- ICH GCP
- US Clinical Trials Registry
- Clinical Trial NCT06143852
Change in Social Media Use and Well-being Among College Students Receiving a One-week Exercise or Mindfulness Intervention
Comparing Change in Social Media Use and Well-being Among College Students Receiving a One-week Exercise or Mindfulness Intervention
Study Overview
Status
Intervention / Treatment
Detailed Description
The objective of this study is to test two cognitive and behavioral interventions designed to reduce social media use and psychological constructs related to social media use in a sample of university students.
The first cognitive intervention is a mindfulness meditation exercise taken from the Calm app centering around gratitude. Each meditation takes approximately 12 minutes to complete and is to be done daily for one week. The second behavioral intervention is asking participants to reduce social media use for 30 minutes daily for one week and replacing that time with physical exercise of the participants' choosing.
Aim 1: Compare psychological constructs related to mental health (well-being, stress, depression, anxiety, loneliness, social comparisons, etc.) before and after conducting two social media use interventions over a period of one week, compared to a control condition (no intervention).
Aim 2: Compare self-reported and behavioral (smartphone screen shots of social media use screen time) measures of social media use before and after two social media use interventions over a period of over one week, compared to a control condition (no intervention).
Aim 3: Examine mental health and social media use one week after the intervention period is complete (follow up), examining or testing whether effects last beyond the intervention period.
Study Type
Enrollment (Estimated)
Phase
- Not Applicable
Contacts and Locations
Study Contact
- Name: Timothy L Regan, PhD
- Phone Number: 240-643-9090
- Email: tregan2@jh.edu
Study Contact Backup
- Name: Johannes Thrul, PhD
- Phone Number: 510-646-7860
- Email: jthrul@jhu.edu
Study Locations
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Maryland
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Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21218
- Recruiting
- Johns Hopkins University
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Contact:
- Johannes Thrul
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Participation Criteria
Eligibility Criteria
Ages Eligible for Study
- Adult
- Older Adult
Accepts Healthy Volunteers
Description
Inclusion Criteria:
- The participant is 18 or older.
- The participant must be a Johns Hopkins University student.
- Owning an iPhone or Android smartphone, with frequent use of social media use daily (> 1 hour)
- Enabling and sharing screenshots of your smartphone use metrics, including number of last-week pickups, notifications received, and average screen time.
- Providing consent to participate.
- Only exercising 1 hour or less daily, on average.
Exclusion Criteria:
- younger than 18
- Not a Johns Hopkins University Student
- Doesn't own a smart phone
- Uses smartphone less than 1 hour daily
- Exercises more than 1 hour daily
Study Plan
How is the study designed?
Design Details
- Primary Purpose: Treatment
- Allocation: Randomized
- Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
- Masking: None (Open Label)
Arms and Interventions
Participant Group / Arm |
Intervention / Treatment |
---|---|
No Intervention: Control
Participants will not receive an intervention.
They will receive instructions to use their social media use as usual.
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Experimental: Mindfulness
Approximately 12-minute mindfulness-style meditations will be completed daily for one week through the Calm platform.
Participants can listen to the exercise on the web-enabled version of Calm, or through the smartphone app.
The course is entitled "7 Days of Gratitude" and centers around noticing and appreciating things in daily life.
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12 minute daily guided meditation
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Experimental: Social Media Reduction + Exercise
Participants will reduce their social media use by at least 30 minutes daily for one week.
Simultaneously, participants will exercise at least 30 minutes daily.
Participants are given examples of common exercises (walking, yoga, strength training, etc.), but they are allowed to choose any type, although they are dissuaded from activities with high potential for injury.
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Reduce social media use at least 30 minutes daily and exercise instead
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What is the study measuring?
Primary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21)
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
|
Score range = 0-63, higher score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL-BREF) scale
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
|
Score range = 13-65, lower score = worse outcome
|
baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Smartphone screen time (minutes) for social media use
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
|
Past-week amount of screen time for social media use
|
baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Number of Social media use smartphone pick-ups
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Past-week total number of smartphone pick-ups for social media use applications
|
baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Percent of time using social media
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Past-week percent of time using social media compared to other smartphone application categories.
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Social media use notifications received
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Past-week total number of notifications received for social media use applications
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Secondary Outcome Measures
Outcome Measure |
Measure Description |
Time Frame |
---|---|---|
Change in University of California, Los Angeles 3-Item Loneliness Scale
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 3-9, higher score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in The Gratitude Questionnaire, 6-item form (GQ-6) scale
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 6-42, lower score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Motivations for Electronic Interaction Scale (MEIS)
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
|
Score range = 10-50, higher score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT-15) scale
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 0-138, lower scores = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS)
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 6-35, higher score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Fear of Missing Out Scale
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 10-50, higher score = worse outcome
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Hours spent socializing in-person with peers
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 0-20+ hours of in-person socialization, lower scores = worse outcomes
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Change in Number of evenings of past-week recreation
Time Frame: baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Score range = 0-7 evenings of recreation, lower scores = worse outcomes
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baseline, immediately post intervention, post intervention up to one week
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Collaborators and Investigators
Investigators
- Principal Investigator: Johannes Thrul, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Publications and helpful links
General Publications
- Hanley SM, Watt SE, Coventry W. Taking a break: The effect of taking a vacation from Facebook and Instagram on subjective well-being. PLoS One. 2019 Jun 6;14(6):e0217743. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217743. eCollection 2019.
- Hou, Y., Xiong, D., Jiang, T., Song, L., & Wang, Q. (2019). Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 13(1), article 4.
- Hunt, M. G., Marx, R., Lipson, C., & Young, J. (2018). No more FOMO: Limiting social media decreases loneliness and depression. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 37(10), 751-768.
- Lambert J, Barnstable G, Minter E, Cooper J, McEwan D. Taking a One-Week Break from Social Media Improves Well-Being, Depression, and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2022 May;25(5):287-293. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2021.0324. Epub 2022 May 3.
- Roberts TA, Daniels EA, Weaver JM, Zanovitch LS. "Intermission!" A short-term social media fast reduces self-objectification among pre-teen and teen dancers. Body Image. 2022 Dec;43:125-133. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.015. Epub 2022 Sep 21.
- van Wezel MMC, Abrahamse EL, Vanden Abeele MMP. Does a 7-day restriction on the use of social media improve cognitive functioning and emotional well-being? Results from a randomized controlled trial. Addict Behav Rep. 2021 Jun 15;14:100365. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2021.100365. eCollection 2021 Dec.
- Vanman EJ, Baker R, Tobin SJ. The burden of online friends: the effects of giving up Facebook on stress and well-being. J Soc Psychol. 2018;158(4):496-507. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2018.1453467. Epub 2018 Apr 9. Erratum In: J Soc Psychol. 2020;160(2):264-266.
- Nicuță, E.G., Constantin, T. Take Nothing for Granted: Downward Social Comparison and Counterfactual Thinking Increase Adolescents' State Gratitude for the Little Things in Life. J Happiness Stud 22, 3543-3570 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-021-00382-5.
- Hall, J.A., Xing, C., Ross. E.M., Johnson, R.M. Experimentally manipulating social media abstinence: results of a four-week diary study. Media Psychology, 2019; 24, 259 - 275
Study record dates
Study Major Dates
Study Start (Actual)
Primary Completion (Estimated)
Study Completion (Estimated)
Study Registration Dates
First Submitted
First Submitted That Met QC Criteria
First Posted (Actual)
Study Record Updates
Last Update Posted (Actual)
Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria
Last Verified
More Information
Terms related to this study
Additional Relevant MeSH Terms
Other Study ID Numbers
- IRB00025926
Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)
Plan to Share Individual Participant Data (IPD)?
IPD Plan Description
Drug and device information, study documents
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product
Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product
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