Pathogenesis of the Cardiometabolic Risk in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes

The purpose of this study is to quantitate hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in youth with poorly-controlled type 1 diabetes (T1D) (HbA1c >8.5%), youth with T1D who achieve targeted glycemic control (HbA1c <7.5%) and lean controls. Hypothesis: Youth with poor glycemic control experience higher fractional hepatic DNL during the fasting and the postprandial states than youth who achieve targeted glycemic control and lean controls.

Study Overview

• Status: Terminated
• Conditions: Type 1 Diabetes; De Novo Lipogenesis
• Intervention / Treatment: Diagnostic test: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Detailed Description

What is not known, is whether hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL) contributes to dyslipidemia in this in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of the study is to test the hypothesis that an enhanced rate of DNL largely contributes to dyslipidemia occurring in youth with poorly-controlled T1D. According to this hypothesis, youth with poorly-regulated T1D experience a state of persistent insulin independent, highly variable fluctuations of glucose, and other sugars, through the glycolytic pathway that result in an enhancement of hepatic DNL and an increased production of triglycerides (TG). Newly-formed TG are packaged into large-VLDL that are secreted into the circulation contributing to an increase in plasma TG. When the TG concentration in the hepatocytes exceeds the ability of the liver to secrete TG, the latter start accumulating leading to hepatic steatosis.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 7
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06511
      • Yale University School of Medicine

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 13 years to 22 years (ADULT, CHILD)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• HbA1c >8.5% for the group with poorly controlled diabetes
• HbA1c <7.5% for the well-controlled patients
• T1D for at least 12 months (T1D groups only)
• Negative pregnancy test (all groups)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Baseline creatinine >1
• Being on medications affecting glucose concentrations other than insulin
• Positive pregnancy test
• Endocrinopathies

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: BASIC_SCIENCE
• Allocation: NON_RANDOMIZED
• Interventional Model: PARALLEL
• Masking: NONE

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Poorly-controlled T1D; Patients in this group will have poorly-controlled T1D (HbA1c >8.5%).	Diagnostic test: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Each participant consumes a dinner scaled to his/her energy needs which is prepared by the metabolic kitchen. Dinner will be provided beforehand if patient does this portion at home. The participant consumes the first of three doses of D2O. Two additional doses of D20 are given at on day 1 and on day 2. The total D2O given (3 ml per kg of body water) is designed to raise body deuterium levels to 0.3% and is administered as described above to maintain steady state until the end of the study. At the HRU, an IV catheter will be inserted in order to collect blood to assess DNL. Blood draws begin during the fasting state to assess basal rates of DNL and then for six hours after the consumption of a glucose/fructose beverage (75g glucose and 25g fructose ) to assess postprandial rates of DNL. Blood draws will be taken 15 minutes before ingestion of the sugar beverage, then for every half hour for 6 hours.
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Controlled T1D; Patients in this group will have T1D and achieve targeted glycemic control (HbA1c <7.5%).	Diagnostic test: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Each participant consumes a dinner scaled to his/her energy needs which is prepared by the metabolic kitchen. Dinner will be provided beforehand if patient does this portion at home. The participant consumes the first of three doses of D2O. Two additional doses of D20 are given at on day 1 and on day 2. The total D2O given (3 ml per kg of body water) is designed to raise body deuterium levels to 0.3% and is administered as described above to maintain steady state until the end of the study. At the HRU, an IV catheter will be inserted in order to collect blood to assess DNL. Blood draws begin during the fasting state to assess basal rates of DNL and then for six hours after the consumption of a glucose/fructose beverage (75g glucose and 25g fructose ) to assess postprandial rates of DNL. Blood draws will be taken 15 minutes before ingestion of the sugar beverage, then for every half hour for 6 hours.
ACTIVE_COMPARATOR: Lean controls; Patients in this group will not have T1D.	Diagnostic test: Oral Glucose Tolerance Test; Each participant consumes a dinner scaled to his/her energy needs which is prepared by the metabolic kitchen. Dinner will be provided beforehand if patient does this portion at home. The participant consumes the first of three doses of D2O. Two additional doses of D20 are given at on day 1 and on day 2. The total D2O given (3 ml per kg of body water) is designed to raise body deuterium levels to 0.3% and is administered as described above to maintain steady state until the end of the study. At the HRU, an IV catheter will be inserted in order to collect blood to assess DNL. Blood draws begin during the fasting state to assess basal rates of DNL and then for six hours after the consumption of a glucose/fructose beverage (75g glucose and 25g fructose ) to assess postprandial rates of DNL. Blood draws will be taken 15 minutes before ingestion of the sugar beverage, then for every half hour for 6 hours.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Fractional hepatic DNL	% Fractional hepatic DNL	Baseline to Six hours

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Yale University
• Collaborators: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Nicola Santoro, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics (Endocrinology)

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Monga Kravetz A, Testerman T, Galuppo B, Graf J, Pierpont B, Siebel S, Feinn R, Santoro N. Effect of Gut Microbiota and PNPLA3 rs738409 Variant on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Obese Youth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct 1;105(10):e3575-85. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa382.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (ACTUAL): November 21, 2019
• Primary Completion (ACTUAL): March 30, 2022
• Study Completion (ACTUAL): March 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: September 17, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: September 19, 2019
• First Posted (ACTUAL): September 24, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (ACTUAL): February 13, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 8, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Glucose Metabolism Disorders; Metabolic Diseases; Immune System Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Endocrine System Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
• Other Study ID Numbers: 2000025170

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: Yes