Parathyroid Hormone Level and Growth in Pediatric Patients With ESRD on Regular Hemodialysis

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as either renal damage and/ or a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for more than 3 months. End stage renal disease (ESRD) is defined as GFR below 15 mL/min/1.73 m2.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is an insidious disease that develops early in the course of CKD and increase in severity as the GFR deteriorates. High serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) are known to cause high turnover bone disease, i.e. osteitis fibrosa and have also been reported to increase the mortality risk in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD).

Standard therapy for SHPT includes dietary calcium supplementation, active vitamin D, and phosphate binders; however, these are often insufficient to allow patients to achieve their serum parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and calcium-phosphorus product (Ca × P) targets.

Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that treatment with calcimimetics that increase the sensitivity of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) to calcium can reverse the alterations in CaR and vitamin D receptor expression and parathyroid cell proliferation that are associated with SHPT.

Calcimimetics such as cinacalect are positive allosteric modulators of the calcium-sensing receptor that increase its sensitivity by lowering the threshold for activation by extracellular calcium ions. The calcimimetic cinacalcet mainly increases the sensitivity of the CaR to extracellular Ca, thus inhibiting the release of PTH, although, as recently shown, it also decreases PTH synthesis.

Growth hormone (GH) indirectly promotes the growth of child by stimulating the production of insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), many children with renal disease have normal or elevated level of GH in their blood otherwise the levels of IGF-1 are low because the approximately 98% of IGF-1 is always bound to one of binding proteins (BP) inside the liver, so this accumulated protein will reduce the function of IGF-1.

Using cinacalcet in controlling hyperparathyroidism may reduce growth problems in children with ESRD with regular hemodialysis.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Drug Effect
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: Cinacalcet

Detailed Description

This interventional study will be conducted at Nephrology Unit Pediatric Department Tanta University Hospital (TUH) for a period of 6 months starting from August 2023.

Study duration 6 months from August 2023 to February 2024. Place of the study: Nephrology Unit at TUH. Study sample: This study will be conducted on 35 children and adolescents with end stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis for three to four times weekly at our nephrology Unit at TUH during the period of the study.

Inclusion criteria:

Pediatric patients with end stage renal disease aged from 8 to 18 years on regular hemodialysis.

Exclusion criteria:

• Controlled hyperparathyroidism- PTH <300 pg/ml.
• Children < 8y.
• Previous parathyroidectomy
• children on growth hormone therapy

All patients included in the study will be subjected to:

1. History taking including duration of dialysis and regular drugs that are taken.
2. Clinical examination including anthropometric measurements and blood pressure estimation. All measurements will be taken in the dialysis free day

3. Investigations A- Routine investigations: including

   • Complete blood picture
   • Serum albumin Serum creatinine, blood urea level●

   • Serum CRP B- Specific investigations: including

     • Serum insulin growth factor-1 using ELIZA kits.
     • Serum parathyroid hormone.
     • Serum calcium.
     • Serum phosphorus.
     • Serum alkaline phosphatase.

   Sample collection:

   Seven millilitres of venous blood will be collected under complete aseptic precautions at 8 AM and before dialysis session before and after one month of cinacalcet treatment. Five millilitres will be put in a plain test tube without anticoagulant, and the remaining two millilitres will be put in a test tube with ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) as an anticoagulant, to be used for performing complete blood count. After clotting, the samples will be centrifuged at 1500 xg for 15 minutes. Part of the separated serum will be used to perform serum creatinine, urea, albumin and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The rest of the serum will be separated and will be used for the subsequent assay of IGF-1 serum level by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hemolysed samples will be discarded. Repeated thawing and freezing will be avoided.

4. treatment received: All children will receive cinacalcet in a dose of 30 mg/day taken with food for 3 months, in addition to their supportive treatment including erythropoietin injection, oral calcium, one alpha, folic acid and antihypertensive drugs to hypertensive patients.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 35
• Phase: Phase 4

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Egypt
  • Tanta, Egypt
    • Sara Mabrouk Mohamed Elghoul

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

• Pediatric patients with end stage renal disease aged from 5 to 18 years on regular hemodialysis.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Controlled hyperparathyroidism- PTH <300 pg/ml.
• Children < 8y.
• Previous parathyroidectomy
• children on growth hormone therapy

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Supportive Care
• Allocation: N/A
• Interventional Model: Sequential Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

1

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: 35 children and adolescents with end stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis; All children will receive cinacalcet in a dose of 30 mg/day taken with food for 3 months	Drug: Cinacalcet; calcimimetic; Other Names: Mimpara

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
correlation between PTH and serum IGF-1	correlation between serum levels of parathyroid hormone and serum insulin like growth factor-1 in pediatric patients with ESRD on regular hemodialysis	3 months

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Cinacalcet effect on level of IGF-1	cinacalcet will be given in a dose of 39mg/day with food for 3 months	3 months

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Tanta University
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: Sara Mabrouk Mohamed Elghoul, MD, Tanta University

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): August 5, 2023
• Primary Completion (Actual): January 22, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): January 22, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: June 7, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: June 29, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): July 3, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): January 24, 2024
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 22, 2024
• Last Verified: January 1, 2024

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: cinacalcet; insulin like growth factor-1
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Physiological Effects of Drugs; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Hormone Antagonists; Calcium-Regulating Hormones and Agents; Calcimimetic Agents; Cinacalcet
• Other Study ID Numbers: 36264PR295/8/23

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: No
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No
• product manufactured in and exported from the U.S.: No