The Effectiveness of Multimedia Education for Patients With Type 2 Diabe Mellitus

Multimedia Education on Knowledge, Injection Skill, Insulin Injection Self-efficacy, Injection Performance Rate, Educational Satisfaction, Nursing Hours, and Biophysical Indicators

A total of 72 type 2 diabetes who began insulin therapy using a pen injector participated in this study. The experimental (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups received multimedia and regular health education program. Four structured questionnaires were used, and videotapes were applied to demonstrate injection skills.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus; Insulin; Education
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: multimedia health education; Behavioral: regular health education

Detailed Description

To explore the effectiveness of two types health education on knowledge in diabetes and insulin injection, skills in insulin injection, self-efficacy in insulin injection, injection performance rate, satisfaction with health education,nursing hours, and biophysical indicators among the type 2 diabetes who began insulin therapy using a pen injector.With a repeated measures experimental study design, a total of 72 type 2 diabetes who began insulin therapy using a pen injector participated in this study. The experimental (n = 36) and control (n = 36) groups received multimedia and regular health education program. Four structured questionnaires were used, and videotapes were applied to demonstrate injection skills.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 72
• Phase: Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 30 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
2. First received insulin injection with Lantus, Levemir or Novomix.
3. Ability to communicate in Mandarin or Taiwanese.
4. Ability to self-inject insulin.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cognitive impairment or dementia, inability to manage self-care.
2. Severe or unstable medical conditions.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: multimedia health education; The program (flat touch computer) consisted of knowledge and technology levels. Knowledge: diabetic introduction, treatment, management of hyper- and hypoglycemia, complications, and experience sharing of insulin injection by a patient group. Technology: steps of insulin injection skills and complete technology demonstration . The program contents were organized using a unit-based piecemeal teaching approach. Participants could adjust their learning pace according to individual situations and could practice injection skills using an injection mold during hospitalization. A diabetes educator has assessed the learning outcome of each participant after intervention. At the day of discharge from hospital, each participant would acquire a copy of the multimedia health education compact disc.	Behavioral: multimedia health education; The program (flat touch computer) consisted of knowledge and technology levels. Knowledge: diabetic introduction, treatment, management of hyper- and hypoglycemia, complications, and experience sharing of insulin injection by a patient group. Technology: steps of insulin injection skills and complete technology demonstration . The program contents were organized using a unit-based piecemeal teaching approach. Participants could adjust their learning pace according to individual situations and could practice injection skills using an injection mold during hospitalization. A diabetes educator has assessed the learning outcome of each participant after intervention. At the day of discharge from hospital, each participant would acquire a copy of the multimedia health education compact disc.
Active Comparator: regular health education; The regular (traditional) education program (a diabetes educator) consisted of knowledge and technology levels. Knowledge: diabetic introduction, treatment, management of hyper- and hypoglycemia, and complications. Technology: steps of insulin injection skills and complete technology demonstration.	Behavioral: regular health education; The traditional education program (a diabetes educator) consisted of knowledge and technology levels. Knowledge: diabetic introduction, treatment, management of hyper- and hypoglycemia, and complications. Technology: steps of insulin injection skills and complete technology demonstration.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
diabetes and insulin injection related knowledge scale	The 20-item diabetes and insulin injection related knowledge scale consists of 4 domains: brief introduction to diabetes, precautions for diabetes medications and insulin injection, management of hyper- and hypoglycemia, and complications of diabetes. Total scores ranged from 0 to 20. Higher scores represent a better outcome.	Change from Baseline diabetes and insulin injection related knowledge to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
insulin injection skills scale	The insulin injection skills scale was rated by a certified diabetes educator according to each participant's performance on the 12 steps of operating a prefilled pen injector (12 items; scores ranged from 0 to 12) and the 10 steps of operating a disposable pen injector (10 items; scores ranged from 0 to 10 ). Participants scored 1 point for each correct operation and 0 points for each incorrect operation. Higher scores represent a better outcome.	Change from Baseline insulin injection skills to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
self-efficacy in insulin injection scale	The 10-item self-efficacy in insulin injection scale was modified based on the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Total scores ranged from 10 to 50. Higher scores represent a better outcome.	Change from Baseline self-efficacy in insulin injection to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
The health education satisfaction scale	The 10 items health education satisfaction scale consisted of 10 items, with total scores ranging from 10 to 50. Higher scores represent a better outcome.	Change from the day prior to discharge satisfaction with health education to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
nursing hours	The nursing hours were calculated by adding up the total time spent by the diabetes educator instructing each participant to perform insulin injection.	Through intervention to the day prior to discharge from hospital, an average of 1 week

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
glycated hemoglobin(HbA1C)	Record the concentration of HbA1C (%) from the lab data in medical record	Change from Baseline HbA1C to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
blood creatinine	Record the concentration of blood creatinine (mg/dl) from the lab data in medical record	Change from Baseline blood creatinine to the thirteenth week after discharge from hospital
insulin performance rate	The rate of insulin injection at home	Change from the first week after discharge insulin performance rate from hospital to the thirteenth week after discharge

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital
• Investigators: Study Director: Mei-Chuan Huang, PHD, National Tainan Junior College of Nursing

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 16, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 31, 2014
• Study Completion (Actual): August 31, 2014

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 28, 2018
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 1, 2018
• First Posted (Actual): November 2, 2018

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 2, 2018
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 1, 2018
• Last Verified: August 1, 2013

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
• Other Study ID Numbers: KMUH-IRB-20130146

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No