Open Lung Strategy, Gas Distribution and Right Heart Function in ARDS Patients

Open Lung Strategy, Gas Distribution and Right Heart Function in ARDS Patients: an Open Lung is a Better Heart

The goal of this interventional crossover study, in intubated and mechanically ventilated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) patients, is to compare two positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration techniques regarding: respiratory mechanics, gas exchange, changes in aeration, ventilation/perfusion matching its impact on cardiac function, especially the right heart (RH). The PEEP titration techniques are: PEEP selection based on low PEEP/high FiO2 table ("PEEPARDSnet") and lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) plus PEEPdec titration based on the best compliance of the respiratory system("PEEPLRM").

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Mechanical Ventilation Complication; Right Ventricular Dysfunction; ARDS, Human; Right Heart Failure; Lung Injury, Acute; Alveolar Edema
• Intervention / Treatment: Procedure: PEEP ARDSnet; Procedure: PEEP LRM

Detailed Description

A recent large observational study published on JAMA showed that Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high mortality and developed in 10.4% of 29,144 patients admitted to the intensive care unit from 50 countries across 5 continents. Mechanical ventilation is the cornerstone for lung treatment during ARDS. Lung protective ventilation improved ARDS outcome significantly. However, it is still unclear what method should be used to select levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).

In the current study proposal, the investigators hypothesized that, when ARDS lungs are recruitable, a lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) and PEEP titration ("PEEPLRM") improve ventilation/perfusion matching and decreased right heart workload when compared to the actual standard of care PEEP selection based on low PEEP/high FiO2 table ("PEEPARDSnet").

The investigators will test this hypothesis in an interventional crossover study.

50 patients with ARDS will be enrolled in a physiological and lung and heart imaging study.

The protocol is divided in the following phases:

A) "PEEPARDSnet": setting PEEP according to the ARDSnet table (low PEEP/ high FiO2)

B) Recruitability assessment sequence:

P-V curve tool (Hamilton ventilator): evaluate patient recruitability, among three criteria, two must be positive to consider a subject recruitable: (1) Presence of a lower inflection point (2) Linear compliance measured more than 2 times higher than the dynamic compliance (3) Increase in volume of more than 300mL during the descendant limb of the PV curve at a same given pressure (20 cmH2O)(Hysteresis property).

C)"PEEPLRM": LRM plus PEEP decremental trial guided by best compliance. Lung and heart response to "PEEPLRM": we will compare the driving pressure (DP) value (DP = Plateau pressure - PEEP) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) with the values at PEEPARDSnet. In the advent of an increased DP and/or new onset of abnormal values at the TTE, we will resume the PEEPARDSnet settings during the 48h follow-up phase.

Before and after the lung recruitment maneuver and decremental PEEP trial, we will collect:

1. Respiratory system mechanics
2. Lung volumes
3. Gas exchange
4. Hemodynamic parameters
5. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) ventilation and perfusion data
6. Transthoracic echocardiographic indices of RH function

Follow-up phase:

In 24 and 48 hours, if the subject did not present a negative response to "PEEPLRM" as described above , we will repeat the recruitment maneuver and the decremental PEEP trial and and we will collect:

1. Respiratory system mechanics (i.e. driving pressure)
2. Lung volumes
3. Gas exchange
4. Hemodynamic parameters
5. EIT ventilation and perfusion data
6. Transthoracic echocardiographic indices of RH function

before and after the aforementioned intervention.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 50
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
      • Recruiting
      • Massachussets General Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 85 years (ADULT, OLDER_ADULT)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• ARDS diagnosis within 72h after intubation
• Severe to moderate ARDS (PaO2 / FiO2 < 200 mmHg) with PEEP>5 cmH2O
• Presence of an arterial line
• Between 18 and 85 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

• Persistent systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg and/or >180 mmHg despite the use of vasopressor or vasodilators
• Increment in vasopressors over the past two hour just before enrollment of: more than 15 mcg/min for norepinephrine and dopamine, more than 10 mcg/min in epinephrine; and more than 50 mcg/ min for phenylephrine.
• Advanced lung disease confirmed by computed tomography findings
• Presence or history of pneumothorax
• Severe coagulopathy (INR ≥ 4)
• Severe thrombocytopenia (Platelets count ≤ 5,000/mm3)
• Usage of any devices with electric current generation such as pacemaker or internal cardiac defibrillator
• Recent esophageal trauma or surgery
• Known presence of esophageal varices
• Pregnancy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: TREATMENT
• Allocation: NA
• Interventional Model: SINGLE_GROUP
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

EXPERIMENTAL: PEEP_titration; There is no randomization in this interventional, crossover, physiological study. All participants will receive the same procedures in the same order. The investigators will compare two PEEPs ("PEEPARDSnet" vs. "PEEPLRM"). Interventions: PEEP ARDSnet: we will select the PEEP based on low PEEP/high FiO2 table (ARDSnet).; PEEP LRM: we will perform a lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) and select PEEP based on transpulmonary pressure.

Procedure: PEEP ARDSnet; PEEP settings based on the low PEEP/high FiO2 table; Procedure: PEEP LRM; A lung recruitment maneuver (LRM) followed by PEEP guided by transpulmonary pressure.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Driving Pressure (cmH2O)	The primary endpoint of this study is to describe the airways driving pressures (defined as Plateau Pressure minus PEEP) during "PEEP ARDSnet" and "PEEP LRM".	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet") and 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM") after the beginning of the study procedures

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Chest wall and lung elastances (cmH2O/L)	This exploratory outcome represents the respiratory system elastance. The respiratory system elastance (ERS = EL + ECW) is the sum of lung elastance (EL) and chest wall (ECW) elastance. In order to measure ERS, we will need airway pressure (measured by connecting the endotracheal tube with a pressure transducer) and pleural pressure (measured by placing an esophageal balloon connected to a pressure transducer, the esophageal pressure is a surrogate of the pleural pressure).	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Dead space (%)	This exploratory outcome is the volume (as a percent) of a breath that does not participate in gas exchange.The measure will be made using infrared absorption technology by a mainstream analyzer positioned distally to the Y piece and connected to a capnogram.	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Right heart function (Transthoracic Echocardiography)	Exploratory outcome	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Gas distribution, gas content, end-expiratory lung volume (using Electrical Impedance Tomography)	Exploratory outcome	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Ventilation/perfusion matching (using Electrical Impedance Tomography)	Exploratory outcome	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Blood arterial and central venous pressures	Exploratory outcome	1h (Phase A: "PEEP ARDSnet"), 2h (Phase C: "PEEP LRM"), 24h and 48h after the beginning of the study procedures
Days free of mechanical ventilation	Exploratory outcome	28 days
ICU length of stay	Exploratory outcome	28 days
Hospital length of stay	Exploratory outcome	28 days
Mortality	Exploratory outcome	28 days

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Massachusetts General Hospital
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Roberta De Santis Santiago, MD, PhD, Massachusetts General Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Talmor D, Sarge T, Malhotra A, O'Donnell CR, Ritz R, Lisbon A, Novack V, Loring SH. Mechanical ventilation guided by esophageal pressure in acute lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2008 Nov 13;359(20):2095-104. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0708638. Epub 2008 Nov 11.
• Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet. 1967 Aug 12;2(7511):319-23. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(67)90168-7. No abstract available.
• ARDS Definition Task Force; Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, Camporota L, Slutsky AS. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012 Jun 20;307(23):2526-33. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.5669.
• Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network; Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000 May 4;342(18):1301-8. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200005043421801.
• Lachmann B. Open Lung in ARDS. Minerva Anestesiol. 2002 Sep;68(9):637-42; discussion 640, 643. No abstract available.
• Kacmarek RM, Villar J, Sulemanji D, Montiel R, Ferrando C, Blanco J, Koh Y, Soler JA, Martinez D, Hernandez M, Tucci M, Borges JB, Lubillo S, Santos A, Araujo JB, Amato MB, Suarez-Sipmann F; Open Lung Approach Network. Open Lung Approach for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Pilot, Randomized Controlled Trial. Crit Care Med. 2016 Jan;44(1):32-42. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001383.
• Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T, Fan E, Brochard L, Esteban A, Gattinoni L, van Haren F, Larsson A, McAuley DF, Ranieri M, Rubenfeld G, Thompson BT, Wrigge H, Slutsky AS, Pesenti A; LUNG SAFE Investigators; ESICM Trials Group. Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):788-800. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0291. Erratum In: JAMA. 2016 Jul 19;316(3):350. JAMA. 2016 Jul 19;316(3):350.
• Slutsky AS, Ranieri VM. Ventilator-induced lung injury. N Engl J Med. 2014 Mar 6;370(10):980. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1400293. No abstract available.
• Borges JB, Okamoto VN, Matos GF, Caramez MP, Arantes PR, Barros F, Souza CE, Victorino JA, Kacmarek RM, Barbas CS, Carvalho CR, Amato MB. Reversibility of lung collapse and hypoxemia in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Aug 1;174(3):268-78. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200506-976OC. Epub 2006 May 11.
• de Matos GF, Stanzani F, Passos RH, Fontana MF, Albaladejo R, Caserta RE, Santos DC, Borges JB, Amato MB, Barbas CS. How large is the lung recruitability in early acute respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective case series of patients monitored by computed tomography. Crit Care. 2012 Jan 8;16(1):R4. doi: 10.1186/cc10602.
• Pirrone M, Fisher D, Chipman D, Imber DA, Corona J, Mietto C, Kacmarek RM, Berra L. Recruitment Maneuvers and Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Titration in Morbidly Obese ICU Patients. Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb;44(2):300-7. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001387.
• Fumagalli J, Berra L, Zhang C, Pirrone M, Santiago RRS, Gomes S, Magni F, Dos Santos GAB, Bennett D, Torsani V, Fisher D, Morais C, Amato MBP, Kacmarek RM. Transpulmonary Pressure Describes Lung Morphology During Decremental Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Trials in Obesity. Crit Care Med. 2017 Aug;45(8):1374-1381. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002460.
• Pinsky MR. My paper 20 years later: Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on right ventricular function in humans. Intensive Care Med. 2014 Jul;40(7):935-41. doi: 10.1007/s00134-014-3294-8. Epub 2014 Apr 24.
• Lansdorp B, Hofhuizen C, van Lavieren M, van Swieten H, Lemson J, van Putten MJ, van der Hoeven JG, Pickkers P. Mechanical ventilation-induced intrathoracic pressure distribution and heart-lung interactions*. Crit Care Med. 2014 Sep;42(9):1983-90. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000345.
• Matamis D, Lemaire F, Harf A, Brun-Buisson C, Ansquer JC, Atlan G. Total respiratory pressure-volume curves in the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1984 Jul;86(1):58-66. doi: 10.1378/chest.86.1.58.
• Demory D, Arnal JM, Wysocki M, Donati S, Granier I, Corno G, Durand-Gasselin J. Recruitability of the lung estimated by the pressure volume curve hysteresis in ARDS patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008 Nov;34(11):2019-25. doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1167-8. Epub 2008 Jun 25.
• Maggiore SM, Jonson B, Richard JC, Jaber S, Lemaire F, Brochard L. Alveolar derecruitment at decremental positive end-expiratory pressure levels in acute lung injury: comparison with the lower inflection point, oxygenation, and compliance. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Sep 1;164(5):795-801. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.164.5.2006071.
• Costa EL, Lima RG, Amato MB. Electrical impedance tomography. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2009 Feb;15(1):18-24. doi: 10.1097/mcc.0b013e3283220e8c.
• Frerichs I, Amato MB, van Kaam AH, Tingay DG, Zhao Z, Grychtol B, Bodenstein M, Gagnon H, Bohm SH, Teschner E, Stenqvist O, Mauri T, Torsani V, Camporota L, Schibler A, Wolf GK, Gommers D, Leonhardt S, Adler A; TREND study group. Chest electrical impedance tomography examination, data analysis, terminology, clinical use and recommendations: consensus statement of the TRanslational EIT developmeNt stuDy group. Thorax. 2017 Jan;72(1):83-93. doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-208357. Epub 2016 Sep 5.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): June 19, 2019
• Primary Completion (ANTICIPATED): April 1, 2023
• Study Completion (ANTICIPATED): August 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 26, 2017
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 26, 2017
• First Posted (ACTUAL): June 28, 2017

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): November 10, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 8, 2022
• Last Verified: November 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: ARDS; Esophageal Pressure; Right heart function; PEEP titration; Respiratory system compliance; Lung recruitment maneuver; Open Lung Strategy
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Heart Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Respiration Disorders; Lung Diseases; Wounds and Injuries; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Thoracic Injuries; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn; Acute Lung Injury; Lung Injury; Ventricular Dysfunction; Ventricular Dysfunction, Right
• Other Study ID Numbers: OLA-HEART

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No