Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Patients With Breast Cancer Oligometastasis (STOMP)

January 27, 2020 updated by: Elysia Donovan, Juravinski Cancer Center

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for the Treatment of OligoMetastasis in Breast Cancer Patients (STOMP): A Prospective Feasibility Trial

The purpose of this study is to evaluate feasibility to treat metachronous multi-site breast cancer oligometastasis with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in patients on systemic therapy.

Study Overview

Status

Unknown

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Patients who present with or develop metastatic breast cancer after initial therapy are typically considered incurable. Treatments offered are to relieve symptoms and are palliative in intent, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, biologics (e.g. trastuzumab for Her2 positive disease), bisphosphonates (for bone protection), palliative radiotherapy for symptom relief, and supportive care. Prognosis is guarded, with median OS estimated at 2-3 years, and progression free survival (PFS) approximately 9-12 months.

Based on research observing the natural history of breast cancer, it was discovered that some cancers have a predilection for spread to a limited number of sites and remain in these sites for a number of months before acquiring widespread malignant potential. This is defined as the oligometastatic state, and patients with up to five sites of disease are said to have oligometastatic (OM) cancer. A number of studies of systemic therapy in metastatic breast cancer have reported that patients with OM disease have a better prognosis compared to other patients with more widespread disease, and in particular in patients with bone-only metastastic breast cancer, outcomes may be better.

In the setting of OM disease in particular, local therapies could be considered. For example, metastatectomies have been adopted into clinical practice in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases and sarcoma lung metastases with encouraging long-term outcomes. In the case of metastatic breast cancer, there is less data to support a local therapy approach. Breast cancer patients in particular commonly present with metastatic bone, lung and liver disease. Some of these sites, for example bony or spinal disease, are not as easily amenable to surgical resection, and surgery itself can cause significant morbidity. In such patients, it would be desirable to consider a locally ablative therapy that is non-invasive, versatile (can treat multiple sites simultaneously); generalizable to patients of various performance statuses; have low rates of toxicity; and be proven to eradicate disease in treated areas.

Standard conformal radiotherapy (RT) is traditionally used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. The main indication for RT has been with palliative intent, and relatively low doses are used with the goal of symptom control. Higher RT doses given in 5-6 weeks (50-60 Gy/25-30 fractions) may improve local control (LC); however they are inconvenient and may be associated with increased acute toxicity. Over the past 10 years, due to technical advances in RT planning and delivery, the ability to precisely and safely deliver larger daily doses over shorter periods of time has developed, known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). This technique is defined by the Canadian Association of Radiation Oncology as: "The precise delivery of highly conformal and image-guided hypo-fractionated external beam radiotherapy, delivered in a single or few fraction(s), to an extra-cranial body target with doses at least biologically equivalent to a radical course when given over a conventionally fractionated (1.8-3.0 Gy/fraction) schedule". SBRT is a non-invasive method involving delivery of multiple small radiation beams from many angles with sub-millimetre precision, targeted to eradicate intracranial lesions. The goal is to use large ablative doses to achieve permanent tumour control with 1-6 fractions of 5-20 Gy per fraction. Ultimately this represents a philosophical shift in treating a metastatic site with locally "ablative" doses of radiation in a safe, effective, and convenient fashion.

There is growing evidence to support the safety and efficacy of SBRT to many single organ sites, and literature reviews demonstrate LC of 70-90% in OM sites at 1-2 years. A recent systematic review of the literature of ablative therapies in metastatic breast cancer (including SBRT) revealed significant heterogeneity in observed studies, and no clearly definable subgroups that may benefit, with the exception of patients who had complete ablation of their residual disease. The conclusion from this study was that further clinical trials were necessary to demonstrate benefit of ablative therapies as compared to standard treatment in breast OM.

Therefore, while SBRT has been used safely and effectively to treat OM evidence suggests there is still a need in better characterizing the role of SBRT with respect to local control, freedom from distant progression and potentially survival. The investigators believe that patients with metastatic breast cancer are likely to benefit from SBRT for a number of reasons: 1) a significant portion of patients develop OM disease; 2) the most common breast OM sites including bone, liver and lung are amenable to SBRT; 3) with improvements in systemic therapy, there is a high probability that microscopic (non-clinically evident) metastatic disease will be controlled, so that additional local therapy may be synergistic and improve local control and symptom development in the future. Notwithstanding these factors, SBRT to bony and other sites is rarely used in metastatic breast cancer patients in Canada for several reasons: there is a gap in knowledge regarding the potential role of SBRT in these patients, a current pattern of referrals and triage for more traditional palliative treatments, and lack of standardized protocols to treat, assess response and follow these patients. The investigators propose a feasibility study, which addresses these issues in patients with OM breast cancer to bony and visceral sites, which may provide the background foundation for future research and patient care. The study aims to address not only feasibility, but local control, survival, toxicity, and quality of life.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

30

Phase

  • Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

  • Name: Elysia Donovan, MD,FRCPC
  • Phone Number: 9053879495
  • Email: donovane@hhsc.ca

Study Locations

  • Canada
    • Ontario
      • Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8V5C2
        • Recruiting
        • Juravinski Cancer Centre
        • Contact:
          • Elysia K Donovan, MD, FRCPC
          • Phone Number: 905-387-9495
          • Email: donovane@hhsc.ca
        • Contact:

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

16 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Diagnosis of newly metastatic breast cancer with a disease-free interval of at least six months from initial completion of primary breast cancer (stage I-III) treatment (including net-adjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy, but excluding hormonal or targeted therapies).

    Adequate definitive primary treatment is required, including partial or complete mastectomy, standard partial breast, whole breast or loco-regional radiotherapy, with or without hormonal therapy or chemotherapy. Note patients must be offered systemic therapy prior to radiotherapy, if deemed fit for treatment. Systemic therapy (including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, or targeted therapy may have been initiated within the previous 12 months, or commence following SBRT. Alternatively patients may develop breast OM while on any adjuvant hormonal therapy provided at least six months have passed since definitive local treatment or chemotherapy;

  2. No more than 12 months may have passed since diagnosis of OM disease;
  3. Total burden of disease limited to 5 metastatic sites or less, and the size of each metastatic lesion must be less than 5 centimeters;
  4. All lesions amenable to SBRT (lesions may overlap if treatable at discretion of Radiation Oncologist).

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Previous radiotherapy to same site or vicinity preventing definitive SBRT (eg. within 5 cm);
  2. Unacceptable fracture risk according to clinician judgement for bone lesions;
  3. Brain metastasis, spinal cord compression, superior vena cava obstruction;
  4. Bone lesions inside the femoral head/neck;
  5. Patients refusing or deemed ineligible for systemic (chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or targeted therapy);
  6. History of major radiosensitivity syndrome or contraindications to radiotherapy;
  7. Second invasive malignancy within the past 3 years (excluding non-melanomatous skin cancer);
  8. Inability to lie supine for 60 minutes of treatment;
  9. Currently pregnant or lactating;
  10. Psychiatric or addictive disorders precluding informed consent or adherence to protocol;
  11. Geographic inaccessibility for follow-up;
  12. Performance status Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 3 or worse;
  13. Inadequate organ function: complete blood count, liver function tests including albumin, bilirubin and International nominalized ratio (INR) (for liver SBRT);
  14. Less than 18 years of age.

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: N/A
  • Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
  • Masking: None (Open Label)

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Systemic therapy plus SBRT to OM
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) up to 5 OM sites
Radiation: Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy
Five fraction SBRT (or two fraction in case of spine) to any sites of breast cancer oligometastasis using robotic radio surgery or linear accelerator based SBRT

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Technical feasibility of planning SBRT to multiple sites
Time Frame: Two weeks from consent
Successful planning and delivery of SBRT to multiple sites, defined by covering 95% of target volume with 95% of prescribed dose, while keeping within established normal tissue constraints for 2, 3, 5 fraction SBRT.
Two weeks from consent

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Toxicity: Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events [safety and tolerability] as assessed by CTCAE 4.0
Time Frame: One week, 3,6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events [safety and tolerability] as assessed by CTCAE 4.0
One week, 3,6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
Feasibility of patient accrual: Successful accrual of 30 patients to study
Time Frame: At 12 months from study initiation
Successful accrual of 30 patients to study
At 12 months from study initiation
Local Control: CT scan or MRI as assessed by RECIST criteria 1.1
Time Frame: 3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
CT scan or MRI as assessed by RECIST criteria 1.1
3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
Progression Free Survival (PFS)
Time Frame: 3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
CT scan or MRI as assessed by RECIST criteria 1.1
3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
Overall Survival (OS)
Time Frame: 3, 6 12 months from SBRT treatment
OS in months censored at last follow up
3, 6 12 months from SBRT treatment
Quality of Life defined by EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire core-30
Time Frame: One week, 3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment
Patient-reported, defined by EORTC Quality of Life Questionnaire core-30
One week, 3, 6, 12 months from SBRT treatment

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Juravinski Cancer Center

Collaborators

Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre

Investigators

  • Principal Investigator: Anand Swaminath, MD,FRCPC, McMaster University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Actual)

January 1, 2018

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

April 1, 2020

Study Completion (Anticipated)

April 1, 2021

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

September 7, 2017

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

September 27, 2017

First Posted (Actual)

September 28, 2017

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

January 29, 2020

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

January 27, 2020

Last Verified

January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 3764

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

Undecided

IPD Plan Description

De-identified patient data may be shared with other participating centres (Odette Sunnybrook Cancer Centre)

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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