), who is blinded to treatment assignment. At least 2 members of the CEC review clinical data and relevant documentation and determine whether end points have occurred according to the study definitions. In case of disagreement between reviewers, a third member of the CEC will adjudicate and the data will be considered by the entire committee if 2 of the 3 reviewers do not agree.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

700

Phase

  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years and older (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • All consecutive patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) scheduled for coronary and/or peripheral angiography and/or angioplasty with an eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and/or
  • At high risk for CI-AKI according to Mehran's score ≥11 and/or Gurm's score >7

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Age <18 years
  • Women who are pregnant
  • Acute pulmonary edema
  • Acute myocardial infarction
  • Recent contrast media exposure
  • End-stage CKD on chronic dialysis
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Current enrolment in any other study when enrolment in the REMEDIAL III would involve deviation from either protocol
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Administration of theophilline, dopamine, mannitol and fenoldopam

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: PREVENTION
  • Allocation: RANDOMIZED
  • Interventional Model: PARALLEL
  • Masking: DOUBLE

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
NO_INTERVENTION: LVEDP-guided group
Patients allocated to the LVEDP-guided group will continue to receive intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride, according to the protocol suggested in the POSEIDON trial (that is, 5 mL/kg/hr for LVEDP ≤12 mmHg; 3 mL/kg/hr for 13-18 mmHg; and 1.5 mL/kg/h for >18 mmHg). The fluid rate will be eventually modified at the start of the procedure in case of discordance between non-invasive and invasive LVEDP pressure estimate, being the invasive value considered as gold-standard. The fluid rate will continued during the procedure, and for 4 hours post-procedure.
EXPERIMENTAL: Renalguard group
Patients enrolled in this group will be treated by hydration with 0.9% saline controlled by the RenalGuard system. On top of the 1.5-5.0 ml/kg/h that patients would have received over the previous hour (according to the non-invasive estimate LVEDP), an initial bolus of 250 ml will be administered. In case of LV ejection fraction ≤30% and/or LVEDP >18 mm Hg the bolus will 150 mL. Therefore, furosemide (0.25 mg/kg) will be administered in order to achieve the optimal urine flow rate (≥300 mL/h). The controlled hydration by the RenalGuard system will be continued during the procedure and for 4 hours following the procedure. Urine flow rate is monitored and maintained at the target value through the procedure and during the following 4 hours. Additional furosemide doses are allowed in case of decrease of the urine flow rate below the target value.
Device: RenalGuard system™® (PLC Medical Systems, Inc. Franklin, MA, USA)
Patients in the RenalGuard group will be treated by hydration with normal saline controlled by the RenalGuard system™® (PLC Medical Systems, Inc. Franklin, MA, USA). The RenalGuard system includes a) a closed loop fluid management system; b) a high volume fluid pump, c) a high accuracy dual weight measuring system; d) motion detection artifact reduction; e) a single use intravenous set and urine collection system that interfaces with a standard Foley catheter; f) real-time display of urine and replacement fluid volume; g) a timely alerts to drain the urine bag or to replace the hydration fluid bag; f) and safety features such as automatic air and occlusion detection.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Composite of 1) development of CI-AKI, and/or acute pulmonary edema.
Time Frame: within 48 hours after contrast media exposure
The primary outcome measure is composite of 1) development of CI-AKI, and/or acute pulmonary edema. CI-AKI is defined as an increase in the serum creatinine concentration >=25% and >=0.5 mg/dl from the baseline value at 48 hours after administration of the contrast media or the need for dialysis
within 48 hours after contrast media exposure

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Creatinine change
Time Frame: 48 hours
an increase in the serum creatinine concentration >=0.3 mg/dl at 48 hours after contrast exposure
48 hours
Cystatin C change
Time Frame: 48 hours
changes in the serum cystatin C concentration at 24 and 48 hours after contrast exposure
48 hours
Dialysis rate
Time Frame: 5 days
the rate of acute renal failure requiring dialysis (defined as a decrease in renal function necessitating acute hemodialysis, ultrafiltration or peritoneal dialysis within the first 5 days post-intervention)
5 days
Major adverse event rate
Time Frame: 12 months
the rate of in-hospital, 6 and 12-month major adverse events (MAE), including death, renal failure requiring dialysis, acute pulmonary edema, and sustained kidney injury. Sustained kidney injury is defined as a persistent ≥25% GFR compared to baseline at the last available value during the follow up.
12 months
Length of in-hospital stay (LOS)
Time Frame: 30 days
the length of in-hospital stay (LOS), calculated as the sum of the number of days since admission until discharge from the hospital.
30 days
Impact of LVEDP
Time Frame: 48 hours
the occurrence of the primary endpoint in the 2 groups stratified according to the LVEDP
48 hours

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Clinica Mediterranea

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Carlo Briguori, Clinica Mediterranea

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (ACTUAL)

July 15, 2015

Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED)

December 1, 2018

Study Completion (ANTICIPATED)

December 1, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

June 8, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

July 2, 2015

First Posted (ESTIMATE)

July 3, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (ACTUAL)

September 7, 2018

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 6, 2018

Last Verified

September 1, 2018

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NCT004

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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