Diuretics Alone vs. Aortix Endovascular Device for Acute Heart Failure (DRAIN-HF)

DRAIN-HF: Diuretics Alone vs. Aortix Endovascular Device for Acute Heart Failure

Aortix is a circulatory support device for chronic heart failure patients on medical management who have been hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and have persistent congestion despite usual medical therapy.

Eligible ADHF patients with diuretic resistance (irrespective of ejection fraction) will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 to either the Aortix system or standard of care medical management.

Study Overview

• Status: Recruiting
• Conditions: Heart Failure; Heart Failure, Diastolic; Cardio-Renal Syndrome; Heart Failure, Systolic; Heart Failure, Congestive; Heart Failure; With Decompensation; Cardiorenal Syndrome; ADHF
• Intervention / Treatment: Device: Aortix System

Detailed Description

The study is a prospective, multi-center, randomized, nonblinded study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Aortix System versus standard of care medical therapy in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and persistent congestion despite usual medical management.Eligible ADHF patients with diuretic resistance (irrespective of ejection fraction) will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 to either the Aortix system or standard of care medical management. Randomization will be stratified by ejection fraction..

An additional registry arm will enroll patients who are considered candidates for advanced therapies in the near-term, but need improvement in their renal function to be able to receive additional medical therapies. All eligible enrolled registry subjects will receive Aortix system support.

Planned study population is male or female patients 21 years of age or greater, with acute decompensated heart failure and diuretic resistance who remain congested despite standard of care medical therapy.

This study will enroll up to 320 subjects with heart failure at 50 clinical sites in the United States and up to 5 OUS sites. The randomized study includes up to 240 subjects and the Advanced HF registry includes up to 80 subjects.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Estimated): 320
• Phase: Not Applicable

Contacts and Locations

• Study Contact: Name: Rubi Reyes-Fuentez; Phone Number: 832-536-1601; Email: rubi@procyrion.com

Study Locations

• Hungary
  • Budapest, Hungary
    • Recruiting
    • Semmelweis University
    • Contact: Laura Kosa-Hobor; Phone Number: 0036 20 825 0511; Email: hobor.laura@semmelweis.hu
    • Principal Investigator: Bela Merkely, MD
• United States
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85054
      • Recruiting
      • Mayo Clinic - Arizona
      • Principal Investigator: David Fortuin, M.D.
      • Contact: Erica Boyd; Phone Number: 480-342-3484; Email: boyd.erica@mayo.edu
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85006
      • Recruiting
      • Banner--University Medical Center Phoenix
      • Contact: Abisola Akinbobola, MSc
      • Principal Investigator: I-Hui Chiang, M.D.
    • Scottsdale, Arizona, United States, 85258
      • Terminated
      • HonorHealth Medical Center
  • California
    • Concord, California, United States, 94520
      • Recruiting
      • John Muir Health
      • Contact: Rita Trachuk
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143
      • Recruiting
      • University of California San Francisco
      • Contact: Cherry Ng
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94110
      • Recruiting
      • Zuckerberg San Francisco General
      • Contact: Katherine Steineman
      • Principal Investigator: Lucas Zier, MD
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94121
      • Terminated
      • San Francisco Veterans Administration
  • Florida
    • Pensacola, Florida, United States, 32504
      • Withdrawn
      • Ascension Sacred Heart
    • Tallahassee, Florida, United States, 32308
      • Terminated
      • Tallahassee Research Institute
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33606
      • Recruiting
      • University of South Florida
      • Contact: Mia Eifrid
      • Principal Investigator: Robby Wu, MD
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33613
      • Recruiting
      • AdventHealth Tampa
      • Principal Investigator: Oliver Abela, MD
      • Contact: Cynthia Paysor, LPN
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33607
      • Recruiting
      • BayCare Medical/St. Joseph's Hospital
      • Contact: Nirav Raval, MD; Phone Number: 813-397-1251
      • Sub-Investigator: Alok Singh, MD
    • Weston, Florida, United States, 33331
      • Recruiting
      • Cleveland Clinic Florida
      • Contact: Juan Armijos
      • Principal Investigator: Steve Minear, MD
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30308
      • Recruiting
      • Emory University Hospital
      • Contact: Wei Xu
      • Principal Investigator: Chandan Devireddy, MD
    • Augusta, Georgia, United States, 30309
      • Recruiting
      • Piedmont Healthcare Inc.
      • Principal Investigator: Darshak Karia, MD
      • Contact: Jennifer Hansen
    • Marietta, Georgia, United States, 30060
      • Terminated
      • Wellstar Research Institue
  • Illinois
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60637
      • Recruiting
      • University of Chicago
      • Principal Investigator: Jonathan Grinstein, MD
      • Contact: Ransford Botchey
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60657
      • Recruiting
      • Advocate IMMC
      • Contact: Maci Eiber
    • Downers Grove, Illinois, United States, 60515
      • Active, not recruiting
      • Advocate Aurora - Good Samaritan
  • Kansas
    • Wichita, Kansas, United States, 67226
      • Terminated
      • Ascension via Christi Kansas
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109
      • Withdrawn
      • University of Michigan, Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
      • Recruiting
      • Henry Ford
      • Contact: Kelsey Neaton
  • Mississippi
    • Jackson, Mississippi, United States, 39216
      • Recruiting
      • University of Mississippi Medical Center
      • Contact: Memrie Cochran
  • New Jersey
    • Hackensack, New Jersey, United States, 07601
      • Recruiting
      • Hackensack University Medical Center
      • Contact: Stephanie Lynes
    • Neptune City, New Jersey, United States, 07753
      • Recruiting
      • Jersey Shore University Medical Center
      • Contact: Anne DeToro
  • New York
    • Brooklyn, New York, United States, 11215
      • Recruiting
      • New York Presbyterian - Brooklyn Methodist Hospital
      • Contact: Jhane Phanor; Email: jhp4004@nyp.org
      • Principal Investigator: Kumudha Ramasubbu
    • New York, New York, United States, 10025
      • Recruiting
      • Mount Sinai Morningside
      • Contact: Kathy Idrissi
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • Recruiting
      • Nyph/Cumc
      • Contact: Barbara Alvarez
    • New York, New York, United States, 10075
      • Terminated
      • Northwell Health (Lenox Hill)
    • Poughkeepsie, New York, United States, 12601
      • Recruiting
      • Nuvance Health
      • Contact: Tricia Landi
    • Staten Island, New York, United States, 10305
      • Recruiting
      • Northwell Health (Staten Island)
      • Contact: Sammi Ruan
  • North Carolina
    • Charlotte, North Carolina, United States, 28204
      • Recruiting
      • Atrium Health Sanger Heart and Vascular Institute
      • Contact: Krystal Winkler
    • Durham, North Carolina, United States, 27710
      • Recruiting
      • Duke University Medical Center
      • Contact: Kimberly Biever
    • Wilmington, North Carolina, United States, 28401
      • Withdrawn
      • Novant Health New Hanover Regional Medical Center
  • Ohio
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210
      • Recruiting
      • The Ohio State University
      • Contact: Diane Burke
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73120
      • Recruiting
      • Oklahoma Cardiovascular Research Group
      • Contact: Katie Kennedy
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97239
      • Active, not recruiting
      • Oregon Health & Sciences University
  • Pennsylvania
    • Abington, Pennsylvania, United States, 19001
      • Recruiting
      • Jefferson Abington Hospital
      • Contact: Colleen Marchand
      • Principal Investigator: Alexander Shpilman, MD
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107
      • Recruiting
      • Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
      • Contact: Maura Wasilewski
      • Contact: Jess Amos
      • Principal Investigator: Alec Vishvevsky
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • Recruiting
      • Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
      • Contact: Margaret Bussineau
  • South Carolina
    • Anderson, South Carolina, United States, 29621
      • Recruiting
      • AnMed Health
      • Contact: Jennifer Lee
  • Texas
    • Fort Worth, Texas, United States, 76104
      • Withdrawn
      • Baylor Scott & White
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030
      • Recruiting
      • Texas Heart Institute
      • Contact: Jeanine Bacani
      • Principal Investigator: Joggy George, MD
    • Plano, Texas, United States, 75093
      • Withdrawn
      • Baylor Scott & White
  • Utah
    • Murray, Utah, United States, 84107
      • Withdrawn
      • Intermountain Health
  • Virginia
    • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22908
      • Terminated
      • University of Virginia
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23219
      • Recruiting
      • Virginia Commonwealth University
      • Contact: Melissa Sears

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria (Randomized Study):

• Currently admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of decompensated heart failure, irrespective of ejection fraction (EF);
• Patients should be on maximally tolerated diuretic therapy and not diuresing sufficiently before being enrolled in DRAIN-HF. After being up-titrated on diuretics, patients should be followed for at least 24 hours on the higher of: i) furosemide 80 mg IV bid or equivalent or ii) IV furosemide or equivalent IV loop diuretic at a dose 2.5 x total daily home dose of furosemide equivalents in 2 divided doses, as tolerated, patient must have: Urine Output <1,500mL in a 12-hour period OR a Net Fluid Loss ≤375mL in a 12-hour period.
• Persistent signs and/or symptoms of congestion as evidenced by at least 2+ pitting edema, elevated jugular venous pressure >12 cm water or ascites after treatment with IV diuretics per inclusion criterion 2.;
• Age >21 years and able to provide written informed consent;
• Negative pregnancy test if patient is of child-bearing potential.

Exclusion Criteria (Randomized Study):

• Treatment with high dose IV inotropes within the last 48 hours prior to enrollment. High dose is defined as >5 µg/kg/min dopamine OR >5 µg/kg/min dobutamine OR >0.375 µg/kg/min milrinone;
• Active and ongoing hypotension with a systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg lasting more than 30 minutes or a mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg lasting more than 30 minutes at enrollment;
• Treatment with vasopressors (defined as phenylephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine or, vasopressin) within 48 hours prior to enrollment;
• An estimated PASP of >80 mmHg as measured on echocardiogram or echocardiographic evidence of primarily right heart failure;
• Acute kidney failure defined as an increase in serum creatinine to ≥4.0mg/dL (≥353.6 µmol/L) at enrollment;
• Evidence of contrast induced nephropathy, nephritis or nephrotic syndrome;
• Prior kidney transplant, single kidney, partial nephrectomy OR use of dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) or ultrafiltration in the last 90 days prior to enrollment;
• Confirmed decompensated cirrhosis (defined as Child Pugh class B or C) or concern for shock liver (AST > 1000U/L or total Bilirubin > 5.0mg/dl) at enrollment;
• Presence of an active, uncontrolled infection that would preclude safe placement or removal of the device;
• Prior heart transplant or likely heart transplantation before the 30- day follow-up visit;
• Current or previous support with a durable LVAD at any time or planned LVAD insertion before the 30-day follow-up visit;
• Use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), or percutaneous ventricular assist devices (e.g. Impella or TandemHeart) within the last 30 days;
• Confirmed diagnosis of AL amyloidosis;
• Acute myocardial infarction Type 1 within 30 days of enrollment, or planned coronary revascularization in the next 30 days;
• Stroke within 30 days of enrollment;

• Severe Bleeding Risk (any of the following):

  1. Previous intracranial bleed unless there is documentation in the medical record (from a physician that is not part of the study) that the patient can safely use anticoagulation for 7 days,
  2. GI bleeding within 6 months requiring hospitalization and/or transfusion,
  3. Recent major surgery within 30 days if the surgical wound is judged to be associated with an increased risk of bleeding,
  4. Procedure with arterial ilio-femoral access > 6 FR within 30 days,
  5. Platelet count <75,000 cells/mm3,
  6. Uncorrectable bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy (e.g. INR ≥2 not due to anticoagulation therapy) or hypercoaguable state including HIT;
  7. Inability to tolerate anticoagulation therapy for up to 7 days.

• Contraindicated Anatomy :

  1. Descending aortic anatomy that would prevent safe placement of the device [<18 mm or >31 mm aorta diameter at deployment location (measured between the superior aspect of the T10 vertebra and superior aspect of the L1 vertebra)],
  2. Ilio-femoral diameter or peripheral vascular anatomy that would preclude safe placement of a 21F (outer diameter) introducer sheath,
  3. Femoral artery depth inconsistent with use of closure device,
  4. Abnormalities or severe vascular disease that would preclude safe access and device delivery (e.g. aneurysm with thrombus, marked tortuosity, significant narrowing or inadequate size of the abdominal aorta, iliac or femoral arteries, or severe calcification),
  5. Known connective tissue disorder (e.g. Marfan Syndrome) or other aortopathy at risk of vascular injury,
  6. Any endovascular stent graft in the descending aorta. Any endovascular stent graft in the femoro-iliac vessels that is not well endothelialized and would preclude safe introduction/removal of the Aortix pump as demonstrated by imaging.
• Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to study or procedure medications (e.g. anticoagulation therapy) or device materials (e.g. history of severe reaction to nickel or nitinol);
• Participation in any other clinical investigation that is likely to confound study results or affect the study;
• Poor health such that the patient is unable to undergo the Aortix device placement/retrieval and/or unlikely to be able to survive to the 30-day visit;
• Unable or unwilling to undergo screening (imaging, PA Catheter placement), device implant and retrieval procedures or return for 30-day visit.

Inclusion Criteria (Advanced Heart Failure Registry):

• Currently admitted to the hospital with a primary diagnosis of decompensated HF, irrespective of ejection fraction (EF).
• Patient has already been evaluated and indicated to receive an LVAD or heart transplant and will receive the LVAD or be listed for heart transplantation in the next 30 days if their congestion status and renal function improves.
• Patient must have been treated with ≥ 80 mg IV furosemide bid or equivalent and have evidence of increasing diuretic dosing requirements over the past 12 months, as tolerated.
• Must have evidence of refractoriness to medical management as documented by persistent signs and/or symptoms of congestion as evidenced by at least 2+ pitting edema, elevated jugular venous pressure >12 cm water, or ascites after treatment with IV diuretics for a minimum of 24 hours.
• Serum creatinine ≥ 2.0 mg/dL AND eGFR ≤ 45 ml/min/1.73m2 at time of enrollment
• Age ≥ 21 years and able to provide written informed consent.
• Negative pregnancy test if patient is of childbearing potential.

Exclusion Criteria (Advanced Heart Failure Registry):

• Treatment with high dose IV inotropes within 48 hours prior to enrollment. High dose is defined as any one of the following: >5 µg/kg/min dopamine OR >5 µg/kg/min dobutamine OR >0.375 µg/kg/min milrinone.
• Active and ongoing hypotension with a systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg lasting more than 30 minutes or a mean arterial pressure (MAP) <55 mmHg lasting more than 30 minutes at enrollment.
• Treatment with vasopressors (defined as phenylephrine, norepinephrine, epinephrine or, vasopressin) within 48 hours prior to enrollment.
• An estimated PASP of >80 mmHg as measured on echocardiogram or echocardiographic evidence of primarily right heart failure.
• Acute kidney failure defined as an increase in serum creatinine to ≥ 4.0mg/dL at enrollment.
• Evidence of contrast-induced nephropathy, nephritis, or nephrotic syndrome.
• Prior kidney transplant, single kidney, partial nephrectomy OR use of dialysis, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), or ultrafiltration in the last 90 days prior to enrollment.
• Confirmed decompensated cirrhosis (defined as Child Pugh class B or C) or concern for shock liver (AST > 1000U/L or total Bilirubin > 5.0mg/dl) at enrollment.
• Presence of an active, uncontrolled infection that would preclude safe placement or removal of the device.
• Current or previous support with a durable LVAD.
• INTERMACS Profile 1 at enrollment.
• Currently on mechanical ventilatory support.
• Use of an intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) within the last 14 days or use of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or percutaneous ventricular assist device (e.g., Impella or TandemHeart) within the last 30 days.
• Confirmed diagnosis of AL amyloidosis.
• Acute myocardial infarction Type 1 within 30 days of enrollment or planned coronary revascularization in the next 30 days.
• Stroke within 30 days of enrollment.

• Severe Bleeding Risk (any of the following):

  • Previous intracranial bleed unless there is documentation in the medical record (from a physician that is not part of the study) that the patient can safely use anticoagulation for 7 days.
  • GI bleeding within 6 months requiring hospitalization and/or transfusion.
  • Recent major surgery within 30 days if the surgical wound is judged to be associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
  • Procedure with arterial ilio-femoral access > 6 Fr within 30 days.
  • Platelet count <75,000 cells/mm3 .
  • Uncorrectable bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy (e.g., INR≥ 2 not due to anticoagulation therapy) or hypercoagulable state including HIT.
  • Inability to tolerate anticoagulation therapy for up to 7 days.

• Contraindicated Anatomy :

  • Descending aortic anatomy that would prevent safe placement of the device [<18 mm or >31 mm aorta diameter at deployment location (measured between the superior aspect of the T10 vertebra and superior aspect of the L1 vertebra)].
  • Ilio-femoral diameter or peripheral vascular anatomy that would preclude safe placement of a 21 Fr (outer diameter) introducer sheath.
  • Femoral artery depth inconsistent with use of closure device.
  • Abnormalities or severe vascular disease that would preclude safe access and device delivery (e.g., aneurysm with thrombus; marked tortuosity; significant narrowing or inadequate size of the abdominal aorta, iliac, or femoral arteries; or severe calcification).
  • Known connective tissue disorder (e.g., Marfan Syndrome) or other aortopathy at risk of vascular injury.
  • Any endovascular stent graft in the descending aorta. Any endovascular stent graft in the femoro-iliac vessels that is not well endothelialized and would preclude safe introduction/removal of the Aortix pump as demonstrated by imaging.
• Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to study or procedure medications (e.g., anticoagulation therapy) or device materials (e.g., history of severe reaction to nickel or nitinol).
• Participation in any other clinical investigation that is likely to confound study results or affect the study.
• Poor health such that the patient is unable to undergo the Aortix device placement/retrieval and/or unlikely to be able to survive to the 30-day visit.
• Unable or unwilling to undergo screening, device implant and retrieval procedures, or return for 30-day visit.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

3

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Treatment Arm; Eligible ADHF patients with diuretic resistance (irrespective of ejection fraction) will be enrolled and randomized 1:1 to either the Aortix system or standard of care medical management. Randomization will be stratified by ejection fraction.	Device: Aortix System; Aortix is a circulatory support device for chronic heart failure patients on medical management who have been hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and are resistant to diuretic therapy.; Other Names: Aortix Pump
No Intervention: Control Arm; The Control arm should receive standard of care therapy as per the study directed Diuretic Care Treatment Algorithm.
Experimental: Advanced HF Registry; For the Advanced HF registry, all eligible enrolled subjects will receive Aortix system support.	Device: Aortix System; Aortix is a circulatory support device for chronic heart failure patients on medical management who have been hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and are resistant to diuretic therapy.; Other Names: Aortix Pump

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Primary Safety Endpoint: Incidence of Aortix Device / Procedural-Related Major Adverse Events (MAE) through 30 days of Follow-up.	Incidence of Major Adverse Events	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
Primary Effectiveness Endpoint: Combined composite of clinically significant reduction in net fluid loss over 7 days and freedom from mortality or heart failure re-hospitalization/therapy escalation from the baseline visit to the 30-day follow-up visit.	Composite of net fluid loss, mortality and HF hospitalization/escalation of therapy	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Net Fluid Loss	Change in Net Fluid Loss from Baseline to Day 7/Discharge	Baseline to Day 7
All-cause Mortality	Rate of mortality	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
HF Re-Hospitalization or escalation of HF therapy	Evaluation of HF re-hospitalization and therapy escalation	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
eGFR	Evaluation of changes in eGFR	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
NT-proBNP	Evaluation of NT-proBNP	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
Patient Reported Dyspnea Assessment	Change in patient reported dyspnea scale	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
Standing body weight	Change in standing body weight	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up
Incidence and percentages of major adverse events (MAE) Pooled	Incidence and percentages of major adverse events (MAE) pooled analysis of Aortix randomized cohort and registry cohort	Baseline to 30 day Follow-Up

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Procyrion

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 23, 2023
• Primary Completion (Estimated): January 1, 2027
• Study Completion (Estimated): August 1, 2027

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: October 7, 2022
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 6, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): January 10, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 9, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 5, 2026
• Last Verified: June 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: percutaneous; mechanical circulatory support
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Urogenital Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Male Urogenital Diseases; Kidney Diseases; Urologic Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases; Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications; Heart Diseases; Renal Insufficiency; Heart Failure; Heart Failure, Diastolic; Heart Failure, Systolic; Cardio-Renal Syndrome
• Other Study ID Numbers: CSP001

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

• Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?: NO

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: Yes
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No