Throwers Ten Exercises On Upper Extremity Function and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball Players

The Effect of Thrower's Ten Exercise Programme On Upper Extremity Muscle Power, Range of Motion and Explosive Power in Wheelchair Basketball and Basketball Players

Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning. Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use.

Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.

Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes.

In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Muscle Weakness; Shoulder Pain; Sport Injury; Upper Extremity Injury
• Intervention / Treatment: Other: The effect of throwers ten exercise programme on wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players

Detailed Description

Basketball is a challenging sport that requires participants to demonstrate physical fitness and special athletic skills at high levels. Players avoid contact while attempting to prevent the opponent from running, passing and shooting. Although basketball includes avoiding contact as a rule, contact between players is inevitable. Various injuries occur in basketball because it is a contact sport and includes sudden movements, such as bouncing, running and turning.

Wheelchair (WC) basketball is characterised by manoeuvres and high-intensity activities such as rolling, rebounding, passing and overhead shooting. In WC basketball players, thoracic kyphosis is increased because of atrophy of the upper back and shoulders muscles resulting from the body posture required for WC propulsion in the sitting position as well as the effect of gravity. This sitting posture is characterised by scapular protraction and internal rotation of the humerus, and it impedes shoulder movements during upper-extremity use. The force balance changes because of humeral internal rotation and scapular protraction, and the internal rotator and adductor muscles become stronger than their antagonists. In basketball, throwing and pushing are used to pass the ball to the target. In throwing, the force of the dominant upper extremity comes into play with the internal rotation of the humerus. In this movement, the humerus is almost horizontal and parallel to the ground.

Increased use of the upper extremities in WC users increases upper-extremity load. For this reason, upper-extremity muscle strength, endurance and explosive power are of great importance. Rotational muscle strength of the shoulder has critical roles in activities specific to basketball as well as WC control in WC basketball players.

Overhead throwing is a movement that involves high speed and repetitive movement that leads to upper-extremity injuries. It is important to develop muscle strength and proprioception to protect against these injuries.

Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion (ROM) or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In a study conducted by Wilk et al., it was reported that muscle strength and endurance were improved by increasing muscle activation and facilitation, and achieving dynamic stabilisation by adding isometric contractions to the concentric/eccentric contractions applied in the Throwers Ten exercise programme.

In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in these sports groups. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme on upper-extremity function and explosive power in the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players. In addition, because the WC basketball players and stand-up basketball players were evaluated in this study, our secondary aim was to elucidate the differences in responses to the exercise programme between a group without lower-extremity use and incomplete strength distribution and a group with complete strength distribution.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 28
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Cyprus
  • Lefkoşa
    • Nicosia, Lefkoşa, Cyprus, Mersin10Turkey
      • Mehmet Reis Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years to 60 years (Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Asymptomatic athletes
• Professional athlete who plays at least 10 years
• Subjects who are voluntary to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Upper extremity related surgery in past 6 months
• Rotator cuff tears in past 3 months
• Current pain in shoulder and neck

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Other
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Single Group Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Intervention / Treatment

Other: Wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players; 13 players from the North Cyprus wheelchair Basketball Team and 15 players from the Koop Bank Basketball Men's Team voluntarily will participate in the study. Subjects will include to study if they fulfil criteria. Athletes will involve in 8 weeks Thrower's Ten exercise program. After 8. Weeks and 12. Weeks assessments will be repeated.

Other: The effect of throwers ten exercise programme on wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players; Throwers Ten exercise programme is a programme designed to improve the power, strength and endurance of large muscle groups required for the throwing activity. It consists of exercises involving the movement of upper limb joints in full range of joint motion or at specified specific angles, with the help of a resistance band and weights specific to individual athletes. In the literature, no study has demonstrated the effectiveness of Throwers Ten exercise programme in wheelchair basketball and ambulant basketball players.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Measurement of Muscle Strength (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	The strength of shoulder flexion, abduction, external rotation (E.R), internal rotation(İ.R) and elbow flexion will measure as isometric muscle strength in kg by J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Isometric Muscle Test.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.
Medicine Ball Throwing Test (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	In this test, the distance that a 3-kg ball can be thrown will measure to assess upper-extremity explosive strength. The test will conduct in two different positions. In the first test, the participant will seat in a chair of sufficient height without armrests so that the scapula will be in a free position. The ball is then grasp with both hands and throw forward overhead, and the distance will record. In the second test, the participant is in the same starting position and throw the ball forward with two hands after bringing it to the chest level, and the distance will record.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.
Hand Grip Test (Absolute Value Are Being Reported)	Hand-grip strength will measure with a J-Tech Medical/USA Tracker Freedom Grip in kg.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Measurement of Range of Motion (Absolute Values Are Being Reported)	Shoulder flexion, abduction and external rotation (E.R), internal rotation (İ.R) range of movement will measure in degrees by J-Tech Medical/US Tracker Freedom Goniometer.	All measurements will repeat three times at 5-s intervals and the mean value will be taken. Baseline, 8 and 12 Weeks reported.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Hacettepe University
• Investigators: Study Director: Volga Bayrakcı Tunay, Hacettepe University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): July 1, 2019
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 20, 2019
• Study Completion (Actual): November 21, 2019

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 7, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 11, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): July 15, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): April 8, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: April 2, 2020
• Last Verified: February 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Exercise; Basketball; Sports for Persons with Disabilities
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Neurologic Manifestations; Joint Diseases; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Manifestations; Arthralgia; Muscle Weakness; Wounds and Injuries; Shoulder Pain; Athletic Injuries; Arm Injuries
• Other Study ID Numbers: GO15/204

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: Yes
• IPD Plan Description: IPD data for all primary and secondary measures will be made available.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: Data will be available within 1 year of study completion.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Data access requests will be reviewed by an external İndependent Review Panel. Requestors will be required to sign a Data Access Agreement.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: Study Protocol; Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP); Informed Consent Form (ICF); Clinical Study Report (CSR); Analytic Code

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No