PRIMA Intervention for Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers (PRIMA)

Promoting Reengagement in Daily Meaningful Activity (PRIMA) Intervention for Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers

The investigators developed and tested the Daily Engagement in Meaningful Activities (DEMA) intervention to improve life satisfaction and health outcomes for patients and caregivers. DEMA is a positive health focused, theoretically grounded, tailored, family-centered, multi-faceted intervention. Over 7 session, dyads work with a nurse to 1) identify meaningful activities, assess capacity, problem-solve barriers, and establish routines for engagement and 2) learn more about MCI by working through six Self-Management Toolkit topics (e.g., benefits of meaningful activity; planning the future). The investigators' purpose is to evaluate the efficacy of DEMA in a two-group randomized controlled trial with 210 patient/caregiver dyads (DEMA intervention vs. the information support (IS) attention control group).

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Mild Cognitive Impairment
• Intervention / Treatment: Behavioral: Daily Engagement Meaningful Activity (DEMA); Behavioral: Information Support (IS)

Detailed Description

Approximately 20% of Americans over 65 have mild cognitive impairment (MCI), defined as experiencing more memory problems than normally expected with aging, but no other symptoms of dementia such as impaired judgment or reasoning. Persons with MCI (patients) are at great risk for developing dementia (10-33% per year). Memory problem (poor executive function) diminish the patient's confidence and ability to perform meaningful and/or important activities (e.g. socialization, medication management).

Deteriorating life satisfaction in patients and care partners (caregivers) is a prevalent problem due to diminished meaningful activity engagement which occurs as a result of patient frustration and embarrassment, lack of self-efficacy (confidence), and diminishing activity performance. As a result, patients experience additional negative health outcomes: 38% report depressive symptoms and anxiety. Caregivers often lack confidence to manage their own and the patient's daily challenges and meaningful activity engagement, leading to high caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. As a dyad, both patients and caregivers report diminished satisfaction within their communication and relationship due to disagreement about the patient's functional ability to effectively and safely perform meaningful activities.

Emerging evidence indicates regular engagement in social, physical or cognitive activities can improve life satisfaction, activity performance, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and dyad communication; health outcomes are even better when the activities are self-selected and meaningful. To promote patients' and caregivers' life satisfaction and health outcomes, interventions to maximize patients' capacity for full engagement in meaningful activities are essential; yet, there is a marked absence of such empirically validated interventions.

The investigators' purpose is to evaluate the efficacy of DEMA in a two-group randomized controlled trial with 210 patient/caregiver dyads (DEMA intervention vs. the information support (IS) attention control group).

2.0 Rationale and Specific Aims.

Aim 1 (Primary Objective): To test DEMA's efficacy for improving life satisfaction in patients and their caregivers over time compared to the IS group. Mixed effects model will be used to compare repeated Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age (LSITA) Scale-Short Form at pre-intervention evaluation (T1) and post-intervention evaluations (14 days, 3- and 6-months).

Aim 2 (Secondary): Over time, evaluate DEMA's efficacy for patient and caregiver to:

1. increase patient activity performance and diminish depressive symptoms and anxiety compared to the IS group.
2. decrease caregivers burden, depressive symptoms, and anxiety compared to the IS group.

Using mixed effects models to compare repeated PHQ-9 questionaires, GAD-7, ADCS-MCI-ADL Scale, Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) And Caregiving outcomes scale (COS), at pre-intervention evaluation (T1) and post-intervention evaluations (14 days, 3- and 6-months).

Aim 3: Explore improvement in health outcomes over time in the sub-sample of patients with depressive symptoms using the (PHQ)-9 ≥ 5 at baseline) and explore the burden on caregivers when patients have PHQ-9 is >5. Compared to the non-depressed participants:

Patients with depressive symptoms (scores > 5 on PHQ-9 measured at baseline) will have improved activity performance.

Caregivers of patients with depressed symptoms (scores > 5 on PHQ-9 measured at baseline) will report reduced burden. and Patients with depressive symptoms (scores > 5 on PHQ-9 measured at baseline) and their caregivers randomized to DEMA will report improved: confidence to manage daily challenges, communication satisfaction, life satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, decreased depressive symptoms and anxiety using pre-specific outcomes measures including but not limited to: confidence scale, The subscale of Communication and Affective Responsiveness (CAR), Dementia Deficits Scale (DDS) (Patient vs. Caregiver Versions), The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), The modified Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ).

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 420
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Indiana
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Indiana University Alzhemier Disease Research Center

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 14 years to 96 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria: MCI Patient

• age greater than 59 years old
• able to speak and read English
• access to telephone
• have both self or informant reported cognitive complaints
• MoCA score = 15 to 25
• in the normal range in performance of daily living tasks based on functional impairment absent: a check box of Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) has no score ≥2);

Inclusion Criteria: Family caregivers:

• self-identify as care partner (i.e. spouse, family member or friend)
• aged greater than or equal to 18 years
• have primary responsibility for providing care to an MCI patient, along with monitoring safety and providing social support;
• are able to speak and read English;
• access to telephone
• oriented to persons, places, and time (having a 6-item Screener score of 4 or above).

Exclusion Criteria:

• a diagnosed untreated severe major depression, or receiving advanced cancer treatment or hospice care
• receiving dialysis
• severe hearing loss and no hearing aids
• have no access to a telephone
• the family caregiver has significant cognitive impairment that may hinder participation (6-item MMSE < 4).

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Triple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Daily Engagement Meaningful Activity (DEMA); This group will receive 7 telephone sessions over a 12 week period (1st session week, 2-7 bi-weekly) delivered by a trained intervener. DEMA will use the principles of problem-solving therapy and consistent with the overall goals of this intervention; and will provide autonomy support, classify needs and goals, generalize manageable solutions, engage in self-selected activities under family support, and self-evaluate failure and success or renew problem-solving as needed. Each session consists: 1) MCI dyads are guided to use the principles of problem-solving therapy to review their personalized, self-selected meaningful activities and plan next steps to continue the activity, identify and establish a plan for additional activities; and 2) the intervener and dyad discuss one of the 6 topics in the Toolkit such as introducing of the intervention and meaningful activity concepts, understanding MCI, its treatments, management, resources, and planning for the future.	Behavioral: Daily Engagement Meaningful Activity (DEMA); This group will receive 7 individualized sessions, 1 face-to-face session at week 1 and via 6 bi weekly telephone sessions delivered by a trained intervener. DEMA will use the principles of problem-solving therapy and consistent with the overall goals of this intervention; and will provide autonomy support, classify needs and goals, generalize manageable solutions, engage in self-selected activities under family support, and self-evaluate failure and success or renew problem-solving as needed. Each session consists: 1) MCI dyads are guided to use the principles of problem-solving therapy to review their personalized, self-selected meaningful activities and plan next steps to continue the activity, identify and establish a plan for additional activities; and 2) the intervener and dyad discuss one of the 6 topics in the Toolkit such as introducing of the intervention and meaningful activity concepts, understanding MCI, its treatments, management, resources, and planning for the future.
Placebo Comparator: Information Support (IS); This group will attend 7 telephone sessions to receive an overview of what will happen in the study and use selected educational material from the Alzheimer's Association delivered by a trained intervener. The sessions will occur over 12 weeks (1 session at Week 1, bi-weekly from the 2 to 7 sessions) via phone calls. Dyads will have the opportunity to ask only questions related to the educational materials. After completing Time 4 data collection, the patient-caregiver dyads will receive DEMA Self-Management Tool kit package through mail.	Behavioral: Information Support (IS); This group will attend 1 face-to-face meetings to receive an overview of what will happen in the study and an initial Alzheimer disease educational brochure from the Alzheimer's Association (AA). The face-to-face sessions will take place at the IADC Clinical Core clinic, Indiana University Center of Excellence of Women's Health clinic, or Indiana School of Nursing conference room that based on patient-caregiver dyad's preference. Then they will receive 6 bi weekly follow-up phone calls and have the opportunity to ask only questions related to the educational materials. After completing Time 4 data collection, the patient-caregiver dyads will receive DEMA Self-Management Tool kit package through mail.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Life Satisfaction (LSITA)	The Life Satisfaction Index for the Third Age (LSITA) Scale-Short Form, is a 12-item with a 6-point response scale (ranging from "1" Strongly disagree to "6" strongly agree) (Barrett & Murk, 2006). It is a measure of the overall construct of Life Satisfaction. It has been commonly used in older populations. Possible range of total scores is 12-72 and higher scores indicate better functioning. The total score ranges from 12 to 72.The reliability of the LSITA-SF scale was .90 (Barrett & Murk, 2006). The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it. The LSITA is completed by patient and caregiver separately.	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items (PHQ-9)	Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items (PHQ-9) is used to measure emotional function (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). The PHQ-9 contains nine questions about symptoms. It has been widely used in older populations. The depression severity levels are: The scores 0 -4 indicate none, the scores between 5 to 9 indicate mild depression; the score between 10-14 indicates moderate depression; the scores between 15 to 19 indicate moderately severe depression, the scores between 20 to 27 indicate severe depression. The internal reliability was 0.83 to 0.92 (Kroenke et al., 2001). The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it. The PHQ-9 is completed by patient and caregiver separately.Total scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating increased severity.	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation
The General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7)	The General Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), four-point Liker scale is used to measure emotional function and it contains 7 questions about anxiety (Spitzer, Kroenke, Williams, & Lowe, 2006). It has been widely used in older populations. The GAD-7 scale score ranges from 0 to 21 and high scores indicates perceiving high level of anxiety. The internal reliability was 0.92 and test-retest reliability was 0.83 (Spitzer et al., 2006). The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it. The GAD-7is completed by patient and caregiver separately.	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation
Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study MCI-Activities of Daily Living Inventory [ADCS-MCI-ADL Scale]	The 23-item ADCS-MCI-ADL Scale has good test-retest reliability, will be utilized to assess performance functioning in MCI patients (Galasko et al., 1997; Douglas Galasko et al., 2006; Pedrosa et al., 2010). The ADCS-ADL includes 18 items from traditional basic ADL scales and 5 items from instrumental activities of daily living scales (IADL) The possible range of total scores for the ADL Scale is 0-53 and higher scores indicate better functioning. The internal reliability was .91( Galasko et al., 1997; Douglas Galasko et al., 2006; Pedrosa et al., 2010). The scale takes about 15 minutes to complete it.	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation
Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS)	The Relationship Assessment Scale is a 7-item, 5 points Likert scale designed to measure general relationship satisfaction (Graham, Kunik, Doody, & Snow, 2005). The RAS was produces more reliable scores when administered to older individuals, older relationship, and married couples but it was intended to be applicable to a wide range of relationship types (Graham et al., 2005). Respondents answer each item using a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (low satisfaction) to 5 (high satisfaction). Total scores range from 7 to 35, with higher scores indicating better relationship satisfaction. The internal reliability was .86-.87. The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it.	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation
Caregiving Outcomes Scale (COS)	The Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale (COS), a 15-item with a 7-point scale, self-report inventory, will be utilized to assess family caregiver outcomes. The scale has been used in family caregivers of those with a variety of other chronic conditions (Bakas, Champion, Perkins, Farran, & Williams, 2006; Pressler, 2008). It is one of recommendation instruments that can be used to identify priority areas for nursing intervention designed to improve caregivers' outcomes (Bakas et al., 2006; Deeken, Taylor, Mangran, Yabroff, & Ingham, 2003). The 15 Bakas COS items and the validity item are rated on a 7-point scale ranging from -3 (changed for the worst) to + 3 (changed for the best). The -3 to +3 ratings are recoded to 1 to 7, so positive numbers can be obtained for analysis. The COS total scores of range from 15 to 105, with higher score indicating more positive caregiver outcomes. The internal consistency reliability was provided alpha = .90 (Bakas et al., 2006).	Baseline evaluation, 10 days post-12-week-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation, and 6 months post-12-week-intervention evaluation

Other Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Confidence Scale	The Nowotny Confidence Subscale (NCS) of the Nowotny Hope Scale is a self-report of confidence in one's own ability, which uses a 4-point Likert response format of strongly agree to strongly disagree. Content validity was established by literature review and an expert panel (Nowotny, 1989). The total score ranges from 8 to 32 and a higher score indicates better sense of confidence. .Concurrent validity of the entire scale was established with the Beck Hopelessness Scale at r = -0.47. The internal reliability was 0.83 to 0.92 (Nowotny, 1989.) The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it.	Change Baseline Confidence Scale at 10 days post-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention
The subscale of Communication and Affective Responsiveness (CAR)	The subscale of Communication and Affective Responsiveness of The Family Assessment Device (FAD) is a 12-item, self-report questionnaire with 4-point responses Likert Scale (from 1 = strongly disagree to 4 = strongly agree) (Miller, Epstein, Bishop, & Keitner, 1985). These scales will be used to measure the satisfaction with communication with family members. The total score ranges from 12 to 48.The internal reliability was .90 (Miller et al., 1985). The scale takes about 4 minutes to complete it.	Change from Baseline subscale of CAR at 10 days post-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention
Dementia Deficits Scale (DDS) (Patient vs. Caregiver Versions)	The Dementia Deficits Scale (DDS), patient version is used to assess MCI patients' awareness of the performance capacity (Snow et al., 2004). This multidimensional scale measures memory, attention, orientation, language, executive functioning, emotional and behavioral symptoms, and functional abilities. The patient rates him or herself performance capacity. Items are coded "0" if the deficit or symptom is not present or "1" if the deficit/symptom is present. The total score ranges from 0 to 35. The internal reliability for DDS with patient version was 0.77 to 0.91(Snow et al., 2004). The scale takes about 12 minutes to complete it.	Change from Baseline DDS at 10 days post-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention
The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)	The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM)-Importance subscale will be used to assess MCI patient's meaningful daily activities (Law et al., 1994). It is a generic measure with a semi-structured interview in which the patient is encouraged to identify problems in self-care, productivity or leisure activities. It is a widely known and valuable tool to assist in client-centered physical activity intervention studies. It concerns those activities the patient wants, needs, or is expected to do, but cannot to do, or those in which the patient is not satisfied with current performance. Then the patients will rate importance of the problems on a 10-point scale from "Not important at all" to "extremely important" (score 10). The internal reliability was 0.86 to 0.95 (Law et al., 1994)	Change from Baseline COPM at Session 1(at Week 1), Session 2(at Week 2), Session 3 (at Week 4), Session 4 (at Week 6), Session 5 (at Week 8), Session 6 (at Week 10); Session 7 (at Week 12), 10 days post-, 3 months post-, and 6 months-post intervention
The modified Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ)	The 6-item Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) is used to assess participants (patient/caregivers) perception of intervention credibility/expectancy (Devilly & Borkovece, 2000). This multidimensional scale measures credibility and expectancy of intervention or program. The scale is from 1 to 9. The item coded 1 to 3 for "Not at all", 4 to 6 for Somewhat, or Very for 7 to 9. The items 1, 2, and 3 are loading on factor credibility; the items 4, 5, and 6 are loading on factor expectancy. The total score ranges from 1 to 42. The internal reliability of CEQ was 0.79 to 0.90 (Devilly & Borkovece, 2000). The scale takes about 3 minutes to complete it.	10 days post-intervention evaluation
Six-item Screener [Completed by caregiver]	The six-item screener is a subset of the full MMSE, a brief cognitive screener with acceptable sensitivity (86%) and specificity (91%) for identifying subjects with cognitive impairment (Callahan, Unverzagt, Hui, Perkins, & Hendrie, 2002). It can be readily incorporated into an initial patient assessment of eligibility. The scale takes only 1 to 2 minutes to complete as compared with 7 to 15 minutes for longer scales. In addition, the six-item screener can be easily administered by telephone or in face-to-face interviews. The research can alter the cut-off score to match the goals of the study and the targeted population and diagnosing dementia using a cut-off score of 5 (range of possible scores 0-8 (Callahan et al., 2002). This measure has been used for identify family caregivers with cognitive impairment and it took only 2 minutes to complete it.	Pre-consent
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) [Completed by Patient]	The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a rapid screening instrument designed to help health professionals detect mild cognitive dysfunction (Nasreddine et al., 2003; Nasreddine et al., 2005). It assess numerous cognitive domains: attention and concentration, executive functions, memory, language, visuoconstrutional skills, conceptual thinking, calculation, and orientation. Time to administer is approximately 10 minutes. The total possible scores is 30 points; a score of 26 or above is considered normal. The test-reliability was .92 and the internal consistency was .83 ( Nasreddine et al., 2005). The high sensitivity of MoCA was found for identifying both AD and MCI patients (100% and 90%, respectively), specificity of the MoCA (defined as the ability to identify non-cognitively impaired subjects) was 87%. Positive and negative predictive values were also high for both AD patients (89% and 100%, respectively) and MCI patients (89% and 91%, respectively) (Nasreddine et al., 2005).	Pre-consent
University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC) [Completed by patients]	To further evaluate patient ability to provide informed consent, we will now use the 10-item (total score range 0-20) University of California, San Diego Brief Assessment of Capacity to Consent (UBACC):[23] internal consistency, Cronbach's ɑ = 0.77; interrater reliability, r = 0.44-0,73; concurrent validity acceptable, sensitivity (89%) and high specificity (100%);[23] and takes less 5 minutes to complete. Following a basic, verbal description of the study, potential patients will next complete the UBACC. The cut off point for patient self-consent is > to 14.	Pre-consent
Demographic Profile and Comorbidity Condition	The demographic profile is completed by patient/caregiver and it has 32 items and includes MCI patient and caregiver demographic characteristics: recruitment setting, age, gender, education, relationship with patient, social economic status. Patient's MoCA scores and FAQ scores, and comorbidity condition (i.e. stroke, heart disease, or others). These are antecedent variables. Time to administer the Demographic Profile is Approximately.	at Baseline, Pre-intervention Evaluation
Patient's Anti-depression medication and Anxiety Medication (Medication type, dosage, and using time frame)	MCI patient/caregivers anti-depression medication and anti-anxiety medication information/using anti-depression/anti-anxiety medication or not (i.e., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors [SSRIs]; Zoloft, Prozac, et al.)	Changes from Baseline patient's Anti-depression and Anxiety Medication at 10 days post-intervention evaluation, 3 months post-intervention, and 6 months post-intervention
Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) [for MCI patient]	Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ) is, a 10-item, used to assess functional activities, which uses a 4-point Likert response format from "normal = 0" to "dependent = 3"(Mayo, 2016; Pfeffer, Kurosaki, Harrah, Chance, & Filos, 1982) The range of FAQ scores are from 0-30 and a cut-point of 9 (dependent in 3 or more activities) is recommended to indicate impaired function and possible cognitive impairment. The scale sensitivity is ranging from 85% to 98% and specificity ranging from 71% to 91% (Mayo, 2016; Pfeffer et al., 1982). Time to administer is approximately 5 minutes. FAQ is completed by patient or obtained from the medical record after receiving permission form the MCI patient. The FAQ has been used as part of the NIH Funded, Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center Uniform Data Set.	Pre-consent

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Indiana University
• Collaborators: National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR)
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Yvonne Y Lu, PhD, Indiana University

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x.
• Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, Lowe B. A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1092-7. doi: 10.1001/archinte.166.10.1092.
• Devilly GJ, Borkovec TD. Psychometric properties of the credibility/expectancy questionnaire. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2000 Jun;31(2):73-86. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7916(00)00012-4.
• Callahan CM, Unverzagt FW, Hui SL, Perkins AJ, Hendrie HC. Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Med Care. 2002 Sep;40(9):771-81. doi: 10.1097/00005650-200209000-00007.
• Galasko D, Bennett D, Sano M, Ernesto C, Thomas R, Grundman M, Ferris S. An inventory to assess activities of daily living for clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease. The Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 1997;11 Suppl 2:S33-9.
• Roberts JL, Clare L. Meta-representational awareness in mild cognitive impairment: an interpretative phenomenological analysis. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(3):300-9. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2012.732033. Epub 2012 Oct 16.
• Plassman BL, Langa KM, McCammon RJ, Fisher GG, Potter GG, Burke JR, Steffens DC, Foster NL, Giordani B, Unverzagt FW, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Heeringa SG, Weir DR, Wallace RB. Incidence of dementia and cognitive impairment, not dementia in the United States. Ann Neurol. 2011 Sep;70(3):418-26. doi: 10.1002/ana.22362. Epub 2011 Mar 18.
• Ward A, Tardiff S, Dye C, Arrighi HM. Rate of conversion from prodromal Alzheimer's disease to Alzheimer's dementia: a systematic review of the literature. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2013 Sep 28;3(1):320-32. doi: 10.1159/000354370. eCollection 2013.
• Apostolova LG, Cummings JL. Neuropsychiatric manifestations in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review of the literature. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2008;25(2):115-26. doi: 10.1159/000112509. Epub 2007 Dec 14.
• Pedrosa H, De Sa A, Guerreiro M, Maroco J, Simoes MR, Galasko D, de Mendonca A. Functional evaluation distinguishes MCI patients from healthy elderly people--the ADCS/MCI/ADL scale. J Nutr Health Aging. 2010 Oct;14(8):703-9. doi: 10.1007/s12603-010-0102-1.
• Galasko D, Bennett DA, Sano M, Marson D, Kaye J, Edland SD; Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study. ADCS Prevention Instrument Project: assessment of instrumental activities of daily living for community-dwelling elderly individuals in dementia prevention clinical trials. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2006 Oct-Dec;20(4 Suppl 3):S152-69. doi: 10.1097/01.wad.0000213873.25053.2b.
• Graham DP, Kunik ME, Doody R, Snow AL. Self-reported awareness of performance in dementia. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res. 2005 Sep;25(1):144-52. doi: 10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.05.001.
• Bakas T, Champion V, Perkins SM, Farran CJ, Williams LS. Psychometric testing of the revised 15-item Bakas Caregiving Outcomes Scale. Nurs Res. 2006 Sep-Oct;55(5):346-55. doi: 10.1097/00006199-200609000-00007.
• Pressler SJ. Cognitive functioning and chronic heart failure: a review of the literature (2002-July 2007). J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008 May-Jun;23(3):239-49. doi: 10.1097/01.JCN.0000305096.09710.ec.
• Deeken JF, Taylor KL, Mangan P, Yabroff KR, Ingham JM. Care for the caregivers: a review of self-report instruments developed to measure the burden, needs, and quality of life of informal caregivers. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2003 Oct;26(4):922-53. doi: 10.1016/s0885-3924(03)00327-0.
• Nowotny ML. Assessment of hope in patients with cancer: development of an instrument. Oncol Nurs Forum. 1989 Jan-Feb;16(1):57-61.
• Snow AL, Norris MP, Doody R, Molinari VA, Orengo CA, Kunik ME. Dementia Deficits Scale. Rating self-awareness of deficits. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2004 Jan-Mar;18(1):22-31. doi: 10.1097/00002093-200401000-00005.
• Law M, Polatajko H, Pollock N, McColl MA, Carswell A, Baptiste S. Pilot testing of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure: clinical and measurement issues. Can J Occup Ther. 1994 Oct;61(4):191-7. doi: 10.1177/000841749406100403.
• Jeste DV, Palmer BW, Appelbaum PS, Golshan S, Glorioso D, Dunn LB, Kim K, Meeks T, Kraemer HC. A new brief instrument for assessing decisional capacity for clinical research. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Aug;64(8):966-74. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.8.966.
• Pfeffer RI, Kurosaki TT, Harrah CH Jr, Chance JM, Filos S. Measurement of functional activities in older adults in the community. J Gerontol. 1982 May;37(3):323-9. doi: 10.1093/geronj/37.3.323.
• Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.
• Chang PS, Katz AJ, Gao S, Yang Z, Passey RT, Brehm A, Apostolova LG, Lu Y. Outcomes of dyadic recruitment in the promoting re-engagement in meaningful activity (PRIMA) trial. Contemp Clin Trials. 2026 Jun 23;167:108383. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2026.108383. Online ahead of print.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): December 13, 2021
• Primary Completion (Actual): July 20, 2025
• Study Completion (Actual): July 20, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 15, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 11, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): August 17, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): July 15, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 17, 2026
• Last Verified: December 1, 2025

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Quality of life; Mild cognitive impairment; Family caregivers
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Mental Disorders; Neurocognitive Disorders; Cognition Disorders; Cognitive Dysfunction
• Other Study ID Numbers: IUPREMA0822; 1R01NR018162-01A1 (U.S. NIH Grant/Contract)

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO
• IPD Plan Description: There is not a plan to make IPD available.

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No