Conivaptan for the Reduction of Cerebral Edema in Intracerebral Hemorrhage- A Safety and Tolerability Study

April 15, 2020 updated by: Jesse Corry

The goal of this study is to preliminarily determine/estimate feasibility and whether frequent and early conivaptan use, at a dose currently determined to be safe (i.e., 40mg/day), is safe and well-tolerated in patients with cerebral edema from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and pressure (ICP). A further goal is to preliminarily estimate whether conivaptan at this same dose can reduce cerebral edema (CE) in these same patients. This study is also an essential first step in understanding the role of conivaptan in CE management.

Hypothesis: The frequent and early use of conivaptan at 40mg/day will be safe and well-tolerated, and also reduce cerebral edema, in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage and pressure.

Study Overview

Status

Completed

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

This is a single-center, open-label, safety and tolerability study. Based on findings in the literature from both animal research and clinical observations with ICH (intracerebral hemorrhage) associated with TBI (traumatic brain injury), this study will begin to look at the safety, tolerability, as well as potential effectiveness, of conivaptan to reduce CE (cerebral edema) in patients with non-traumatic ICH.

The seven patients in this study will receive 40mg/day of the study medication conivaptan. In this early phase study, our focus will be to assess the safety and tolerability of this medication. The available clinical data on conivaptan in the neurocritical care population suggest the potential harm is negligible. Data in TBI patients demonstrate conivaptan is safe and well tolerated using a single dose (20mg) to increase Na+ in a controlled fashion to reduce ICP. Previous work has demonstrated the safety and tolerability of conivaptan, in doses ranging from 20-80mg/day, in the neurocritical care population. Conivaptan has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in lowering ICP, and increasing serum sodium, in the neurocritical care population. Also noted have been improvements in cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and stable blood pressure, and a prolonged reduction in ICP. Finally, the method of intermittent bolus dosing of conivaptan is equally effective in raising and maintaining serum sodium in the neurocritical care population as continuous infusion, with potentially less risk of adverse reactions including phlebitis.

Conivaptan, a non-selective Arginine-Vasopressin (AVP) V1A/V2 antagonist that reduces aquaporin 4 production and promotes aquaresis, is approved for the treatment of euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia. The exact cause of the observed reduction in ICP with conivaptan is uncertain. However, the mechanism most likely represents a combination of an acute pure aquaresis, removing free water from brain tissue, and a sustained down regulation of aquaporin 4 to abate/slow development of CE. The V2 antagonism of conivaptan promotes free water loss, and the V1 antagonism may improve cerebral blood flow (CBF) and reduce blood brain barrier permeability. Notably, serum sodium tends to correlate inversely with both ICP and CE. The early use of conivaptan could potentially be used clinically to reduce CE by these means.

It is with this in mind, the research team feels justified in pursuing this study with the hopes that the data obtained will lead to potential good and removal of harm in future patients with this devastating disease. Given the enormous costs of ICH, problems with current therapies, and variability in treatment, there is an urgent need to identify a therapy that has a better safety and effectiveness profile compared to the currently used agents. This study will use a dose (40mg/day) currently approved. Further, given that the primary purpose of the use of this medication in this study is not to correct hyponatremia, an investigational new drug (IND) application to the FDA was submitted, and the study was determined exempt.

Our central hypothesis is that through reductions in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression, the early use of conivaptan will reduce CE while also being safe to the patient. Our long term goal is to show that early use of conivaptan in ICH will reduce CE. If this reduction is possible, we hypothesize improved outcome and reducing the need for rescue therapies, ICU length of stay, and overall treatment cost will follow. However, more data is needed to evaluate the dosing and amount of drug. With respect to conivaptan's efficacy in correction of hyponatremia, a direct dose-response relationship exists. Further, this effect was more noted at milder degrees of hyponatremia.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

7

Phase

  • Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Locations

  • United States
    • Minnesota
      • Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55102
        • United Hospital

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

19 years to 79 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Age >18 years old and < 80 years.
  2. Diagnosis of primary ICH > 20 cc in volume.
  3. Enrollment within 48 hours from initial symptoms.
  4. Signed informed consent from the patient or obtained via their legally authorized representative (if the patient is not able to sign the informed consent themselves). The patient's decisional capacity to either provide or refuse consent will be determined using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), which is being assessed at baseline and at 24 hours (+/-6hrs) after enrollment. A potential study participant with a GCS > 14 will be asked to provide their own initial study consent. A GCS ≤ 14 would indicate the need to pursue consent via legally authorized representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Current need for renal replacement therapy (RRT).
  2. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of <30 mL/minute at time of admission.
  3. Participation in another study for ICH or intraventricular hemorrhage.
  4. ICH related to infection, thrombolysis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma or tumor.
  5. Presence of HIV or active fungal infection that is known based on information in the electronic medical record (EMR).
  6. Continued use of digoxin or amlodipine (as recommended by the manufacturer due to cytochrome P450 3A4 "CYP3A" inhibition).
  7. Active hepatic failure as defined by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) >160 units/L and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) >180 units/L, or total bilirubin levels greater than four times normal levels (>4.8mg/dL).
  8. Serum Na+> 145 mmol/L (admission labs or any time prior to recruitment/enrollment).
  9. Unable to receive conivaptan based on contraindications indicated by the manufacturer.
  10. Pregnant or lactating females.
  11. Not expected to survive within 48 hours of admission, or a presumed diagnosis of brain death.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Conivaptan Treatment Group
All seven patients in this arm will receive conivaptan as described in Interventions.
Drug: Conivaptan

Patients will receive 20mg IV of the study drug every 12 hours equaling 40mg/day over 2 days (4 doses total), in addition to the standardized ICH management targets using the PI's version of standardized ICH management targets.Usual standard of care can include sedation and analgesia as needed, elevation of the head of the bed, mannitol and/or saline as needed to reduce ICP, and temperature control with antipyretics such as acetaminophen.

The conivaptan bolus (20mg), which is premixed with 100ml of 5% dextrose in water, is infused (peripherally) over 30 minutes, most commonly through an already placed central line.

Other Names:
  • Vaprisol

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Patient Tolerance of Conivaptan
Time Frame: Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment
The number of participants with abnormal seizure activity and/or abnormal lab values and/or increase in infection rate and/or any drug-related adverse events.
Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
In-hospital Mortality
Time Frame: Enrollment through hospital discharge, up to 3 weeks
All-cause deaths during hospitalization
Enrollment through hospital discharge, up to 3 weeks
Change in Cerebral Edema
Time Frame: Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment
Changes in cerebral edema (CE) as measured on CT. Goal is a -5 to -10% change in CE over time. Change will be measured both as absolute change in volume, calculated as the final volume minus the baseline volume measure and converted to a percentage of the baseline volume measure.
Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment
Cost
Time Frame: Enrollment through hospital discharge, up to 3 weeks
Cost as measured by length of stay in the neuro ICU.
Enrollment through hospital discharge, up to 3 weeks
Cost
Time Frame: Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment

Cost as measured by:

  1. Need for external ventricular drain (EVD)/bolt or surgical procedures (craniectomy, clot evacuation,VPS) for reduction/management of CE.
  2. Need for central venous lines, arterial lines, peripherally inserted central venous catheter (PICC) lines, tracheostomy/percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEGs).
  3. Number of patients requiring a ventilator.
Baseline to 168 hours post-enrollment
Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) Score
Time Frame: At discharge from ICU and from hospital, up to 3 weeks
Modified Rankin Scale (0 to 6) at discharge from the hospital. A score of 0 indicates no disability and a score of 6 indicates the patient died. Functional independence is defined as a score of 2 or less.
At discharge from ICU and from hospital, up to 3 weeks

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Jesse Corry

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Jesse J Corry, MD, Allina Health

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

March 22, 2017

Primary Completion (Actual)

February 12, 2019

Study Completion (Actual)

April 15, 2019

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

December 14, 2016

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

December 21, 2016

First Posted (Estimate)

December 22, 2016

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

April 17, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

April 15, 2020

Last Verified

April 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Keywords

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • NSJC-1601

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

Yes

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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