Short Against Long Antibiotic Therapy for Infected Orthopedic Sites (SALATIO)

The investigators will perform two concomitant RCTs, depending on the presence of infected osteosynthesis material at enrolment:

- SALATIO 1. Infected implant not removed (or new material inserted): Randomization 6 vs. 12 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy.

- SALATIO 2. Infected implant without residual material (definitive removal or within the interval of a two-stage exchange): Randomization 3 vs. 6 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Antibiotic Side Effect; Infection, Surgical Site; Orthopedic Devices Associated With Misadventures
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Antibiotic

Detailed Description

The optimal duration of postoperative, systemic antibiotic therapy for implant-related orthopedic infections, with or without implant removal, is unknown.

Retrospective studies suggest that a maximum duration of 6 weeks is not inferior to longer administrations; even if the infected implants are kept in place or during a one-stage exchange. Prospective-randomized trials (RCT) suggest that even shorter durations, such 3 or 4 weeks, are possible, when the implant is removed. Likewise, in prospective studies, 6 or 8 weeks of systemic antibiotics are not inferior to the current 12 weeks during DAIR (debridement, antibiotic and implant retention), or during the one-stage exchange; except for one single RCT suggesting a better outcome for 12 weeks in the substrata of arthroplasty infections undergoing the DAIR procedure.

However, these RCTs concern selected branches of orthopedic surgery; especially prosthetic joint infections. The investigators intend to expand these evaluations to all fields of orthopedic and hand surgery. The only exceptions would be spine surgery, for which a multicenter, separate RCT is already under way (SASI-trials). The second exception would be the treatment of implant-free diabetic foot infections, for which two RCTs are underway.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Anticipated): 240
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Mazda Farshad, Professor; Phone Number: ++41 44 386 30 00; Email: mazda.farshad@balgrist.ch

Study Locations

• Switzerland
  • Zurich, Switzerland, 8008
    • Recruiting
    • Balgrist University Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: 18 years and older (Adult, Older Adult)
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years on admission
• Orthopedic bone and implant infections including musculoskeletal grafts
• Intraoperative debridement with any surgical technique
• 12 months of scheduled follow-up from hospitalization
• Bacterial orthopedic infections of any nature
• First or second episode of infection

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mycobacterial, fungal, nocardial, and Actinomyces infections
• Purely soft tissue infections
• Non-resected cancer in the infection site
• Purely intrasynovial infections (native joint septic arthritis)
• More than three debridements performed for infection
• Absence of at least one surgical intraoperative debridement
• Spine infections (investigated in another trial)10
• Diabetic foot infections (investigated in another trial)7
• Documented endocarditis according to the Duke criteria
• At least 2 prior infection episodes at the actual infection site

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Active Comparator: Long Antibiotic Arm; Without implant material in place: 6 weeks of systemic post-surgical antibiotic therapy With mateial in place 12 weeks of systemic post-surgical antibiotic therapy	Drug: Antibiotic; The investigators will perform two concomitant RCTs, depending on the presence of infected osteosynthesis material at enrolment: - SALATIO 1. Infected implant not removed (or new material inserted): Randomization 6 vs. 12 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy. - SALATIO 2. Infected implant without residual material (definitive removal or within the interval of a two-stage exchange): Randomization 3 vs. 6 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy.
Experimental: Short Antibiotic Arm; Without implant material in place: 3 weeks of systemic post-surgical antibiotic therapy With mateial in place 6 weeks of systemic post-surgical antibiotic therapy	Drug: Antibiotic; The investigators will perform two concomitant RCTs, depending on the presence of infected osteosynthesis material at enrolment: - SALATIO 1. Infected implant not removed (or new material inserted): Randomization 6 vs. 12 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy. - SALATIO 2. Infected implant without residual material (definitive removal or within the interval of a two-stage exchange): Randomization 3 vs. 6 weeks (+/- 5 days) of total antibiotic therapy counted since the first debridement for infection. Early switch to oral targeted therapy.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Clinical remission related to the duration of total, postdebridement, antibiotic use	Clinical assessment during routine surgical controls. Definition of clinical failure accoding to to sandard criteria in the literature (surgical revision, pain, local inflammation, discharge, several deep intraoperative bacterial tissue samples)	6 weeks postoperatively, or 1 year postoperatively in case of implant-related orthopedic surgery
Microbiological recurrence in relation to the total, postdebridement, antibiotic use	Recurrence of infection, with the same pathogens, after completing the antibiotic treatment for the index infection	6 weeks postoperatively, or 1 year postoperatively in case of implant-related orthopedic surgery

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Description of all clinical failures of any sort	Need for hospitalisation or revision surgery for any non-infectious failures related to the operation wound (hematoma, seroma, internal (closed) fractures, dislocation of implants)	6 weeks postoperatively, or 1 year postoperatively in case of implant-related orthopedic surgery
Adverse events in each study arm, and in relation to the antibiotics used	All adverse events during the therapy and follow-up time , with an emphasis on antibiotic-related adverse events (according to medical judgement). Numbers and descriptions.	6 weeks postoperatively, or 1 year postoperatively in case of implant-related orthopedic surgery
Length of hospital stay in acute care surgery (without rehabilitation)	The duration of the hospital stay for every episode in both randomizing arm	6 weeks postoperatively, or 1 year postoperatively in case of implant-related orthopedic surgery

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Balgrist University Hospital

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Chaussade H, Uckay I, Vuagnat A, Druon J, Gras G, Rosset P, Lipsky BA, Bernard L. Antibiotic therapy duration for prosthetic joint infections treated by Debridement and Implant Retention (DAIR): Similar long-term remission for 6 weeks as compared to 12 weeks. Int J Infect Dis. 2017 Oct;63:37-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2017.08.002. Epub 2017 Aug 10.
• Bernard L, Legout L, Zurcher-Pfund L, Stern R, Rohner P, Peter R, Assal M, Lew D, Hoffmeyer P, Uckay I. Six weeks of antibiotic treatment is sufficient following surgery for septic arthroplasty. J Infect. 2010 Jul;61(2):125-32. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 Jun 9.
• Hirsiger S, Betz M, Stafylakis D, Gotschi T, Lew D, Uckay I. The Benefice of Mobile Parts' Exchange in the Management of Infected Total Joint Arthroplasties with Prosthesis Retention (DAIR Procedure). J Clin Med. 2019 Feb 9;8(2):226. doi: 10.3390/jcm8020226.
• Farhad R, Roger PM, Albert C, Pelligri C, Touati C, Dellamonica P, Trojani C, Boileau P. Six weeks antibiotic therapy for all bone infections: results of a cohort study. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2010 Feb;29(2):217-22. doi: 10.1007/s10096-009-0842-1. Epub 2009 Dec 10.
• Gariani K, Pham TT, Kressmann B, Jornayvaz FR, Gastaldi G, Stafylakis D, Philippe J, Lipsky BA, Uckay L. Three Weeks Versus Six Weeks of Antibiotic Therapy for Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: A Prospective, Randomized, Noninferiority Pilot Trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021 Oct 5;73(7):e1539-e1545. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1758.
• Waibel F, Berli M, Catanzaro S, Sairanen K, Schoni M, Boni T, Burkhard J, Holy D, Huber T, Bertram M, Laubli K, Frustaci D, Rosskopf A, Botter S, Uckay I. Optimization of the antibiotic management of diabetic foot infections: protocol for two randomized controlled trials. Trials. 2020 Jan 8;21(1):54. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4006-z.
• Benkabouche M, Racloz G, Spechbach H, Lipsky BA, Gaspoz JM, Uckay I. Four versus six weeks of antibiotic therapy for osteoarticular infections after implant removal: a randomized trial. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2019 Aug 1;74(8):2394-2399. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkz202.
• Rod-Fleury T, Dunkel N, Assal M, Rohner P, Tahintzi P, Bernard L, Hoffmeyer P, Lew D, Uckay I. Duration of post-surgical antibiotic therapy for adult chronic osteomyelitis: a single-centre experience. Int Orthop. 2011 Nov;35(11):1725-31. doi: 10.1007/s00264-011-1221-y. Epub 2011 Feb 12.
• Betz M, Uckay I, Schupbach R, Grober T, Botter SM, Burkhard J, Holy D, Achermann Y, Farshad M. Short postsurgical antibiotic therapy for spinal infections: protocol of prospective, randomized, unblinded, noninferiority trials (SASI trials). Trials. 2020 Feb 6;21(1):144. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-4047-3.
• Argenson JN, Arndt M, Babis G, Battenberg A, Budhiparama N, Catani F, Chen F, de Beaubien B, Ebied A, Esposito S, Ferry C, Flores H, Giorgini A, Hansen E, Hernugrahanto KD, Hyonmin C, Kim TK, Koh IJ, Komnos G, Lausmann C, Loloi J, Lora-Tamayo J, Lumban-Gaol I, Mahyudin F, Mancheno-Losa M, Marculescu C, Marei S, Martin KE, Meshram P, Paprosky WG, Poultsides L, Saxena A, Schwechter E, Shah J, Shohat N, Sierra RJ, Soriano A, Stefansdottir A, Suleiman LI, Taylor A, Triantafyllopoulos GK, Utomo DN, Warren D, Whiteside L, Wouthuyzen-Bakker M, Yombi J, Zmistowski B. Hip and Knee Section, Treatment, Debridement and Retention of Implant: Proceedings of International Consensus on Orthopedic Infections. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Feb;34(2S):S399-S419. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2018.09.025. Epub 2018 Oct 19. No abstract available.
• Lora-Tamayo J, Euba G, Cobo J, Horcajada JP, Soriano A, Sandoval E, Pigrau C, Benito N, Falgueras L, Palomino J, Del Toro MD, Jover-Saenz A, Iribarren JA, Sanchez-Somolinos M, Ramos A, Fernandez-Sampedro M, Riera M, Baraia-Etxaburu JM, Ariza J; Prosthetic Joint Infection Group of the Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases-REIPI. Short- versus long-duration levofloxacin plus rifampicin for acute staphylococcal prosthetic joint infection managed with implant retention: a randomised clinical trial. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016 Sep;48(3):310-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.05.021. Epub 2016 Aug 3.
• Bernard L, Arvieux C, Brunschweiler B, Touchais S, Ansart S, Bru JP, Oziol E, Boeri C, Gras G, Druon J, Rosset P, Senneville E, Bentayeb H, Bouhour D, Le Moal G, Michon J, Aumaitre H, Forestier E, Laffosse JM, Begue T, Chirouze C, Dauchy FA, Devaud E, Martha B, Burgot D, Boutoille D, Stindel E, Dinh A, Bemer P, Giraudeau B, Issartel B, Caille A. Antibiotic Therapy for 6 or 12 Weeks for Prosthetic Joint Infection. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 27;384(21):1991-2001. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2020198.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): September 15, 2022
• Primary Completion (Anticipated): September 15, 2024
• Study Completion (Anticipated): September 30, 2025

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: August 11, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: August 11, 2022
• First Posted (Actual): August 12, 2022

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Estimate): February 28, 2023
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: February 27, 2023
• Last Verified: February 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: Duration; Antibiotic Therapy; Randomized-Controlled Trial; Orthopedic infectionsT
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Pathologic Processes; Infections; Postoperative Complications; Wound Infection; Surgical Wound Infection; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents
• Other Study ID Numbers: BASEC 2022-01012

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: YES
• IPD Plan Description: The investigators might share anonymized key elements upon reasonable scientific request to the corresponding persons
• IPD Sharing Time Frame: after the first interim analysis
• IPD Sharing Access Criteria: The investigators might share anonymized key elements upon reasonable scientific request to the corresponding persons
• IPD Sharing Supporting Information Type: STUDY_PROTOCOL; ICF; CSR

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No