The Virtual Reality Therapy as a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Supporting Method

The Evaluation of the Efficiency of Immersive Virtual Reality Therapy as a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Supporting Method

This study evaluates the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) therapy in the treatment of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients undergoing the pulmonary rehabilitation. The first study group will receive VR therapy (VR group) as an addition to the traditional pulmonary rehabilitation. The second group (active control group) will receive Schultz Autogenic Training as a standard supplement to the pulmonary treatment. The third group (control group) will undergo only the traditional pulmonary rehabilitation.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Mood Disorders; Stress; Depressive Symptoms; Pulmonary Disease; Anxiety State; COPD
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Virtual therapeutic support; Behavioral: Pulmonary rehabilitation

Detailed Description

Pulmonary rehabilitation leads to the improvement to the physical capacity and overall fitness of the patients with COPD allowing restoration of independence in daily functioning.

Psychological support is required in order to reduce the negative psychological symptoms related to both the pulmonary disease itself and the comorbidities. In this study the investigators want to assess the effectiveness of the virtual reality (VR) therapy compared to standard psychological support (Schultz Autogenic Training).

Thanks to using head mounted display (VR goggles 2018) and the phenomenon of total immersion VR therapy allows to completely separate the patient from the hospital environment, provides an intense visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimulation. Depending on the stage of therapy it can have a calming and mood-improving effect or, in another part of the therapy, it can motivate the patient to the rehabilitation process. The additional aim of the VR therapy is to help the patients regain their emotional balance, let them recognize their psychological resources and trigger the natural recovery mechanisms.

The goals of the project:

1. The evaluation of the influence of VR therapy on the depressive symptoms, the anxiety level and the stress level of the patients undergoing the pulmonary rehabilitation.
2. The comparison of the influence of the VR therapy and Schultz Autogenic Training on the pulmonary rehabilitation process.
3. The evaluation of the pulmonary therapy improvements in patients with and without depressive, anxiety or stress symptoms.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 50
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Poland
  • Dolnoslaskie
    • Wroclaw, Dolnoslaskie, Poland, 51-612
      • University School of Physical Education
  • Opolskie
    • Glucholazy, Opolskie, Poland, 48-340
      • Specialist Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 45 years to 85 years (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• COPD;
• Pulmonary rehabilitation conducted in ward settings;
• anxiety symptoms scored 8 and more in HADS-A or depressive symptoms scored 8 and more in HADS-D.

Exclusion Criteria:

• inability to self-complete the research questionnaires;
• presence of the following issues at the time of the examination or in the medical data: disturbances of consciousness, psychotic symptoms or other serious psychiatric disorders;
• initiation of psychiatric treatment during the research project;
• contraindications for virtual therapy (epilepsy, vertigo, eyesight impairment);
• the patient's refusal at any stage of the research project.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Single

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: VR therapy group; Pulmonary rehabilitation supplemented by VR therapy	Device: Virtual therapeutic support; 8 sessions of VR therapy (each of them 20 minutes long). As a virtual reality source, VR Tier One device (Stolgraf®) were used. Thanks to using head mounted display and the phenomenon of total immersion VR therapy provides an intense visual, auditory and kinesthetic stimulation. It can have a calming and mood-improving effect or help the patients recognize their psychological resources and motivate to the rehabilitation process. In the virtual therapeutic garden there are a rich set of symbols and metaphors based on Ericksonian Psychotherapy approach. The most important is the Garden of Revival which symbolizes the patient's health. It used to be full of life and energy, now it is neglected, requires work to be revived. In the therapeutic process day by day, the therapist tells the patient a symbolic story about his/her situation. By performing tasks in the virtual garden, the patient becomes an active participant of the therapeutic process and sees the effects his/her work.
Active Comparator: Active Control Group; Pulmonary rehabilitation supplemented by Schultz Autogenic Training	Behavioral: Pulmonary rehabilitation; Three weeks of pulmonary rehabilitation conducted in an outpatient care facility: 5- time a week for 30 minutes a specific respiratory exercises- relaxation exercises for breathing muscles, exercises to increase breathing, prolonged exhalation exercise, chest percussion; 5- time a week for 20-30 min training on a cycle ergometer - until the Heart Rate reaches 60% of the HRmax; 5- time a week for 30 minutes a fitness and respiratory exercises - coordination and balance exercises, stretching exercises; relaxation by Schultz Autogenic Training. The technique involves the daily practice of sessions that last around 15 minutes. During each session, the practitioner repeats a set of visualisations that induce a state of relaxation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)	The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a fourteen-item scale scoring from 0 to 3 for each item. The first seven items relate to anxiety (HADS-A), and the remaining seven items relate to depression (HADS-D). The global scoring ranges from 0 to 42 with a cut-off point of 8/21 for anxiety and 8/21 for depression. The higher the score, the greater anxiety or depression symptoms. HADS will be performed at the beginning and after four weeks of treatment.	15 minutes
Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ)	The Perception of Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) is a 27-item scale scoring from 1 to 5 for each item. 21 items examine the level of stress in the area of emotional tension, external stress and intrapsychic stress, and 6 items refer to the lie scale. The global scoring for perception of stress ranges from 21 to 105 with a cut-off point of 60 for high level of perceived stress. The higher the score, the greater the sense of stress. PSQ will be performed at the beginning and after four weeks of treatment.	30 minutes

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT)	The six-minute walk test measures the distance a patient is able to walk over a total of six minutes on a firm, flat surface. The aim is for the patient to walk as far as possible in six minutes. The patient is allowed to self-pace and rest as needed as they traverse back and forth along a marked walkway.	10 minutes
Spirometry Test	The Forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1%pred.) will be analysed as part of the lung function test. The patient is asked to take the deepest breath they can, and then exhale into the sensor as hard as possible, for as long as possible, preferably at least 6 seconds. It is sometimes directly followed by a rapid inhalation, in particular when assessing possible upper airway obstruction. The predicted values will be calculated based on age, weight, and height.	20 minutes

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw
• Collaborators: Foundation for Senior Citizen Activation SIWY DYM
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sebastian Rutkowski, PhD, The Opole University of Technology, Poland; Study Director: Joanna Szczepańska- Gieracha, Prof, University School of Physical Education, Poland; Study Chair: Joanna Szczepańska-Gieracha, Prof, University School of Physical Education, Poland

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Bhandari NJ, Jain T, Marolda C, ZuWallack RL. Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation results in clinically meaningful improvements in anxiety and depression in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2013 Mar-Apr;33(2):123-7. doi: 10.1097/HCR.0b013e31828254d4.
• da Costa CC, de Azeredo Lermen C, Colombo C, Canterle DB, Machado ML, Kessler A, Teixeira PJ. Effect of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program on the levels of anxiety and depression and on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Rev Port Pneumol. 2014 Nov-Dec;20(6):299-304. doi: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2014.03.007. Epub 2014 May 27.
• Luk EK, Gorelik A, Irving L, Khan F. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy in a community-based pulmonary rehabilitation programme: A controlled clinical trial. J Rehabil Med. 2017 Mar 6;49(3):264-269. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2189.
• Coventry PA, Bower P, Keyworth C, Kenning C, Knopp J, Garrett C, Hind D, Malpass A, Dickens C. The effect of complex interventions on depression and anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 5;8(4):e60532. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060532. Print 2013.
• Panagioti M, Scott C, Blakemore A, Coventry PA. Overview of the prevalence, impact, and management of depression and anxiety in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2014 Nov 13;9:1289-306. doi: 10.2147/COPD.S72073. eCollection 2014.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): October 23, 2020
• Primary Completion (Actual): November 13, 2020
• Study Completion (Actual): November 13, 2020

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 19, 2020
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: October 19, 2020
• First Posted (Actual): October 23, 2020

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): November 17, 2020
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: November 13, 2020
• Last Verified: November 1, 2020

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: COPD; depression; anxiety; stress; psychotherapy; virtual reality; pulmonary rehabilitation
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Behavioral Symptoms; Mental Disorders; Depression; Mood Disorders
• Other Study ID Numbers: VR TierOne PR

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: No

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No