A Phase 3 Clinical Study Investigating the Gingivitis Efficacy of a Test Dentifrice Containing Stannous Fluoride

A Clinical Study Investigating the Gingivitis Efficacy of a Test Dentifrice

The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the gingival health of a test dentifrice (0.454% weight by weight [w/w] stannous fluoride) to a negative control dentifrice by comparing modified gingival index, bleeding index and plaque index scores.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Gingivitis
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Stannous fluoride; Drug: Sodium monofluorophosphate

Detailed Description

This will be a single-center, examiner-blinded, randomized, stratified, two-treatment parallel group, 24-week clinical study in healthy adult volunteers with moderate gingivitis. Eligible participants will be stratified based on gender and baseline mean whole mouth modified gingival index (MGI) score (Low: less than or equal to [<=] 2.00/High greater than [>]2.00) to ensure a balance in gingivitis across both treatment groups, and then randomized into one of two treatment groups. Treatment effect will be evaluated by comparing MGI , bleeding index and plaque index scores after 12 and 24 weeks use of a dentifrice containing 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride to a negative control dentifrice. During the 24 week treatment period, participants will apply a full ribbon of dentifrice to the head of a study toothbrush and brush their teeth in their usual manner at home for one timed minute twice daily (morning and evening) and record on their study diary completed brushings.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 98
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • Fort Wayne, Indiana, United States, 46825
      • GSK Investigational Site

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Consent :Demonstrates understanding of the study and willingness to participate as evidenced by voluntary written informed consent and has received a signed and dated copy of the informed consent form.
• Compliance: Understands and is willing, able and likely to comply with all study procedures and restrictions.
• General Health: Good general and mental health with, in the opinion of the investigator, no clinically significant and relevant abnormalities of medical history or oral examination.
• Dental Health: A minimum of 20 natural teeth and a minimum of 40 gradable surfaces for: a) MGI, BI and PI. A scorable surface is defined as a surface that has 50% of the surface gradable. Third molars, orthodontically banded/ bonded, fully crowned or extensively restored or grossly carious teeth are not included in the tooth count; b) Moderate gingivitis present at the screening visit in the opinion of the investigator; c) Mean whole mouth MGI between 1.75 and 2.30 and mean whole mouth supra-gingival PI score 1.5 at Baseline Visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Women who are known to be pregnant or who are intending to become pregnant or women who are breast-feeding over the duration of the study.
• Allergy/Intolerance: Known or suspected intolerance or hypersensitivity to the study materials (or closely related compounds) or any of their stated ingredients.
• Tobacco Use: Current smokers or smokers who have quit within the past six months, prior to screening, or participants currently using smokeless forms of tobacco - e.g. chewing tobacco.

• Concomitant Medications - Treatments Screening (Visit 1)

  1. Currently taking antibiotics or requiring antibiotic use prior to dental prophylaxis or other dental procedures.
  2. Currently taking an anti-inflammatory medication which, in the opinion of the Investigator, could affect gingival condition.
  3. Currently taking a systemic medication which, in the opinion of the Investigator, could affect gingival condition (e.g. calcium channel blockers, or aspirin therapy).
  4. Current use of a chlorhexidine mouthwash. Baseline (Visit 2)
  5. Currently taking antibiotics or taken antibiotics in the previous 14 days or requiring antibiotic use prior to dental prophylaxis or other dental procedures.
  6. Has taken an anti-inflammatory medication which, in the opinion of the investigator, could affect gingival condition in the previous 14 days.
  7. Has taken a systemic medication which, in the opinion of the investigator, could affect gingival condition in the previous 14 days (e.g. calcium channel blockers, or aspirin therapy).

• General Dentition Exclusions

  1. Current active caries or periodontitis that may, in the opinion of the investigator, compromise the study outcomes or oral health of the participants if they participate in the study.
  2. Restorations in a poor state of repair.
  3. Partial dentures or orthodontic appliances.
  4. Teeth bleaching within 12 weeks of screening.

• Clinical Study/Experimental Medication

  1. Participation in another clinical study or receipt of an investigational drug or investigational oral care product within 30 days of the Baseline Visit.
  2. Previous participation in this study.
• Substance abuse: Recent history (within the last year) of alcohol or other substance abuse.

• Personnel:

  1. Employed by the sponsor or the study site or members of their immediate family.
  2. Employed by any dentifrice manufacturer or their immediate family.
• Other Conditions: Any condition that would impact on the safety of the participant or wellbeing or affect the individual's ability to understand and follow study procedures and requirements.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Double

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Experimental Test Dentifrice; In this arm, participants will apply a full ribbon of dentifrice ( 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride) to the bristles of a study toothbrush and brush their teeth in their usual manner for one timed minute twice daily (morning and evening) and record on their study diary completed brushings.	Drug: Stannous fluoride; In this arm, participants will apply a full ribbon of dentifrice ( 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride) to the bristles of a study toothbrush and brush their teeth in their usual manner for one timed minute twice daily (morning and evening) and record on their study diary completed brushings.
Placebo Comparator: Control Dentifrice; In this arm, participants will apply a full ribbon of negative control dentifrice (1000 ppm fluoride as sodium monofluorophosphate [SMFP] to the bristles of a study toothbrush and brush their teeth in their usual manner for one timed minute twice daily (morning and evening) and record on their study diary completed brushings.	Drug: Sodium monofluorophosphate; In this arm, participants will apply a full ribbon of negative control dentifrice (1000 ppm fluoride as SMFP to the bristles of a study toothbrush and brush their teeth in their usual manner for one timed minute twice daily (morning and evening) and record on their study diary completed brushings.; Other Names: Colgate Cavity Protection®, USA marketed dentifrice

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by Bleeding Index (BI) at 24 Weeks	BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. Gingivae were air dried and examiner assessed bleeding using a probe which was gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of approximately(app)1millimeter(mm)and run around tooth(angle of app60[degrees(deg)] to long axis of tooth), gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium. BI assessed on facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch). 3scores were recorded buccally/labially,3scores lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in one quadrant were probed first(app30seconds[sec])before recording number of gingival units which bled. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values(i.e.,0-2).BI score:0=no bleeding after30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 24

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by BI at 12 Weeks	BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as a measure of gingival condition. Gingivae were air dried and examiner assessed bleeding using a probe which was gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app 1 mm and run around tooth (angle of app 60 deg to long axis of tooth), gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium. BI assessed on facial and lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth (7in each arch). 3 scores were recorded buccally/ labially, 3scores lingually/ palatally. All scorable teeth in one quadrant were probed first (app 30 sec) before recording number of gingival units which bled. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-2). BI score:0=no bleeding after 30 sec, 1=bleeding upon probing after 30 sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 12
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by BI Indices in Low MGI Subgroups (<=2.00) After 12 and 24 Weeks	BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as measure of gingival condition.Gingivae were air dried,examiner assessed bleeding using probe gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app.1mm and run around tooth(at angle of app.60deg to long axis of tooth),gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium.BI assessed on facial,lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).3scores recorded buccally/labially and 3lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in 1quadrant probed first(app.30sec)before recording number of gingival units which bled.Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High: >2.00).Whole mouth mean of BI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.BI scoring:0=no bleeding after 30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after 30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores- better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by BI Indices in High MGI Subgroup (>2.00) at 12 and 24 Weeks	BI-to assess bleeding elicited on probing as measure of gingival condition.Gingivae were air dried,examiner assessed bleeding using probe gently inserted into gingival crevice to depth of app.1mm and run around tooth(at angle of app.60deg to long axis of tooth),gently stretching epithelium while sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along sulcular epithelium.BI assessed on facial,lingual gingival surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).3scores recorded buccally/labially and 3lingually/palatally. All scorable teeth in 1quadrant probed first(app.30sec)before recording number of gingival units which bled.Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High: >2.00).Whole mouth mean of BI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.BI scoring:0=no bleeding after 30sec,1=bleeding upon probing after 30sec,2=immediate bleeding observed. Lower scores- better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by Modified Gingival Index (MGI) at 12 and 24 Weeks	MGI- to assess visual symptoms of gingivitis on facial and lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth (7 in each arch). 2scores recorded buccally/labially, 2scores lingually/palatally. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-4). Scoring was performed using standard dental light:0=absence of inflammation,1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color; little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation; criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing, redness, edema, and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation; marked redness, edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion,or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by MGI Indices in Low MGI Subgroup (<=2.00) at 12 and 24 Weeks	MGI-to assess gingivitis symptoms on facial, lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).2 scores recorded buccally/labially(papilla,margin),2lingually/palatally(papilla,margin).Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High:>2.00).Whole mouth mean of MGI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.MGI scoring:0=absence of inflammation, 1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color;little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation;criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing,redness,edema,and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation;marked redness,edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24
Evaluation and Comparison of Gingival Health Measured by MGI Indices in High MGI Subgroup (>2.00) at 12 and 24 Weeks	MGI-to assess gingivitis symptoms on facial, lingual surfaces of each scorable tooth(7in each arch).2 scores recorded buccally/labially(papilla,margin),2lingually/palatally(papilla,margin).Participants stratified based upon gender and baseline MGI score(Low:<=2.00,High:>2.00).Whole mouth mean of MGI calculated by-taking average overall tooth sites assessed;to compare magnitude of differences in two strata.MGI scoring:0=absence of inflammation, 1=mild inflammation;slight change in color,little change in color;little change in texture of any portion of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,2=mild inflammation;criteria as above plus the entire marginal or papillar gingival unit,3=moderate inflammation;glazing,redness,edema,and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,4=severe inflammation;marked redness,edema and/or hypertrophy of the marginal or papillary gingival unit,spontaneous bleeding,congestion or ulceration. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24
Evaluation and Comparison of Supra-gingival Plaque Levels Measured by Overall and Inter-proximal Plaque Index (PI) at 12 and 24 Weeks	Turesky Modification of Quigley Hein Plaque Index-to assess plaque on all gradable teeth. Participants rinsed the plaque in dye solution of 5milliliters(mL)of solution for 10 sec, then expectorated and rinsed with 10 mL of water for 10 sec and then expectorated again. Plaque was assessed with each tooth being divided into 6 areas including mesiofacial, facial, distofacial, mesiolingual, lingual and distolingual surfaces. Values presented as means across all tooth surfaces with minimum and maximum scores in agreement with minimum and maximum index values (i.e.,0-5). Disclosed plaque scored as:0=no plaque, 1=slight flecks of plaque at the cervical margin of the tooth,2=a thin continuous band of plaque (1mm or smaller) at the cervical margin of the tooth, 3=a band of plaque wider than 1mm but covering less than 1/3 of the area, 4=plaque covering at least 1/3 but less than 2/3 of the area,5=plaque covering 2/3 or more of the crown of the tooth. Lower scores indicate better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Number of Bleeding Sites After 12 and 24 Weeks	Number of gingival bleeding sites were measured as part of bleeding index via a single examiner using a color-coded periodontal probe. The probe was engaged approximately 1 mm into the gingival crevice. A moderate pressure was used whilst sweeping from interproximal to interproximal along the sulcular epithelium. For each participant, the scoring system used to measure bleeding sites is as follows: 0= no bleeding after 30 sec, 1= bleeding upon probing after 30 sec, 2= immediate bleeding observed. Lower bleeding sites indicate better results.	At Week 12 and Week 24

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Parkinson CR, Milleman KR, Milleman JL. Gingivitis efficacy of a 0.454% w/w stannous fluoride dentifrice: a 24-week randomized controlled trial. BMC Oral Health. 2020 Mar 26;20(1):89. doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-01079-6.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): May 28, 2013
• Primary Completion (Actual): December 11, 2013
• Study Completion (Actual): December 11, 2013

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 10, 2019
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 10, 2019
• First Posted (Actual): October 11, 2019

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 31, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 21, 2020
• Last Verified: January 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Oral Health; Gingivitis; Antiplaque
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Infections; Stomatognathic Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Mouth Diseases; Gingival Diseases; Gingivitis; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Protective Agents; Cariostatic Agents; Fluorides; Tin Fluorides; Fluorophosphate
• Other Study ID Numbers: 202687

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No