- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT04530617
Camostat and Artemisia Annua vs Placebo in COVID-19 Outpatients
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter, Multi-arm, Phase II Trial of Novel Agents for the Treatment of Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Positive Outpatients
Study Overview
Status
Conditions
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious disease, caused by a novel enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This disease has caused a global health crisis.
While the majority of patients with COVID-19 develop a mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 20-30% of hospitalized patients have required intensive care support and 5% of those have multi-organ failure or shock. The case fatality rate ranges from 1 to 4% and it is higher among those with pre-existing comorbid conditions (high-risk) such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity, chronic respiratory disease, hypertension, and cancer.
To date, treatments for COVID-19 in high-risk individuals remain experimental and therapeutic strategies to deal with the infection are at best supportive, with prevention aimed at reducing transmission in the community as the best weapon. No proven therapies have been demonstrated to prevent progression of COVID-19 to severe illness in confirmed outpatients with COVID-19 and this is a critical unmet need for high-risk individuals and warrants study. Furthermore, there are no effective medications for the use in outpatients with confirmed mild to moderate COVID-19 disease.
This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-arm, multicenter, phase II trial design to allow a rapid efficacy and toxicity assessment of potential therapies, camostat mesilate (serine protease inhibitor) and Artemisia annua (unknown mechanism) immediately after COVID-19 positive testing in mild to moderate disease and high-risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity among others. The hypothesis of this study is that the addition of agents that inhibit viral entry or replication of SARS-CoV-2 virus, such as Artemisia annua and camostat, will reduce the rate of a composite outcome of hospitalization due to COVID-19 pneumonia or the use of oxygen therapy; will be devoid of additional moderate to severe toxicities; and will improve viral clearance at Day 14 in high-risk individuals. The main hypothesis is that the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infected patients at higher risk of poor outcomes following infection will be improved compared to the standard of care when introduced as an early intervention after diagnosis.
Study Type
Enrollment (Actual)
Phase
- Phase 2
Contacts and Locations
Study Locations
-
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None - Non-US/Canada
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Mexico City, None - Non-US/Canada, Mexico, 14020
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
-
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Genders Eligible for Study
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- Age ≥18 years
- Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection within 3 days (of proposed consent) or the presence of symptoms or signs providing a high probability of COVID-19 disease who have symptoms within 7 days prior to diagnosis as determined by Infectious Disease specialist or treating physicians.
- Outpatients. No previous hospitalization within the past 3 months.
Subjects must have at least one of the following high-risk features for clinical deterioration:
- Hypertension
- Diabetes mellitus
- Moderate to severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or asthma
- Cancer patients who have received any immunosuppressive drugs within a year from enrollment.
- Obesity as defined by a body mass index > 30 kg/m2.
- Living in a nursing home or long-term facility
- Underlying serious heart condition as determined by the treating physician
- Immunocompromised subject as defined by the treating physician or by the Infectious Disease specialist
- Ability to provide informed consent by the patient or healthcare proxy.
- Ability to return for repeated testing and observation to the hospital.
- Patients must have adequate organ and marrow function measured within the last 30 days as defined below:
- platelets ≥100,000
- aspartate transaminase or alanine transaminase ≤3 times institutional upper limit of normal
- creatinine ≤ 1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal OR
- glomerular filtration rate ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2 unless data exists supporting safe use at lower kidney function values, no lower than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2
Exclusion Criteria:
Severe COVID-19 is defined by one or more of the following:
- blood oxygen saturation ≤ 90%
- partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio < 300
- lung infiltrates ≥ 50% within 24 to 48 hours
Life-threatening COVID-19 is defined as one or more of the following:
- respiratory failure
- septic shock
- multiple organ dysfunction or failure
- Weight less than 45 kg.
- Pregnant or breast-feeding females
- Subjects on dialysis or with creatinine clearance < 45 ml/min
- Subjects who need antiviral administration due to severe viral diseases other than COVID-19, such as HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C
- Existing Division of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Toxicity Scale for determining the severity of adverse events grade 3 or greater.
- Uncontrolled seizure disorder
- Subjects with reflux esophagitis after chronic pancreatitis and gastrectomy surgery.
- Patients with reflux esophagitis after surgery.
- Known allergy to Artemisia annua or camostat mesilate.
- Currently receiving any study medications for other indications.
- Concurrent use of medication that would cause moderate or severe due to drug-drug interactions with study medication.
Specifically:
- Patients receiving Artemisia annua tea may not be currently taking strong inducers of CYP2A6, including phenobarbital and rifampin.
- Receipt in the 12 hours prior to enrollment, or planned administration during the 14-day study period that treating clinicians feel cannot be substituted for another medication, of any of the following: amiodarone; cimetidine; dofetilide; phenobarbital; phenytoin; or sotalol.
- Cancer patients receiving active immunosuppressive treatment cannot be enrolled unless they are on a treatment holiday with no antineoplastic treatment with 3 weeks of enrollment.
- Patients with genetic problems such as galactose intolerance, Lapp lactase deficiency, or glucose-galactose malabsorption
- Subjects who have a history of drug and/or alcohol abuse within 52 weeks before screening
- Enrollment on other experimental therapies for COVID-19.
- Inability to receive enteral medications
- Patients with psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
- Subjects who have a history of drug and/or alcohol abuse within 52 weeks before screening
- Any other condition that in the opinion of the treating physician justifies exclusion from the study.
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: Triple
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
Active Comparator: Camostat mesilate
100 mg tablet, 600 mg/day.
Oral, 2 tablets three times a day, after a meal (600 mg total daily dose) Days 1-14.
|
Tablets
Other Names:
|
Placebo Comparator: Camostat Placebo
Matched placebo
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Tablets
Other Names:
|
Active Comparator: Artemisia annua
Tea 225mg per bag,1350 mg/day.
Oral, one 8 oz brewed tea (two bags) three times a day, Days 1-14.
|
Tea bags
Other Names:
|
Placebo Comparator: Artemisia annua Placebo
Matched placebo
|
Tea bags
Other Names:
|
What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Rate of hospitalizations and oxygen use
Time Frame: 14 days
|
Decrease in a composite outcome of hospitalization and supplemental oxygen use at day 14 between treatment pairs.
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14 days
|
Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Jose G Gotes Palazuelos, MD, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kruger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Muller MA, Drosten C, Pohlmann S. SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor. Cell. 2020 Apr 16;181(2):271-280.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.052. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
- Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, Zhang L, Fan G, Xu J, Gu X, Cheng Z, Yu T, Xia J, Wei Y, Wu W, Xie X, Yin W, Li H, Liu M, Xiao Y, Gao H, Guo L, Xie J, Wang G, Jiang R, Gao Z, Jin Q, Wang J, Cao B. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020 Feb 15;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5. Epub 2020 Jan 24. Erratum In: Lancet. 2020 Jan 30;:
- Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020 Mar 17;323(11):1061-1069. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585. Erratum In: JAMA. 2021 Mar 16;325(11):1113.
- Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, Huang H, Zhang L, Zhou X, Du C, Zhang Y, Song J, Wang S, Chao Y, Yang Z, Xu J, Zhou X, Chen D, Xiong W, Xu L, Zhou F, Jiang J, Bai C, Zheng J, Song Y. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):934-943. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994. Erratum In: JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jul 1;180(7):1031.
- Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, Liu L, Shan H, Lei CL, Hui DSC, Du B, Li LJ, Zeng G, Yuen KY, Chen RC, Tang CL, Wang T, Chen PY, Xiang J, Li SY, Wang JL, Liang ZJ, Peng YX, Wei L, Liu Y, Hu YH, Peng P, Wang JM, Liu JY, Chen Z, Li G, Zheng ZJ, Qiu SQ, Luo J, Ye CJ, Zhu SY, Zhong NS; China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020 Apr 30;382(18):1708-1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032. Epub 2020 Feb 28.
- Becker RC. COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020 Jul;50(1):54-67. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02134-3. No abstract available.
- Del Rio C, Malani PN. COVID-19-New Insights on a Rapidly Changing Epidemic. JAMA. 2020 Apr 14;323(14):1339-1340. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3072. No abstract available.
- Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O'Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, Iosifidis C, Agha R. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg. 2020 Apr;76:71-76. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034. Epub 2020 Feb 26. Erratum In: Int J Surg. 2020 May;77:217.
- Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, Li SB, Wang HY, Zhang S, Gao HN, Sheng JF, Cai HL, Qiu YQ, Li LJ. Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series. BMJ. 2020 Feb 19;368:m606. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m606. Erratum In: BMJ. 2020 Feb 27;368:m792.
- Giacomelli A, Pezzati L, Conti F, Bernacchia D, Siano M, Oreni L, Rusconi S, Gervasoni C, Ridolfo AL, Rizzardini G, Antinori S, Galli M. Self-reported Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Cross-sectional Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 28;71(15):889-890. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa330. No abstract available.
- Garg S, Kim L, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Cummings C, Holstein R, Prill M, Chai SJ, Kirley PD, Alden NB, Kawasaki B, Yousey-Hindes K, Niccolai L, Anderson EJ, Openo KP, Weigel A, Monroe ML, Ryan P, Henderson J, Kim S, Como-Sabetti K, Lynfield R, Sosin D, Torres S, Muse A, Bennett NM, Billing L, Sutton M, West N, Schaffner W, Talbot HK, Aquino C, George A, Budd A, Brammer L, Langley G, Hall AJ, Fry A. Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Apr 17;69(15):458-464. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6915e3.
- Ortiz-Brizuela E, Villanueva-Reza M, Gonzalez-Lara MF, Tamez-Torres KM, Roman-Montes CM, Diaz-Mejia BA, Perez-Garcia E, Olivas-Martinez A, Rajme-Lopez S, Martinez-Guerra BA, de-Leon-Cividanes NA, Fernandez-Garcia OA, Guerrero-Torres L, Torres-Gonzalez L, Carrera-Patino FA, Corral-Herrera EA, Hernandez-Alemon AN, Tovar-Vargas MLA, Serrano-Pinto YG, Espejo-Ortiz CE, Morales-Ortega ML, Lozano-Cruz OA, Cardenas-Fragoso JL, Vidal-Mayo JJ, Hernandez-Gilsoul T, Rivero-Sigarroa E, Dominguez-Cherit G, Cervantes-Villar LE, Ramos-Cervantes MDP, Ibarra-Gonzalez V, Calva-Mercado JJ, Sierra-Madero JG, Lopez-Iniguez A, Ochoa-Hein E, Crabtree-Ramirez BE, Galindo-Fraga A, Guerrero-Almeida ML, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Gulias-Herrero A, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Kershenobich-Stalnikowitz D, Ponce-de-Leon A. CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH COVID-19 IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER IN MEXICO CITY: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Rev Invest Clin. 2020;72(3):165-177. doi: 10.24875/RIC.20000211. Erratum In: Rev Invest Clin. 2020;72(4):252-258.
- Bhimraj A, Morgan RL, Shumaker AH, Lavergne V, Baden L, Cheng VC, Edwards KM, Gandhi R, Muller WJ, O'Horo JC, Shoham S, Murad MH, Mustafa RA, Sultan S, Falck-Ytter Y. Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 27:ciaa478. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa478. Online ahead of print.
- Yamaya M, Shimotai Y, Hatachi Y, Lusamba Kalonji N, Tando Y, Kitajima Y, Matsuo K, Kubo H, Nagatomi R, Hongo S, Homma M, Nishimura H. The serine protease inhibitor camostat inhibits influenza virus replication and cytokine production in primary cultures of human tracheal epithelial cells. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2015 Aug;33:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2015.07.001. Epub 2015 Jul 10.
- Kawase M, Shirato K, van der Hoek L, Taguchi F, Matsuyama S. Simultaneous treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells with serine and cysteine protease inhibitors prevents severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus entry. J Virol. 2012 Jun;86(12):6537-45. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00094-12. Epub 2012 Apr 11.
- Zhou Y, Vedantham P, Lu K, Agudelo J, Carrion R Jr, Nunneley JW, Barnard D, Pohlmann S, McKerrow JH, Renslo AR, Simmons G. Protease inhibitors targeting coronavirus and filovirus entry. Antiviral Res. 2015 Apr;116:76-84. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.01.011. Epub 2015 Feb 7.
- Coote K, Atherton-Watson HC, Sugar R, Young A, MacKenzie-Beevor A, Gosling M, Bhalay G, Bloomfield G, Dunstan A, Bridges RJ, Sabater JR, Abraham WM, Tully D, Pacoma R, Schumacher A, Harris J, Danahay H. Camostat attenuates airway epithelial sodium channel function in vivo through the inhibition of a channel-activating protease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2009 May;329(2):764-74. doi: 10.1124/jpet.108.148155. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
- Rowe SM, Reeves G, Hathorne H, Solomon GM, Abbi S, Renard D, Lock R, Zhou P, Danahay H, Clancy JP, Waltz DA. Reduced sodium transport with nasal administration of the prostasin inhibitor camostat in subjects with cystic fibrosis. Chest. 2013 Jul;144(1):200-207. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-2431.
- Krishna S, Bustamante L, Haynes RK, Staines HM. Artemisinins: their growing importance in medicine. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Oct;29(10):520-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2008.07.004. Epub 2008 Aug 25.
- Rosenthal PJ. Artesunate for the treatment of severe falciparum malaria. N Engl J Med. 2008 Apr 24;358(17):1829-36. doi: 10.1056/NEJMct0709050. No abstract available.
- Zhang X, Zhao Y, Guo L, Qiu Z, Huang L, Qu X. Differences in chemical constituents of Artemisia annua L from different geographical regions in China. PLoS One. 2017 Sep 7;12(9):e0183047. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183047. eCollection 2017.
- Munyangi J, Cornet-Vernet L, Idumbo M, Lu C, Lutgen P, Perronne C, Ngombe N, Bianga J, Mupenda B, Lalukala P, Mergeai G, Mumba D, Towler M, Weathers P. Artemisia annua and Artemisia afra tea infusions vs. artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) in treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a large scale, double blind, randomized clinical trial. Phytomedicine. 2019 Apr;57:49-56. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.002. Epub 2018 Dec 5.
- Naesens L, Bonnafous P, Agut H, De Clercq E. Antiviral activity of diverse classes of broad-acting agents and natural compounds in HHV-6-infected lymphoblasts. J Clin Virol. 2006 Dec;37 Suppl 1:S69-75. doi: 10.1016/S1386-6532(06)70015-4.
- Li SY, Chen C, Zhang HQ, Guo HY, Wang H, Wang L, Zhang X, Hua SN, Yu J, Xiao PG, Li RS, Tan X. Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2005 Jul;67(1):18-23. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.02.007.
- Wang C, Xuan X, Yao W, Huang G, Jin J. Anti-profibrotic effects of artesunate on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in Sprague Dawley rats. Mol Med Rep. 2015 Jul;12(1):1291-7. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3500. Epub 2015 Mar 17.
- Berry SM, Alarid ET, Beebe DJ. One-step purification of nucleic acid for gene expression analysis via Immiscible Filtration Assisted by Surface Tension (IFAST). Lab Chip. 2011 May 21;11(10):1747-53. doi: 10.1039/c1lc00004g. Epub 2011 Mar 21.
- Wong CK, Lam CW, Wu AK, Ip WK, Lee NL, Chan IH, Lit LC, Hui DS, Chan MH, Chung SS, Sung JJ. Plasma inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Apr;136(1):95-103. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02415.x.
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- Gee JR, Saltzstein DR, Kim K, Kolesar J, Huang W, Havighurst TC, Wollmer BW, Stublaski J, Downs T, Mukhtar H, House MG, Parnes HL, Bailey HH. A Phase II Randomized, Double-blind, Presurgical Trial of Polyphenon E in Bladder Cancer Patients to Evaluate Pharmacodynamics and Bladder Tissue Biomarkers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2017 May;10(5):298-307. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0167. Epub 2017 Mar 21.
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Actual)
Study Completion (Actual)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Keywords
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
- Coronavirus Infections
- Coronaviridae Infections
- Nidovirales Infections
- RNA Virus Infections
- Virus Diseases
- Infections
- Respiratory Tract Infections
- Respiratory Tract Diseases
- Pneumonia, Viral
- Pneumonia
- Lung Diseases
- COVID-19
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Protease Inhibitors
- Serine Proteinase Inhibitors
- Trypsin Inhibitors
- Camostat
Other Study ID Numbers
- 3421
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.
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