Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous vs Intravenous Furosemide in Healthy Volunteers

Open-label, Single-dose, Randomized, Two-way Crossover Study to Compare the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Subcutaneous Injection of SCP-111 (Furosemide) vs Intravenous Injection of Furosemide in Healthy Volunteers

This study aims to compare the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) furosemide. The test formulation in this study is furosemide injection, 80 mg/1 mL, buffered to a neutral pH for SC administration via an autoinjector. A commercial formulation of furosemide injection, USP, solution 10 mg/mL administered as a 40 mg IV injection over 2 minutes followed by a second dose of 40 mg, 2 hours later, will serve as the reference drug.

The objectives of this study are:

• To estimate the bioavailability and describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of furosemide administered as SC injection via autoinjector compared with equivalent dose of furosemide administered as two 40 mg IV injections, two hours apart.
• To describe the safety and tolerability of furosemide administered as SC injection via an autoinjector.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Heart Failure; Fluid Overload
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: SCP-111; Drug: Furosemide USP

Detailed Description

This is an open-label, single-center, single-dose, randomized, two-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. Each Subject will complete Screening, Baseline, Treatment, and Follow-up Phases.

After a Screening Phase, Subjects meeting entry criteria will be admitted to the clinical research unit (CRU) and undergo baseline assessments. Subjects will be randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to 1 of 2 treatment sequences (IV furosemide followed by SC or vice versa). Subjects will remain domiciled in the CRU for each treatment period which will be about 12-hours. After final assessments are performed, Subjects may be discharged from the CRU if safety parameters are acceptable to the Investigator and return to the CRU after a 3-day washout period to receive the second treatment sequence. The Follow-up Phase will occur 24-48 hours after discharge from the CRU following treatment sequence 2, completing Subjects' study participation.

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 21
• Phase: Phase 1

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• United States
  • Florida
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33618
      • Elixia EPCT, LLC

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: Yes

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

1. An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved informed consent is signed and dated prior to any study-related activities.
2. Male and female subjects 45 to 80 years of age.
3. Has the ability to understand the requirements of the study and is willing to comply with all study procedures.
4. In the opinion of the Investigator, able to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or lactating women or women of childbearing age who are not willing to use an adequate form of contraception.
2. Systolic BP (SBP) < 90 mmHg at screening or baseline.
3. Heart rate > 110 beats per minute (BPM) at screening or baseline.
4. Temperature > 38°C (oral or equivalent).
5. Serum potassium < 3.0 or > 5.5 mEq/L at screening.
6. Other significant cardiac abnormalities which may interfere with study participation or study assessments.
7. Current or planned treatment during the study with any IV therapies, including inotropic agents, vasopressors, levosimendan, nesiritide or analogues. scPharmaceuticals, Inc. SCP-111 PK/PD Study Protocol Number: scP-04-001 Confidential Page 14 of 56
8. Presence of implanted ventricular assist device, cardiac defibrillator or pacemaker.
9. Severely impaired renal function, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at screening admission < 30 mL/min/1.73m2, calculated using the simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (sMDRD) equation.
10. Urinary retention due to bladder emptying disorders and/or urethral narrowing.
11. Presence or need for urinary catheterization.
12. Reported history of hepatic cirrhosis.
13. Administration of intravenous radiographic contrast agent within 72 hours prior to Screening.
14. Concomitant or any use within past 30 days of drugs known to interact with furosemide (aminoglycoside antibiotics, ethacrynic acid, high doses of salicylates, cisplatin, tubocurarine, succinylcholine, chloral hydrate, phenytoin, methotrexate, indomethacin, or lithium).
15. Administration of an investigational drug or implantation of investigational device, or participation in another interventional clinical trial, within 30 days prior to Screening.
16. Any surgical or medical condition which in the opinion of the investigator may interfere with participation in the study or which may affect the outcome of the study.
17. Positive urine drug screen at Screening or Baseline.
18. Blood alcohol concentration > 2 mg/dL (0.02%) at Screening.
19. Alcohol breath test > 2 mg/dL (0.02%) on admission to the CRU.
20. History of severe allergic or hypersensitivity reactions to furosemide or any component of the SCP-111 formulation (tromethamine or benzyl alcohol)

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
• Masking: None (Open Label)

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 1; Period 1: SC Period 2: IV	Drug: SCP-111; Furosemide injection 80 mg/mL, 80 mg SC via autoinjector x 1 dose; Drug: Furosemide USP; Furosemide injection, USP 10 mg/mL, 40 mg IV over 2 minutes followed by 40 mg 2 hours later
Experimental: Treatment Sequence 2; Period 1: IV Period 2: SC	Drug: SCP-111; Furosemide injection 80 mg/mL, 80 mg SC via autoinjector x 1 dose; Drug: Furosemide USP; Furosemide injection, USP 10 mg/mL, 40 mg IV over 2 minutes followed by 40 mg 2 hours later

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
AUClast	Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 (pre-dose) to time of last measurable plasma concentration.	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose. IV:
AUCinf	Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 (pre-dose) extrapolated to infinity.	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
AUCext	The percentage of the AUC that is extrapolated beyond the last measurable concentration.	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
Cmax	Maximum observed plasma concentration of Furosemide	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
Tmax	Time of maximum observed Furosemide plasma concentration	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
λz	Apparent plasma terminal-phase elimination rate constant	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
t½	Terminal-phase half-life	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
Clearance	Systemic clearance for IV furosemide (CL) and Apparent systemic clearance for SC furosemide (CL/F)	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
Volume of Distribution, Terminal Phase	Systemic Volume of distribution, terminal phase for IV furosemide (V) and Apparent Volume of distribution, terminal phase for SC furosemide (Vz/F)	SC SCP-111: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: 0, 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2 hours after 1st IV dose; 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 hours after 2nd IV dose.
Urine Output 0-6 Hours	Total Urine Output from 0 to 6 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 hours post-dose
Urine Output 0-8 Hours	Total Urine Output from 0 to 8 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8 hours post-dose
Urine Output 0-12 Hours	Total Urine Output from 0 to 12 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-10, 10-12 hours post-dose
Urinary Sodium 0-6 Hours	Urinary sodium excretion from 0 to 6 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 hours post-dose
Urinary Sodium 0-8 Hours	Urinary sodium excretion from 0 to 8 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8 hours post-dose
Urinary Sodium 0-12 Hours	Urinary sodium excretion from 0 to 12 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-10, 10-12 hours post-dose
Urinary Potassium 0-6 Hours	Urinary potassium excretion from 0 to 6 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 hours post-dose
Urinary Potassium 0-8 Hours	Urinary potassium excretion from 0 to 8 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8 hours post-dose
Urinary Potassium 0-12 Hours	Urinary potassium excretion from 0 to 12 hours	0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7, 7-8, 8-10, 10-12 hours post-dose

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Injection Site Pain	Injection site pain was assessed using an 11-point scale where 0 was equivalent to no pain and 10 was equivalent to the worst possible pain.	SC SCP-111: pre-dose, immediately after dose, 15, 30 minutes and 6,12 hours post-dose. IV Furosemide: pre-dose, after place IV needle, immediately after 1st IV dose; 15, 30, minutes, immediately after 2nd dose,15, 30 minutes and 4, 10 hours after 2nd dose

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: scPharmaceuticals, Inc.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start (Actual): April 19, 2024
• Primary Completion (Actual): June 14, 2024
• Study Completion (Actual): June 14, 2024

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: December 4, 2023
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: December 4, 2023
• First Posted (Actual): December 12, 2023

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): March 30, 2026
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: March 10, 2026
• Last Verified: March 1, 2026

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Cardiovascular Diseases; Heart Diseases; Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms; Signs and Symptoms; Heart Failure; Edema; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action; Natriuretic Agents; Membrane Transport Modulators; Diuretics; Sodium Potassium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; Furosemide
• Other Study ID Numbers: scP-04-001

Drug and device information, study documents

• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated drug product: Yes
• Studies a U.S. FDA-regulated device product: No