Correlation Between the Occurrence of School Bullying, Victimization, and the Occurrence of Deleterious Oral Habits.

March 12, 2023 updated by: yousra el-sayed taha, Cairo University

Correlation Between Occurrence of Bullying, Victimization and Deleterious Oral Habits Among School Children in Cairo Governorate, Egypt: Cross-Sectional Study

To determine the correlation between the occurrence of bullying, victimization, and deleterious oral habit in a group of Egyptian school children.

Study Overview

Status

Not yet recruiting

Conditions

Intervention / Treatment

Detailed Description

Bullying is a major educational and public health problem among school-aged children that has a short and long negative effect on their physiological and psychosocial health.

Bullying among school children is widely spreading and has different forms including physical as hitting, kicking, or verbal as an insult social as spreading rumors or the social exclusion or psychological as stalking or cyberbullying as online hacking.

Bullying affects children greatly in different manners as lack of self-esteem, lack of concentration, depression, anxiety, and expressing feeling of loneliness. The World Health Organization (WHO) stated that "the frequency of bullying was estimated to be 8- 30 % and may reach 50% in many studies and In Egypt, the prevalence of bullying according to UNICEF was 77.8% among adolescent rural school students in other words 1 in 3 students experience bullying regularly, a recent study in Egypt showed the prevalence of bullying and victimization was high (67.5%) among studied group.

Deleterious oral habits are one of the public health problems that are commonly seen among children, it is defined as repeated orofacial muscular activities without a functional benefit Deleterious oral habits depend mainly on frequency, onset, and duration of habit which causes malocclusion such as open bite, deep bite, crossbite, and overjet that affects children's quality of life and cause psychological and esthetic problem, recent study In Alexandria, Egypt found that most seen oral habits in age 6 to 12 years are nail-biting 41.07% then tongue thrust 29.4% then mouth breathing with 15.9% and the least thumb sucking with 15.1%.

Children exposed to emotional stress and anxiety as bullying or need for comfort is considered as a main contributing factor to having an oral habit as children use oral habit as a source of safety and as a mechanism to release tension, pain, and anger through it. It is seen in children as bruxism, pacifier sucking, thumb sucking, mouth breathing, tongue thrusting, lip sucking, and biting and nail-biting.

Children at age of 8 years start to interact more with each other and become more observed so dental appearance becomes a site for bullying. the relationship between oral habit and bullying should be investigated because this type of abuse is a huge problem with serious psychosocial problems, Where the prevalence of children/adolescents being bullied ranges from 5.7% to 20.6%, bullied students are more likely to experience serious academic, social, psychological, and oral health problems there for more research into bullying is required to develop effective bullying prevention programs.

Study Type

Observational

Enrollment (Anticipated)

356

Contacts and Locations

This section provides the contact details for those conducting the study, and information on where this study is being conducted.

Study Contact

Study Contact Backup

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Ages Eligible for Study

8 years to 10 years (Child)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

N/A

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Sampling Method

Non-Probability Sample

Study Population

Egyptian school children, aged between 8-10 years, who attend school and their parents

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  1. Children between 8 to 10 years
  2. Children who attended schools
  3. Egyptian children

Exclusion Criteria:

  1. Children who were taking antidepressants and anticonvulsant drugs
  2. Children with cognitive/neurological disorders
  3. Children with any syndromes such as ectodermal dysplasia or Down syndrome
  4. Children with a history of an obvious alternative cause for malocclusion (e.g., trauma)
  5. Participants' caregivers refuse to give consent

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting)
Time Frame: baseline
Measure presence, duration, and frequency of Oral habits (Bruxism, Nail biting) through a questionnaire answered by parent including 3 questions with answeres yes and no or a. Did not notice in the past couple of months b. Only once or twice c. 2 or 3 times a month d. About once a week e. Several times a week
baseline

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Prevalence of Bullying and victimization
Time Frame: baseline
Measure Prevalence of Bullying and victimization through a questionnaire answered by the child
baseline

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Cairo University

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Helpful Links

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start (Anticipated)

September 1, 2023

Primary Completion (Anticipated)

September 1, 2024

Study Completion (Anticipated)

November 1, 2024

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

February 28, 2023

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

February 28, 2023

First Posted (Actual)

March 13, 2023

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Actual)

March 14, 2023

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

March 12, 2023

Last Verified

March 1, 2023

More Information

Terms related to this study

Additional Relevant MeSH Terms

Other Study ID Numbers

  • effect of bullying on children

Drug and device information, study documents

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product

No

Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product

No

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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