Evaluation of Erector Spina Plane Block(ESPB)'s Effectiveness on Patients With Lumbar Radiculopathy

February 20, 2022 updated by: Bezmialem Vakif University
A new regional anaesthetic block technique is described in this issue of Anaesthesia by Chin et al. whereby local anaesthetic is injected within a plane beneath the erector spinae muscle to achieve analgesia for abdominal surgery. After this the block has been used successfully for many implications such as post-herpetic neuralgia, thoracic and abdominal chronic or acute pain management, rib fractures, breast surgery, chronic cancer pain and etc. Cadaveric and radiologic data showed that contrast injected into the tissue plane deep to erector spinae muscle and superficial to the transverse processes and intertransverse connective tissues penetrates anteriorly to anesthetize the spinal nerves. And some cadeveric studies resulted with where both the dorsal and ventral rami of the thoracic spinal nerves were marked with dye after ESPB. Some studies even showed that dye reached to the epidural space. In this manner we we hypothesize that ESPB could be effective with radiculopathy pain.

Study Overview

Status

Recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Forero et al. proposed in 2016 an interfascial block to provide analgesia to patients suffering from thoracic chronic pain consisting of an injection of local anesthetic inside the erector spinae plane (ESP). As stated by the authors in their original work, the discovery of this technique was casual, but subsequent observations showed that this "casual" technique had a wide range of possible indications not only to thoracic area but varying from chronic to acute traumatic pain, from thoracic to orthopedic surgery, from children to elderly patients.

There are three groups of muscles involved in this block: erector spinae muscles group, transverso-spinal muscles group and levatores rostrum. Erector spinae muscles are not a single muscle, but a really complex muscular group formed by ileocostalis muscles, longissimus muscles and spinalis muscles. These muscles link bone components of the back to each other: the spinous process to spinous process, rib to rib and transverse process to transverse process.Deep to this group of muscles, we find the transverso-spinal group of muscles connecting the transverse processes to the spinous processes (semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores), and deeper still are the levatores rostrum, originating from the transverse processes and inserting into the ribs. Together, all these muscles act as a geometrical structure that would facilitate the spread of local anesthetic.

The ESP block's therapeutic effect is attributed to the cranial-caudal spread of local anesthetic over multiple vertebral levels in the musculofascial plane deep to the erector spinae muscle, accompanied by diffusion anteriorly into the contiguous paravertebral and intercostal spaces, where the local anesthetic then acts on the ventral and dorsal rami of spinal nerves. The subsequent realization that the erector spinae muscle extends from the lumbar spine to cervical spine led to extrapolation of the ESP block for many different indications in different regions of the body.

Since after Forero's proposition in 2016 many researchers successfully tried ESPB primarily in post-operative pain and acute trauma pain management. More recently there have been some studies focusing on musculoskeletal originated pain such as myofascial pain syndrome, chronic shoulder pain/frozen shoulder etc. In this manner we hypothesize that ESPB could be effective for reducing pain effectively in a short treatment time. And considering other spinal interventions for radiculopathy pain such as transforaminal/epidural blocks require more skilled stuff, scopy device and a special place for it. Since ESPB can be done via ultrasonography and needs less stuff we also think that it can be a more cost efficient treatment choice for radiculopathy pain.

Study Type

Interventional

Enrollment (Anticipated)

46

Phase

  • Early Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Locations

  • Turkey
      • Istanbul, Turkey
        • Recruiting
        • Bezmialem Vakıf University
        • Contact:
        • Sub-Investigator:
          • Mert Kara, MD

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

18 years to 75 years (Adult, Older Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

No

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Aged between 18 and 75
  • MRI proven radiculopathy
  • Pain level on NRS should be at least 4 and above

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Congenital or acquired musculospinal deformities
  • Pregnancy or lactation
  • Systemic inflammatory or infectious diseases
  • Patients with high risk of bleeding(usage of coumadin etc)
  • Malignancy
  • Neuromuscular diseases
  • Unstable psychiatric condition
  • Patient get any kind of intervention(transforaminal or epidural injections, radiofrequency treatment etc) to the pain source

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Treatment
  • Allocation: Non-Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm
Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Intervention
Patients that will get ESPB, NSAID and exercise programme
Procedure: Erector Spinae Plane Block
Erector spinae block (ESB) is an ultrasound-guided interfascial plane block. The local anesthetic is injected using ultrasound guidance superficial to transverse process and deep to erector spinae muscle group
Drug: NSAID
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation.
Other Names:
  • Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic Treatment
Behavioral: Home Exercise Programme
Home exercise programme will include some stretches that aid in pain relief by helping take stress off the low back and hips, core stabilization exercises and postural exercises.
Other Names:
  • Exercise
Active Comparator: Control
Patients that will only get NSAID and exercise programme
Drug: NSAID
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation.
Other Names:
  • Anti-inflammatory/Analgesic Treatment
Behavioral: Home Exercise Programme
Home exercise programme will include some stretches that aid in pain relief by helping take stress off the low back and hips, core stabilization exercises and postural exercises.
Other Names:
  • Exercise

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Pain Assesment
Time Frame: Change from Baseline NPRS at 1st and 3rd months
The Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is a subjective measure in which individuals rate their pain on an eleven-point numerical scale. The scale is composed of 0 (no pain at all) to 10 (worst imaginable pain).Numerical Rating Scales have shown high correlations with other pain-assessment tools in several studies. The feasibility of its use and good compliance have also been proven.
Change from Baseline NPRS at 1st and 3rd months
The Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ)
Time Frame: Change from Baseline HAQ at 1st and 3rd months

The HAQ was developed as a comprehensive measure of outcome in patients with a wide variety of rheumatic diseases. It has also been applied to patients with man diseases and in studies of normal aging. It should be considered a generic rather than a disease-specific instrument. Its focus is on self-reported patient-oriented outcome measures, rather than process measures.

The Aides and Devices are assigned to the specific 8 HAQ sections as follows:

Dressing: Devices used for dressing (button hook, zipper pull, shoe horn, etc.) Arising: Special or built up chair Eating: Built up or special utensils Walking: Cane, Walker, Crutches, Wheelchair Hygiene: Bathtub bar, Long-handled appliances in bathroom, Raised toilet seat Reach: Long-handled appliances for reach Grip: Jar opener for jars previously opened Scoring within each section is from 0 (without any difficulty) to 3 (unable to do). For each section the score given to that section is the worst score within the section.
Change from Baseline HAQ at 1st and 3rd months
Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire
Time Frame: Change from Baseline ODI at 1st and 3rd months

The Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) is an index derived from the Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire used by clinicians and researchers to quantify disability for low back pain.The self-completed questionnaire contains ten topics concerning intensity of pain, lifting, ability to care for oneself, ability to walk, ability to sit, sexual function, ability to stand, social life, sleep quality, and ability to travel.

Each topic category is followed by 6 statements describing different potential scenarios in the patient's life and the patient checks the statement which most closely resembles their situation. Each question is scored on a scale of 0-5 with the first statement being zero and indicating the least amount of disability and the last statement is scored 5 indicating most severe disability. The scores for all questions answered are summed, then multiplied by two to obtain the index (range 0 to 100). Zero is equated with no disability and 100 is the maximum disability possible.
Change from Baseline ODI at 1st and 3rd months
Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire
Time Frame: Change from Baseline RMQ at 1st and 3rd months

RMQ is a self-administered disability measure in which greater levels of disability are reflected by higher numbers on a 24-point scale. The RMQ has been shown to yield reliable measurements, which are valid for inferring the level of disability, and to be sensitive to change over time for groups of patients with low back pain. A patient taking the survey agrees or disagrees with these statements (Yes/No).

The final score, out of 24 represents the degree of disability due to low back pain. A maximum score of 24 indicates the greatest degree of disability from back pain. This score may be used to monitor the pain and symptoms of patients with back pain over time.
Change from Baseline RMQ at 1st and 3rd months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in Lomber Range of Motion(ROM)
Time Frame: Change from Baseline Lomber ROM at 1st and 3rd months

The Lumbar Spine normal active range of motion is as follows:

Flexion: 70-90* Extension: 30* Lateral Flexion: 30* Rotation: 30* Decreased in Range of motion in lumbar spine mostly caused by muscle/fascia adhesion and tightness limiting your mobility. Another more likely scenario is that fixation in vertebra or another cause of pain. The motion restriction and muscle tightness often exist together but can be separate as well.
Change from Baseline Lomber ROM at 1st and 3rd months

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Bezmialem Vakif University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

March 1, 2022

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

August 30, 2022

Study Completion (Anticipated)

November 30, 2022

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 2, 2022

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 20, 2022

First Posted (Actual)

March 2, 2022

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 2, 2022

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 20, 2022

Last Verified

February 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • 13.01.2022-E.46715-23/1

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?

No

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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