Individual Differences in the Response to Drugs (TDS)

October 6, 2016 updated by: University of Chicago

A Preliminary Investigation of Individual Differences in Subjective Responses to D-amphetamine, Alcohol, and Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol

The purpose of this study is to examine whether individual differences in acute responses to drugs co-vary across three drugs from different drug classes: alcohol, amphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The investigators hypothesize that individuals who experience greater rewarding effects from one drug will also experience more rewarding effects from the other drugs.

Study Overview

Status

Status

Indicates the current recruitment status or the expanded access status.
Completed

Conditions

Conditions

The disease, disorder, syndrome, illness, or injury that is being studied. On ClinicalTrials.gov, conditions may also include other health-related issues, such as lifespan, quality of life, and health risks.

Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.

Detailed Description

Here, the investigators aim to investigate whether individuals exhibit similar responses to three different drugs from different classes. This study used a within-subjects design (total N = 24). All subjects received alcohol, amphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion. Subjects completed six sessions wherein they received either alcohol, amphetamine, or THC, or corresponding placebos, on separate days. Subjects completed questionnaires about mood, general drug effects, and specific drug effects.

Study Type

Study Type

Describes the nature of a clinical study. Study types include interventional studies (also called clinical trials), observational studies (including patient registries), and expanded access.
Interventional

Enrollment (Actual)

Enrollment

The number of participants in a clinical study. The "anticipated" enrollment is the target number of participants that the researchers need for the study.
28

Phase

Phase

The stage of a clinical trial studying a drug or biological product, based on definitions developed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The phase is based on the study's objective, the number of participants, and other characteristics. There are five phases: Early Phase 1 (formerly listed as Phase 0), Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, and Phase 4. Not Applicable is used to describe trials without FDA-defined phases, including trials of devices or behavioral interventions.
  • Not Applicable

Participation Criteria

Researchers look for people who fit a certain description, called eligibility criteria. Some examples of these criteria are a person's general health condition or prior treatments.

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

The key requirements that people who want to participate in a clinical study must meet or the characteristics they must have. Eligibility criteria consist of both inclusion criteria (which are required for a person to participate in the study) and exclusion criteria (which prevent a person from participating). Types of eligibility criteria include whether a study accepts healthy volunteers, has age or age group requirements, or is limited by sex.

Ages Eligible for Study

21 years to 35 years (Adult)

Accepts Healthy Volunteers

Yes

Genders Eligible for Study

All

Description

Inclusion Criteria:

  • English fluency
  • High school education
  • BMI between 19 and 26
  • Individuals who report drinking at least 4 alcoholic drinks on one occasion in the past month

Exclusion Criteria:

  • individuals with a medical condition contraindicating study participation, as determined by our physician
  • individuals regularly using any contraindicated medications
  • individuals with current dependence on any drug or past dependence on alcohol, marijuana or stimulants
  • individuals with a past year DSM-IV Axis I mood, anxiety, eating, or psychotic disorder
  • women who are pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant in the next 3 months
  • individuals who drink more than 10 alcoholic drinks per week
  • individuals who currently use i) any illicit drug weekly or more frequently, ii) stimulant prescription drugs, iii) more than 10 cigarettes per week, and iv) more than 3 cups of coffee per day

Study Plan

This section provides details of the study plan, including how the study is designed and what the study is measuring.

How is the study designed?

Design Details

  • Primary Purpose: Basic Science
  • Allocation: Randomized
  • Interventional Model: Crossover Assignment
  • Masking: Triple

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm

Participant Group / Arm

A group or subgroup of participants in a clinical trial that receives a specific intervention/treatment, or no intervention, according to the trial's protocol.
Intervention / Treatment

Intervention / Treatment

A process or action that is the focus of a clinical study. Interventions include drugs, medical devices, procedures, vaccines, and other products that are either investigational or already available. Interventions can also include noninvasive approaches, such as education or modifying diet and exercise.
Experimental: AMP, ALC, THC or Placebo 1
All healthy adult volunteers attended 6 sessions in which they received 20mg AMP, 0.8g/kg ALC, and 7.5mg THC, alternating with three placebo sessions.
Drug: THC
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered oral THC to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Drug: AMP
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered AMP to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • d-Amphetamine
Drug: ALC
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered alcohol to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • Alcohol
Drug: Placebo capsules
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered size 00 gelatin capsules containing dextrose to healthy volunteers as a control for when they received either amphetamine or THC.
Other Names:
  • Sugar Pills
Drug: Placebo beverage
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered a drink containing cranberry juice plus 1% alcohol added as a taste mask.
Experimental: AMP, ALC, THC or Placebo 2
All healthy adult volunteers attended 6 sessions in which they received 20mg AMP, 0.8g/kg ALC, and 7.5mg THC, alternating with three placebo sessions.
Drug: THC
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered oral THC to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
Drug: AMP
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered AMP to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • d-Amphetamine
Drug: ALC
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered alcohol to healthy volunteers to measure their subjective response, which we later compared to their responses to two other drugs.
Other Names:
  • Alcohol
Drug: Placebo capsules
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered size 00 gelatin capsules containing dextrose to healthy volunteers as a control for when they received either amphetamine or THC.
Other Names:
  • Sugar Pills
Drug: Placebo beverage
This is a within-subjects, double-blind, placebo controlled design. We administered a drink containing cranberry juice plus 1% alcohol added as a taste mask.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Primary Outcome Measures

In a clinical study's protocol, the planned outcome measure that is the most important for evaluating the effect of an intervention/treatment. Most clinical studies have one primary outcome measure, but some have more than one.
Outcome Measure
Measure Description
Time Frame
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 30 Minutes After Capsule Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 30 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 30 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after drink administration.
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 90 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 90 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 90 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 90 minutes after drink administration.
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 120 Minutes After Drink Administraion
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 120 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 120 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 120 minutes after drink administration.
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 150 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 150 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 150 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 150 minutes after drink administration.
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 180 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 180 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 180 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 180 minutes after drink administration.
Change in General Drug Effects (Drug Effects Questionnaire) at 210 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 210 minutes after drink administration.
Drug effects will be measured using the Drug Effects Questionnaire (Fischman & Foltin, 1991). The DEQ included 5 subscales; feeling, liking, and disliking the drug effect, feeling high, and wanting more of the drug. Each subscale ranged from 1(Not at all) to 100(Very much). The change in DFQ was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 210 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 210 minutes after drink administration.
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 30 Minutes After Capsule Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects. The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after capsule administration and before drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 30 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects. The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 30 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 30 minutes after drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 90 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 90 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects. The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 90 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 90 minutes after drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 120 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 120 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects.The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 120 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 120 minutes after drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 150 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 150 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects.The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 150 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 150 minutes after drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 180 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 180 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects.The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 180 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 180 minutes after drink administration
Change in Specific Drug Effects (Addiction Research Center Inventory) at 210 Minutes After Drink Administration
Time Frame: Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 210 minutes after drink administration
Specific drug effects will be measured using the Addiction Research Center Inventory (Martin et al. 1971). The ARCI measures effects specific to drug classes, including the effects of AMP-like drugs (A scale, 0 to 11), morphine and benzedrine like drugs (MBG scale, 0 to 14), lysergic acid-like drugs (LSD scale, 0 to 14), benzedrine-like drugs (BG scale, 0 to 13), pentobarbital-chlorpromazine and ALC-like drugs (PCAG scale, 0 to 15), and cannabis-like drugs (M scale, 0 to 12). We used this questionnaire as a manipulation check to ensure that the drugs produced their typical drug-specific effects in this study. For example, zero value of A sacle would be minimum report of amphetamine-like drug effects, and 11 would be maximum report of amphetamine-like effects.The change in ARCI was assessed by the difference in measurements between baseline and 210 minutes after drink administration. Baseline was measure 15 minutes prior to capsule administration.
Measured 15 minutes prior to capsule administration and 210 minutes after drink administration

Collaborators and Investigators

This is where you will find people and organizations involved with this study.

Sponsor

Sponsor

The organization or person who initiates the study and who has authority and control over the study.
University of Chicago

Publications and helpful links

The person responsible for entering information about the study voluntarily provides these publications. These may be about anything related to the study.

General Publications

Study record dates

These dates track the progress of study record and summary results submissions to ClinicalTrials.gov. Study records and reported results are reviewed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) to make sure they meet specific quality control standards before being posted on the public website.

Study Major Dates

Study Start

Study Start

The actual date on which the first participant was enrolled in a clinical study. The "anticipated" study start date is the date that the researchers think will be the study start date.
July 1, 2013

Primary Completion (Actual)

Primary Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention to collect final data for the primary outcome measure. Whether the clinical study ended according to the protocol or was terminated does not affect this date. For clinical studies with more than one primary outcome measure with different completion dates, this term refers to the date on which data collection is completed for all the primary outcome measures. The "anticipated" primary completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the primary completion date for the study.
December 1, 2013

Study Completion (Actual)

Study Completion

The date on which the last participant in a clinical study was examined or received an intervention/treatment to collect final data for the primary outcome measures, secondary outcome measures, and adverse events (that is, the last participant's last visit). The "anticipated" study completion date is the date that the researchers think will be the study completion date.
December 1, 2013

Study Registration Dates

First Submitted

First Submitted

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submitted a study record to ClinicalTrials.gov. There is typically a delay of a few days between the first submitted date and the record's availability on ClinicalTrials.gov (the first posted date).
June 24, 2015

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

First Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The date on which the study sponsor or investigator first submits a study record that is consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. The sponsor or investigator may need to revise and submit a study record one or more times before NLM's QC review criteria are met. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
June 29, 2015

First Posted (Estimate)

First Posted

The date on which the study record was first available on ClinicalTrials.gov after National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review has concluded. There is typically a delay of a few days between the date the study sponsor or investigator submitted the study record and the first posted date.
June 30, 2015

Study Record Updates

Last Update Posted (Estimate)

Last Update Posted

The most recent date on which changes to a study record were made available on ClinicalTrials.gov. There may be a delay between when the changes were submitted to ClinicalTrials.gov by the study's sponsor or investigator (the last update submitted date) and the last update posted date.
November 29, 2016

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator submitted changes to a study record that are consistent with National Library of Medicine (NLM) quality control (QC) review criteria. It is the responsibility of the sponsor or investigator to ensure that the study record is consistent with the NLM QC review criteria.
October 6, 2016

Last Verified

Last Verified

The most recent date on which the study sponsor or investigator confirmed the information about a clinical study on ClinicalTrials.gov as accurate and current. If a study with a recruitment status of recruiting; not yet recruiting; or active, not recruiting has not been confirmed within the past 2 years, the study's recruitment status is shown as unknown.
October 1, 2016

More Information

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Other Study ID Numbers

Other Study ID Numbers

Identifiers or ID numbers other than the NCT number that are assigned to a clinical study by the study's sponsor, funders, or others. These numbers may include unique identifiers from other trial registries and National Institutes of Health grant numbers.
  • IRB13-0534

This information was retrieved directly from the website clinicaltrials.gov without any changes. If you have any requests to change, remove or update your study details, please contact register@clinicaltrials.gov. As soon as a change is implemented on clinicaltrials.gov, this will be updated automatically on our website as well.

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