A Study of the Drugs AGN-242428 and AGN-231868 in Participants With Dry Eye Disease

A Multicenter, Vehicle-controlled, Double-Masked, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Exploratory Efficacy of AGN-242428 and AGN-231868 in Participants With Dry Eye Disease

This was a 2-stage study in which Stage 1 evaluated the safety of AGN-242428 and AGN-231868, how well they are tolerated, and how they move through the body when administered. After the sponsor's determination of adequate safety and tolerability of the interventions in Stage 1, Stage 2 began. Stage 2 also evaluated the safety and tolerability of AGN-242428 and AGN-231868, how effective they are in treating dry eye disease (DED), and assessed the plasma and tear exposure of both ophthalmic solutions.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Dry Eye Syndrome; Dry Eye Disease
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: AGN-242428; Drug: AGN-231868; Other: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Other: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Drug: Lifitegrast 5% Ophthalmic Solution

Detailed Description

Participants with DED in Cohort 1A were randomized 3:3:1:1 to receive AGN-242428 (Low Dose), AGN-231868 (Low Dose), or their respective vehicles (4 treatment groups total) to the left eye on Day 1 (Visit 2). If there were no significant study drug-related safety findings, starting on Day 2, participants administered the same randomized study drug twice daily to both eyes through Day 14, followed by a single dose administration to both eyes on Day 15 (Visit 5).

Upon completion of Cohort 1A, an independent data monitoring committee reviewed the data before proceeding to the next cohort. Cohort 1B participants were randomized 3:3:1:1 to receive AGN-242428 (High Dose), AGN-231868 (High Dose), or their respective vehicles (4 treatment groups total) and followed the same dosing regimen used in Cohort 1A.

All subjects enrolled in Stage 2 had DED. In addition, subjects were selected based on their response to a controlled adverse environment (CAE). Only subjects with DED who responded to the CAE exposure with an increase in the signs and symptoms of DED were enrolled in Stage 2.

During Stage 2, participants were randomized in a 1:1:1:1:1 ratio (within each site), to receive AGN-242428 (High Dose), AGN-242428 vehicle, AGN-231868 (High Dose), AGN-231868 vehicle, or Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution (Xiidra). Participants administered the assigned study drug in each eye twice daily for 41 days, followed by a single administration during the morning on Day 42.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 292
• Phase: Phase 2; Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85032
      • Cornea and Cataract Consultants of Arizona /ID# 232769
  • California
    • Newport Beach, California, United States, 92663-3637
      • The Eye Research Foundation /ID# 232696
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80907-7529
      • Vision Institute Central /ID# 239910
  • Kentucky
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40206
      • The Eye Care Institute /ID# 232683
  • Massachusetts
    • Andover, Massachusetts, United States, 01810
      • Andover Eye Associates /ID# 232689
  • North Carolina
    • Shelby, North Carolina, United States, 28150
      • Vita Eye Clinic /ID# 232721
  • Pennsylvania
    • Cranberry Township, Pennsylvania, United States, 16066
      • Scott and Christie and Associates /ID# 232746
  • Tennessee
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38119-5745
      • Total Eye Care, PA /ID# 232657
    • Smyrna, Tennessee, United States, 37167
      • Advancing Vision Research /ID# 232660
  • Utah
    • Clinton, Utah, United States, 84015-8562
      • Duplicate_Alpine Research Organization, Inc. /ID# 240508
  • Virginia
    • Lynchburg, Virginia, United States, 24502
      • Piedmont Eye Center /ID# 232698

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

Stage 1 & Stage 2:

• Male participants willing to minimize the risk of inducing pregnancy for the duration of the clinical study.
• Female participants willing to minimize the risk of inducing pregnancy for the duration of the clinical study.
• Capable of giving signed informed consent, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form and in this protocol.

Stage 1:

• Both of the following signs of DED in at least 1 eye at Screening and Baseline visits (the same eye does not need to qualify at both visits):
• Total corneal fluorescein staining score ≥ 2 and ≤ 9 based on the NEI grading scale, with no score > 2 in any 1 region;
• Schirmer test with topical anesthesia score ≥ 1 and ≤ 10 mm/5 min.

Stage 2:

• ALL of the following in at least 1 eye at both the Screening and Baseline visits and the same eye must qualify at both Screening and Baseline visits:
• Corneal fluorescein staining score ≥ 2 in at least 1 eye region and a total corneal fluorescein staining score of ≥ 4 and ≤ 12 based on NEI grading scale;
• Schirmer test with topical anesthesia score ≥ 2 and ≤ 10 mm/5 min;
• Mean TBUT of ≥ 2 and ≤ 10 seconds.

Stage 1:

- Symptoms of DED at both the Screening and Baseline visits as defined by an OSDI total score of ≥ 13 with ≤ 3 responses of "not applicable (NA)."

Stage 2:

• Symptoms of DED at both the Screening and Baseline visits as defined by both:
• OSDI score of ≥ 23 with ≤ 3 responses of "not applicable (NA)" in at least 1 eye;
• Eye Dryness Score (assessed using the Visual Analog Scale [VAS] Symptom Items score ≥ 30).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current diagnosis of glaucoma or ocular hypertension; evidence of glaucoma or mean intraocular pressure > 21 mm Hg determined by Goldmann applanation tonometry, in either eye.
• Diagnosis of recurrent, ongoing, or active ocular infection including, but not limited to herpes simplex or zoster, vaccinia, varicella, tuberculosis of the eye, acanthamoeba, or fungal disease.
• Participation in a blood or plasma donation program within 60 or 30 days, respectively, prior to study intervention administration.
• Positive test results for anti-HIV type 1 and 2, hepatitis B surface antigen, or anti-hepatitis C virus at the Screening visit.
• Positive test results for benzoylecgonine (cocaine), methadone, barbiturates, amphetamines, benzodiazepines, alcohol, cannabinoids, opiates, or phencyclidine at the Screening or Baseline visits.
• Positive pregnancy test at Screening or Baseline visits.
• Currently breastfeeding or plans to breastfeed during the study.
• History or presence of any ocular disorder or condition (other than DED) in either eye that would, in the opinion of the investigator, likely interfere with the interpretation of the study results or participant safety.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

13

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Stage 1 Cohort 1A: AGN-242428 Low Dose; Administration of AGN-242428 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-242428; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 1 Cohort 1A: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Experimental: Stage 1 Cohort 1A: AGN-231868 Lose Dose; Administration of AGN-231868 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-231868; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 1 Cohort 1A: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Experimental: Stage 1 Cohort 1B: AGN-242428 High Dose; Administration of AGN-242428 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-242428; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 1 Cohort 1B: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Experimental: Stage 1 Cohort 1B: AGN-231868 High Dose; Administration of AGN-231868 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-231868; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 1 Cohort 1B: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Experimental: Stage 2 Cohort 2: AGN-242428 High Dose; Administration of AGN-242428 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-242428; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 2 Cohort 2: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-242428 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Experimental: Stage 2 Cohort 2: AGN-231868 High Dose; Administration of AGN-231868 ophthalmic solution	Drug: AGN-231868; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Placebo Comparator: Stage 2 Cohort 2: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Administration of matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution	Other: AGN-231868 Vehicle; Matching placebo (vehicle) ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop
Active Comparator: Stage 2 Cohort 2: Lifitegrast Ophthalmic Solution; Administration of Lifitegrast ophthalmic solution	Drug: Lifitegrast 5% Ophthalmic Solution; Ophthalmic solution administered as a topical eye drop; Other Names: Xiidra

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Stage 1: Number of Participants With Adverse Events	An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Area Under the Plasma Concentration Versus Time Curves After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves from time 0 to time of the last measurable concentration (AUC0-tlast; Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the area under the plasma concentration versus time curves from time 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0-τ; Visit 5) was calculated. For Visit 3 and Visit 5, tlast was 12 hours post-dose.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Area Under the Tear Concentration Versus Time Curves After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the area under the tear concentration versus (vs) time curves from time 0 to time of the last measurable concentration (AUC0-tlast; Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the area under the tear concentration versus time curves from time 0 to the end of the dosing interval (AUC0-τ; Visit 5) was calculated. For Visit 3 and Visit 5, tlast was 12 hours post-dose.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Cmax) After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the plasma Cmax (Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the plasma Cmax (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Maximum Tear Drug Concentration (Cmax) After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the tear Cmax (Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the tear Cmax (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Time of Maximum Plasma Drug Concentration (Tmax) After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the plasma Tmax (Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the plasma Tmax (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Time of Maximum Tear Drug Concentration (Tmax) After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the tear Tmax (Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the tear Tmax (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Terminal Elimination Half-life of the Study Drugs (T1/2) in Plasma After Single Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the plasma T1/2 (Day 2; Visit 3) was calculated.	Day 2 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose).
Stage 1: Terminal Elimination Half-life of the Study Drugs (T1/2) in Plasma After Repeat Dose Administration	Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, plasma T1/2 (Day 15; Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Terminal Elimination Half-life of the Study Drugs (T1/2) in Tear After Single and Repeat Dose Administration	Following single dose administration, the tear T1/2 (Visit 3) was calculated. Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, tear T1/2 (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 2 and Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Minimum Tear Drug Concentration at Steady State (Cmin,ss) After Repeat Dose Administration	Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the tear Cmin,ss (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Minimum Plasma Drug Concentration at Steady State (Cmin,ss) After Repeat Dose Administration	Following repeat dose administration twice daily for 14 days, the plasma Cmin,ss (Visit 5) was calculated.	Day 15 (Predose and up to 12 hours postdose)
Stage 1: Mean Accumulation Index of Drug Concentration (AI) After Repeat Dose Administration	Following repeat dose administration, the mean plasma and tear AI(area under curve [AUC]) was calculated. AI(AUC) is reported as the ratio of exposure (AUC) at steady state (Day 15) to the exposure after a single daily dose (Day 1). Values greater than one are indicative of drug accumulation with repeat dosing.	Day 15 (up to 12 hours) / Day 1 (up to 12 hours)
Stage 1: Mean Drop Tolerability Questionnaire Scores	Acute overall tolerability attributes of study interventions on an 8-question visual analog scale (VAS) Drop Tolerability Questionnaire. Visual scale ranges from 0 = not at all comfortable to 100 = very comfortable. Higher mean scores indicate higher levels of comfort with the assigned intervention.	Day 15
Stage 1: Percentage of Participants Who Met Criteria for Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Clinical Laboratory Values	The percentage of participants with non-PCS baseline value and met PCS criterion at least once postbaseline for clinical laboratory values.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Percentage of Participants Who Met Criteria for PCS Vital Sign Values (Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Weight, Respiration Rate, and Temperature)	The percentage of participants who met PCS criteria at least once postbaseline for vital sign values (sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, respiration rate, and temperature)	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Percentage of Participants Who Met Criteria for PCS Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values	The percentage of participants with PCS postbaseline (but not at baseline) ECG values for QRS interval, PR interval, and QTc (Fridericia)	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Mean Change From Baseline in Intraocular Pressure (IOP)	At least 2 measurements were taken by qualified study site personnel using a Goldmann applanation tonometer affixed to a slit lamp with the participant seated.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Mean Change From Baseline in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)	BCVA was quantified using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity protocol.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Biomicroscopy: Percentage of Participants With Any Severity Increase From Baseline	The number of participants with any ophthalmoscopy findings of any severity increase from baseline at one or more visit.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 1: Percentage of Participants With Any Clinically Significant Postbaseline Findings During Dilated Fundus Examination	The fundus (posterior pole; periphery, when dilated) was evaluated for pathology. Ophthalmoscopy with clinically significant findings (per investigator assessment) postbaseline are reported.	Day 1 to Day 15
Stage 2: Number of Participants With Adverse Events	An adverse event (AE) is defined as any untoward medical occurrence in a patient or clinical investigation participant administered a pharmaceutical product which does not necessarily have a causal relationship with this treatment.	Day 1 to Day 42
Stage 2: Percentage of Participants With Potentially Clinically Significant (PCS) Clinical Laboratory Values	The percentage of participants who have PCS postbaseline clinical laboratory values at Day 42 (Visit 6).	Day 42
Stage 2: Percentage of Participants Who Met Criteria for PCS Vital Sign Values (Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Weight, Respiration Rate, and Temperature)	The percentage of participants who met PCS criteria at least once postbaseline for vital sign values at Day 42 (Visit 6) (sitting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, weight, respiration rate, and temperature). The numerator for the incidence is the number of participants with non-PCS baseline and at least one post-baseline value meeting the specific criterion at the visit. The denominator is the number of participants with non-PCS baseline and at least one post-baseline assessment at the visit. If a participant did not have a baseline value, but met the criterion post-baseline, then the participant is counted in the numerator.	Day 42
Stage 2: Percentage of Participants Who Met Criteria for PCS Electrocardiogram (ECG) Values	The percentage of participants who have PCS ECG at Visit 6 (but not baseline) pre and post-controlled adverse environment (CAE). The numerator for the incidence is the number of participants with non-PCS baseline and at least one post-baseline value meeting the specific criterion at the visit. The denominator is the number of participants with non-PCS baseline and at least one post-baseline assessment at the visit. If a participant did not have a baseline value, but met the criterion post-baseline, then the participant is counted in the numerator.	Day 42
Stage 2: Mean Change From Baseline in Intraocular Pressure (IOP)	At least 2 IOP measurements were taken by qualified study site personnel using a Goldmann applanation tonometer affixed to a slit lamp with the participant seated. Average intraocular pressure = mean of the 2 (or 3) measures in the study eye and non-study eye. Total fluorescein scores and Schirmer values were used to determine the study eye, and if both eyes qualified, the right eye was designated by default.	Day 1, Day 42
Stage 2: Mean Change From Baseline in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)	BCVA was quantified using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) visual acuity protocol in the study eye and the non-study eye. Total fluorescein scores and Schirmer values were used to determine the study eye, and if both eyes qualified, the right eye was designated by default.	Day 1, Day 42
Stage 2: Slit-lamp Biomicroscopy: Percentage of Participants With Any Clinically Significant Finding Postbaseline	Percentage of participants with a clinically significant finding postbaseline, post-CAE. A clinically significant finding is defined as more than one severity grade increase (worsening) from baseline or positive status change from absence at baseline to presence at postbaseline (not associated with a severity grade) in one or both eyes.	Day 1 to Day 42
Stage 2: Percentage of Participants With Any Clinically Significant Postbaseline Findings During Dilated Fundus Examination	The fundus (posterior pole; periphery, when dilated) was evaluated for pathology. Ophthalmoscopy with clinically significant findings (per investigator assessment) postbaseline are reported.	Day 1 to Day 42
Stage 2: Drop Tolerability Questionnaire Score (Post-controlled Adverse Environment)	Acute overall tolerability attributes of study interventions on an 8-question visual analog scale (VAS) Drop Tolerability Questionnaire. Participants completed questionnaires after exposure to a controlled adverse environment (CAE) for approximately 90 minutes. Visual scale ranges from 0 = not at all comfortable to 100 = very comfortable. Higher mean scores indicate higher levels of comfort with the assigned intervention.	Day 42 (Post-CAE)

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Stage 2: Trough Plasma Concentration (Ctrough) and Plasma Concentration at 0.5 Hours Postdose (C0.5h)	Trough plasma concentration (Ctrough) and plasma concentration at 0.5 hours postdose (C0.5h), following twice daily dosing for up to 6 weeks	Day 42
Stage 2: Trough Tear Concentration (Ctrough) and Tear Concentration at 0.5 Hours Postdose (C0.5h)	Trough tear concentration (Ctrough) and tear concentration at 0.5 hours postdose (C0.5h), following twice daily dosing for up to 6 weeks	Day 42

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: AbbVie
• Investigators: Study Director: ABBVIE INC., AbbVie

Publications and helpful links

Helpful Links

• Additional information on study locations near you may be found at AllerganClinicalTrials.com.To be considered as a site for current and future Allergan Clinical Trials, please register using the Investigator Databank link.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): March 4, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): March 18, 2022
• Study Completion (Actual): March 18, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: July 10, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: July 22, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): July 24, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimated): May 20, 2025
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 16, 2025
• Last Verified: May 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Corneal Diseases; Lacrimal Apparatus Diseases; Keratoconjunctivitis; Conjunctivitis; Conjunctival Diseases; Keratitis; Eye Diseases; Dry Eye Syndromes; Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca; Pharmaceutical Solutions; Ophthalmic Solutions; Lifitegrast
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2012-201-005

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: AbbVie is committed to responsible data sharing regarding the clinical trials we sponsor. This includes access to anonymized, individual and trial-level data (analysis data sets), as well as other information (e.g., protocols and clinical study reports), as long as the trials are not part of an ongoing or planned regulatory submission. This includes requests for clinical trial data for unlicensed products and indications.
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: For details on when studies are available for sharing, please refer to the link below.
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: Access to this clinical trial data can be requested by any qualified researchers who engage in rigorous, independent scientific research, and will be provided following review and approval of a research proposal and Statistical Analysis Plan (SAP) and execution of a Data Use Agreement (DUA). For more information on the process, or to submit a request, visit the following link.
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; SAP; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes