Radiation Therapy With or Without Bicalutamide for Recurrent pT3N0 Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy

A PHASE III TRIAL OF RADIATION THERAPY WITH OR WITHOUT CASODEX IN PATIENTS WITH PSA ELEVATION FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY FOR pT3N0 CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE

RATIONALE: Radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to damage tumor cells. Androgens can stimulate the growth of prostate cancer cells. Hormone therapy using bicalutamide may fight prostate cancer by reducing the production of androgens. It is not yet known if radiation therapy is more effective with or without bicalutamide for prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: Randomized phase III trial to compare the effectiveness of radiation therapy with or without bicalutamide in treating patients who have stage II or stage III prostate cancer and elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels following radical prostatectomy.

Study Overview

• Status: Completed
• Conditions: Prostate Cancer
• Intervention / Treatment: Drug: bicalutamide; Radiation: radiation therapy; Drug: placebo

• Study Type: Interventional
• Enrollment (Actual): 840
• Phase: Phase 3

Contacts and Locations

Study Locations

• Canada
  • Alberta
    • Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2N 4N2
      • Tom Baker Cancer Center - Calgary
    • Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1Z2
      • Cross Cancer Institute
  • New Brunswick
    • Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, E2L 4L2
      • Saint John Regional Hospital
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • St. Johns, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, A1B 3V6
      • Newfoundland Cancer Treatment and Research Foundation
  • Nova Scotia
    • Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 1V7
      • Nova Scotia Cancer Centre
  • Ontario
    • Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8V 5C2
      • Cancer Care Ontario-Hamilton Regional Cancer Centre
    • Kingston, Ontario, Canada, K7L 5P9
      • Kingston Regional Cancer Centre
    • London, Ontario, Canada, N6A 4L6
      • Cancer Care Ontario-London Regional Cancer Centre
    • Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 1C4
      • Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre
    • Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, P3E 5J1
      • Northeastern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre, Sudbury
    • Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, P7A 7T1
      • Northwestern Ontario Regional Cancer Centre, Thunder Bay
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M4N 3M5
      • Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre
    • Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2M9
      • Princess Margaret Hospital
  • Quebec
    • Fleurimont, Quebec, Canada, J1H 5N4
      • CHUS-Hopital Fleurimont
    • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2W 1S6
      • McGill University
    • Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H2L 4MI
      • Centre Hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal
    • Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, G1R 2J6
      • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec
  • Saskatchewan
    • Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, S4T 7T1
      • Allan Blair Cancer Centre
    • Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, S7N 4H4
      • Saskatoon Cancer Centre
• United States
  • Alabama
    • Birmingham, Alabama, United States, 35294-3300
      • University of Alabama at Birmingham Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Huntsville, Alabama, United States, 35801
      • Comprehensive Cancer Institute of Huntsville
    • Huntsville, Alabama, United States, 35807
      • Huntsville Hospital System
    • Mobile, Alabama, United States, 36688
      • MBCCOP - Gulf Coast
    • Montgomery, Alabama, United States, 36106-3657
      • Alabama Oncology, LLC
    • Tuscaloosa, Alabama, United States, 35401
      • Radiation Oncology Associates of West Alabama
  • Arizona
    • Phoenix, Arizona, United States, 85013
      • Foundation for Cancer Research and Education
  • California
    • Concord, California, United States, 94524-4110
      • Mount Diablo Medical Center
    • Duarte, California, United States, 91010-3000
      • City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Fresno, California, United States, 93720
      • Saint Agnes Cancer Center
    • Fresno, California, United States, 93729-5100
      • California Cancer Center
    • Greenbrae, California, United States, 94904
      • Sutter Health West Cancer Research Group
    • Loma Linda, California, United States, 92354
      • Loma Linda University Medical Center
    • Long Beach, California, United States, 90822
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Long Beach
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033-0804
      • USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Hospital
    • Los Angeles, California, United States, 90025-1781
      • Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA
    • Oakland, California, United States, 94609-3305
      • CCOP - Bay Area Tumor Institute
    • Pasadena, California, United States, 91105
      • Huntington Cancer Center
    • Pomona, California, United States, 91767
      • Cancer Care Center
    • Sacramento, California, United States, 95816
      • Radiation Oncology Center - Sacramento
    • San Diego, California, United States, 92101
      • Radiation Medical Group, Inc.
    • San Francisco, California, United States, 94143-0128
      • UCSF Cancer Center and Cancer Research Institute
    • San Jose, California, United States, 95128
      • O'Connor Hospital
    • Santa Rosa, California, United States, 95403
      • CCOP - Santa Rosa Memorial Hospital
    • Travis Air Force Base, California, United States, 94535
      • David Grant Medical Center
  • Colorado
    • Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States, 80909
      • Memorial Hospital Cancer Center
    • Denver, Colorado, United States, 80010
      • University of Colorado Cancer Center
    • Grand Junction, Colorado, United States, 81502-1628
      • Saint Mary's Hospital and Medical Center
  • Connecticut
    • New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06511
      • Hospital of St. Raphael
  • Delaware
    • Wilmington, Delaware, United States, 19899
      • CCOP - Christiana Care Health Services
  • Florida
    • Gainesville, Florida, United States, 32610-0385
      • University of Florida Health Science Center
    • Jacksonville, Florida, United States, 32207
      • Florida Radiation Oncology Group
    • Melbourne, Florida, United States, 32901-3276
      • Health First Holmes Regional Medical Center
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33136
      • Sylvester Cancer Center, University of Miami
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33125
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Miami
    • Miami, Florida, United States, 33256-2110
      • Baptist Hospital of Miami
    • Miami Beach, Florida, United States, 33140
      • CCOP - Mount Sinai Medical Center
    • Orlando, Florida, United States, 32806
      • MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando
    • Panama City, Florida, United States, 32405-4587
      • Gulf Coast Cancer Treatment Center
    • Panama City, Florida, United States, 32401
      • Bay Medical Center
    • Sarasota, Florida, United States, 34233
      • Sarasota Radiation and Medical Oncology Center
    • Tallahassee, Florida, United States, 32308
      • Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare
    • Tampa, Florida, United States, 33612-9497
      • H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute
  • Georgia
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30322
      • Emory University Hospital - Atlanta
    • Atlanta, Georgia, United States, 30342-1701
      • CCOP - Atlanta Regional
    • Columbus, Georgia, United States, 31901
      • Medical Center/John B. Amos Community Cancer Center
    • Rome, Georgia, United States, 30165
      • Regional Radiation Oncology Center at Rome
  • Hawaii
    • Honolulu, Hawaii, United States, 96813
      • MBCCOP - Hawaii
  • Illinois
    • Arlington Heights, Illinois, United States, 60005
      • Northwest Community Hospital
    • Chicago, Illinois, United States, 60611
      • Northwestern Memorial Hospital
    • Decatur, Illinois, United States, 62526
      • CCOP - Central Illinois
    • Harvey, Illinois, United States, 60426
      • Ingalls Memorial Hospital
    • Maywood, Illinois, United States, 60153
      • Loyola University Medical Center
    • Park Ridge, Illinois, United States, 60068
      • Lutheran General Cancer Care Center
    • Peoria, Illinois, United States, 61636
      • Methodist Medical Center of Illinois
  • Indiana
    • Anderson, Indiana, United States, 46016
      • St. John's Medical Center
    • Bloomington, Indiana, United States, 47402
      • Bloomington Hospital
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46202
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Indianapolis (Roudebush)
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46206-1367
      • Clarian Health Partners Inc.
    • Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, 46219
      • Regional Cancer Center
    • Muncie, Indiana, United States, 47303-3499
      • Ball Memorial Hospital
    • South Bend, Indiana, United States, 46601
      • CCOP - Northern Indiana CR Consortium
  • Iowa
    • Dubuque, Iowa, United States, 52001
      • Wendt Regional Cancer Center of Finley Hospital
  • Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40536-0084
      • Albert B. Chandler Medical Center, University of Kentucky
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40503
      • Central Baptist Hospital
    • Lexington, Kentucky, United States, 40504
      • Cancer Center at Lexington Clinic
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40202
      • James Graham Brown Cancer Center
    • Louisville, Kentucky, United States, 40215
      • Louisville Radiation Oncology
    • Madisonville, Kentucky, United States, 42431
      • Merle M. Mahr Cancer Center
  • Louisiana
    • Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States, 70809
      • Mary Bird Perkins Cancer Center
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70121
      • CCOP - Ochsner
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112
      • MBCCOP - LSU Health Sciences Center
    • New Orleans, Louisiana, United States, 70112-2699
      • Tulane University School of Medicine
  • Maine
    • Portland, Maine, United States, 04102
      • Maine Medical Center
  • Maryland
    • Annapolis, Maryland, United States, 21401
      • Anne Arundel Oncology Center
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21231-2410
      • Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21215
      • Sinai Hospital of Baltimore
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21201
      • Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21204
      • Greater Baltimore Medical Center and Cancer Center
    • Baltimore, Maryland, United States, 21215-1290
      • Harbor Hospital Center
    • Salisbury, Maryland, United States, 21801
      • Peninsula Regional Medical Center
  • Massachusetts
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02115
      • Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
    • Boston, Massachusetts, United States, 02114
      • Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center
    • Hyannis, Massachusetts, United States, 02601
      • Cape Cod Hospital
    • Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, United States, 02130
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Boston (Jamaica Plain)
  • Michigan
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48109-0752
      • University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States, 48106
      • CCOP - Ann Arbor Regional
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48202
      • Henry Ford Hospital
    • Detroit, Michigan, United States, 48201-1379
      • Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute
    • Flint, Michigan, United States, 48503
      • Hurley Medical Center
    • Flint, Michigan, United States, 48532-3685
      • McLaren Regional Cancer Center
    • Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States, 49007-3731
      • CCOP - Kalamazoo
    • Marquette, Michigan, United States, 49855
      • Marquette General Hospital
    • Midland, Michigan, United States, 48670
      • MidMichigan Medical Center - Midland
    • Royal Oak, Michigan, United States, 48073-6769
      • CCOP - Beaumont
    • Royal Oak, Michigan, United States, 48073
      • William Beaumont Hospital
    • Troy, Michigan, United States, 48098
      • William Beaumont Hospital - Troy
  • Minnesota
    • Rochester, Minnesota, United States, 55905
      • Mayo Clinic Cancer Center
    • Saint Louis Park, Minnesota, United States, 55416
      • CCOP - Metro-Minnesota
  • Missouri
    • Columbia, Missouri, United States, 65203
      • Ellis Fischel Cancer Center - Columbia
    • Kansas City, Missouri, United States, 64131
      • CCOP - Kansas City
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63110-0250
      • St. Louis University Health Sciences Center
    • Saint Louis, Missouri, United States, 63108
      • Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology
    • Springfield, Missouri, United States, 65807
      • CCOP - Cancer Research for the Ozarks
    • Springfield, Missouri, United States, 65807
      • Cancer Research for the Ozarks
  • Montana
    • Billings, Montana, United States, 59101
      • CCOP - Montana Cancer Consortium
  • Nebraska
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68114
      • Methodist Cancer Center - Omaha
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68106
      • CCOP - Missouri Valley Cancer Consortium
    • Omaha, Nebraska, United States, 68198-7460
      • Nebraska Health System
  • Nevada
    • Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, 89106
      • CCOP - Southern Nevada Cancer Research Foundation
  • New Hampshire
    • Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States, 03756-0002
      • Norris Cotton Cancer Center
    • Manchester, New Hampshire, United States, 03103
      • Elliot Regional Cancer Center
  • New Jersey
    • Camden, New Jersey, United States, 01803
      • Cooper Cancer Institute
    • East Orange, New Jersey, United States, 07019
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - East Orange
    • Edison, New Jersey, United States, 08818
      • John F. Kennedy Medical Center
    • Elizabeth, New Jersey, United States, 07201
      • Trinitas Hospital - Jersey Street Campus
    • Long Branch, New Jersey, United States, 07740-6395
      • Monmouth Medical Center
    • Millville, New Jersey, United States, 08332
      • South Jersey Regional Cancer Center
    • Mount Holly, New Jersey, United States, 08060
      • Fox Chase Cancer Center at Virtua Memorial Hospital Burlington County
    • New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States, 38103-2807
      • Cancer Institute of New Jersey
    • Newark, New Jersey, United States, 07112
      • Newark Beth Israel Medical Center
    • Pomona, New Jersey, United States, 08240
      • Atlantic City Medical Center
    • Ridgewood, New Jersey, United States, 07450
      • Valley Hospital
    • Somerville, New Jersey, United States, 08876
      • Somerset Medical Center
    • Toms River, New Jersey, United States, 08755
      • Community Medical Center
    • Trenton, New Jersey, United States, 08629
      • St. Francis Medical Center
    • Trenton, New Jersey, United States, 08618
      • Capital Health System at Mercer
    • Warren, New Jersey, United States, 07059
      • Associated Radiologists, P.A.
  • New Mexico
    • Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States, 87109
      • Radiation Oncology Associates of Albuquerque
  • New York
    • Albany, New York, United States, 12208
      • Cancer Center of Albany Medical Center
    • Brooklyn, New York, United States, 11203
      • State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn
    • Brooklyn, New York, United States, 11215
      • New York Methodist Hospital
    • Buffalo, New York, United States, 14263-0001
      • Roswell Park Cancer Institute
    • Clifton Springs, New York, United States, 14432
      • Finger Lakes Radiation Oncology Center
    • Manhasset, New York, United States, 11030
      • CCOP - North Shore University Hospital
    • New York, New York, United States, 10032
      • Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Plattsburgh, New York, United States, 12901
      • Champlain Valley Physicians Hospital Medical Center
    • Poughkeepsie, New York, United States, 12601
      • Vassar Brothers Medical Center
    • Rochester, New York, United States, 14642
      • James P. Wilmot Cancer Center
    • Syracuse, New York, United States, 13217
      • CCOP - Syracuse Hematology-Oncology Associates of Central New York, P.C.
    • Yonkers, New York, United States, 10701
      • Riverhill Radiation Oncology
  • North Carolina
    • Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States, 27599-7295
      • Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, UNC
    • Concord, North Carolina, United States, 28025
      • Northeast Medical Center
    • Greenville, North Carolina, United States, 27858-4354
      • East Carolina University School of Medicine
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27104-4241
      • CCOP - Southeast Cancer Control Consortium
    • Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States, 27157-1082
      • Comprehensive Cancer Center at Wake Forest University
  • North Dakota
    • Minot, North Dakota, United States, 58701
      • Trinity Cancer Care Center
  • Ohio
    • Akron, Ohio, United States, 44302
      • Akron General Medical Center
    • Akron, Ohio, United States, 44304
      • Akron City Hospital
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45219
      • Christ Hospital
    • Cincinnati, Ohio, United States, 45267-0502
      • Barrett Cancer Center
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44195
      • Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106
      • University Hospitals of Cleveland
    • Cleveland, Ohio, United States, 44106-5065
      • Ireland Cancer Center
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43210-1240
      • Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital - Ohio State University
    • Columbus, Ohio, United States, 43206
      • CCOP - Columbus
    • Kettering, Ohio, United States, 45429
      • CCOP - Dayton
  • Oklahoma
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73104
      • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
    • Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States, 73101
      • St. Anthony Hospital
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74136
      • CCOP - Oklahoma
    • Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States, 74104
      • St. John Health System
  • Oregon
    • Portland, Oregon, United States, 97225
      • CCOP - Columbia River Program
  • Pennsylvania
    • Allentown, Pennsylvania, United States, 18105
      • LeHigh Valley Hospital
    • Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, United States, 18015
      • St. Luke's Hospital Cancer Center
    • Danville, Pennsylvania, United States, 17822-2001
      • Geisinger Medical Center
    • Darby, Pennsylvania, United States, 19023
      • Mercy Fitzgerald Hospital
    • Drexel Hill, Pennsylvania, United States, 19026
      • Delaware County Memorial Hospital
    • East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, United States, 18301
      • Pocono Cancer Center
    • Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States, 17033-0850
      • Milton S. Hershey Medical Center
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19111
      • Fox Chase Cancer Center
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Philadelphia
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19104-4283
      • University of Pennsylvania Cancer Center
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19107-5541
      • Kimmel Cancer Center of Thomas Jefferson University - Philadelphia
    • Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States, 19141-3098
      • Albert Einstein Cancer Center
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15224
      • Western Pennsylvania Hospital
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15213-3489
      • University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute
    • Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, 15219
      • Mercy Hospital of Pittsburgh
    • Reading, Pennsylvania, United States, 19612-6052
      • Reading Hospital and Medical Center
    • Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States, 18501
      • Mercy Hospital Cancer Center - Scranton
    • Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, United States, 18764
      • Wilkes Barre General Hospital
    • York, Pennsylvania, United States, 17315
      • York Hospital
  • Rhode Island
    • Providence, Rhode Island, United States, 02908-4735
      • Roger Williams Medical Center/BUSM
  • South Carolina
    • Greenville, South Carolina, United States, 29615
      • CCOP - Greenville
    • Spartanburg, South Carolina, United States, 29303
      • CCOP - Upstate Carolina
  • South Dakota
    • Rapid City, South Dakota, United States, 57709
      • Rapid City Regional Hospital
  • Tennessee
    • Jackson, Tennessee, United States, 38301-3956
      • Jackson-Madison County General Hospital
    • Memphis, Tennessee, United States, 38103
      • University of Tennessee Cancer Institute
    • Nashville, Tennessee, United States, 37232-5671
      • Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center
  • Texas
    • Amarillo, Texas, United States, 79106
      • Harrington Cancer Center
    • Galveston, Texas, United States, 77555-0209
      • University of Texas Medical Branch
    • Houston, Texas, United States, 77030-4009
      • University of Texas - MD Anderson Cancer Center
    • Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, United States, 78236-5300
      • Wilford Hall Medical Center
    • Lubbock, Texas, United States, 79410-1894
      • Joe Arrington Cancer Research and Treatment Center
    • Pasadena, Texas, United States, 77504
      • Bayshore Medical Center
  • Utah
    • Saint George, Utah, United States, 84770
      • Dixie Regional Medical Center
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84132
      • University of Utah Health Sciences Center
    • Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, 84143
      • Latter Day Saints Hospital
  • Vermont
    • Bennington, Vermont, United States, 05201
      • Green Mountain Oncology Group
    • Burlington, Vermont, United States, 05401
      • Vermont Cancer Center
  • Virginia
    • Charlottesville, Virginia, United States, 22908
      • Cancer Center at the University of Virginia
    • Harrisonburg, Virginia, United States, 22801
      • RMH Regional Cancer Center
    • Portsmouth, Virginia, United States, 23708-2197
      • Naval Medical Center, Portsmouth
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23298-0037
      • Massey Cancer Center
    • Richmond, Virginia, United States, 23226
      • Bon-Secours - St. Mary's Hospital
  • Washington
    • Seattle, Washington, United States, 98111
      • Virginia Mason Medical Center
    • Spokane, Washington, United States, 99210-0248
      • Deaconess Medical Center
    • Yakima, Washington, United States, 98902
      • Yakima Valley Memorial Hospital
  • West Virginia
    • Wheeling, West Virginia, United States, 26003
      • Schiffler Cancer Center
  • Wisconsin
    • Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, 54301
      • CCOP - St. Vincent Hospital Cancer Center, Green Bay
    • Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States, 54307-3508
      • St. Vincent Hospital
    • La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States, 54601
      • Gundersen Lutheran Medical Foundation
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53792
      • University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center
    • Madison, Wisconsin, United States, 53713
      • Southern Wisconsin Radiotherapy Center
    • Marshfield, Wisconsin, United States, 54449
      • Marshfield Clinic
    • Menomonee Falls, Wisconsin, United States, 53051
      • Community Memorial Hospital
    • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53226
      • Medical College of Wisconsin
    • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53211
      • Columbia Hospital
    • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53215
      • St. Luke's Medical Center
    • Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States, 53295
      • Veterans Affairs Medical Center - Milwaukee (Zablocki)
    • Racine, Wisconsin, United States, 53405
      • All Saints Cancer Center
    • Waukesha, Wisconsin, United States, 53188
      • Waukesha Memorial Hospital

Participation Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

• Ages Eligible for Study: Child; Adult; Older Adult
• Accepts Healthy Volunteers: No
• Genders Eligible for Study: Male

Description

Conditions for Patient Eligibility:

• The patient on entry will have no clinical evidence of disease by physical exam or by imaging studies. A positive ProstaScint scan alone without a confirmatory biopsy must not be used to exclude a patient. Eligible patients will be those who have undergone a radical prostatectomy (either retropubic or perineal) and pelvic lymphadenectomy (either open or laparoscopic) for carcinoma of the prostate, pathologic stage T3N0, or pT2 pN0 with positive inked resection margin, at least 12 weeks prior to study entry.
• Pathological T2 patients without positive margins, who are also pathologic N0 with prostatic fossa/anastamosis biopsy at the time of rising PSA documenting recurrent cancer, are eligible.
• At entry, the PSA must be between 0.2 and 4.0ng/ml, inclusive.
• A post-prostatectomy radioisotopic bone scan which was done within 16 weeks prior to entry must reveal no evidence of metastatic disease.
• Patient must be evaluated by both the radiation oncologist and the urologist prior to entry and judged to be a suitable candidate for radiation and hormonal therapy.
• Patient must have Karnofsky performance status >= 80.
• Patients must have a life expectancy in excess of 10 years.
• Patients must have, within 6 weeks prior to entry, a hemoglobin (Hgb) of >=10 gm, a white blood cell (WBC) count of >= 4000 cells/ml3, a platelet count of >= 100,000 cells/ml3, a serum bilirubin <= the institutional upper limit of normal, a serum serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) or serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) of <= 2.5 times the institutional upper limit of normal, and a serum creatinine of <= 2.0 times the institutional upper limit of normal.
• A post-prostatectomy pelvic computerized tomography (CT) scan, within 16 weeks prior to randomization, must reveal no evidence of metastatic disease.
• Patients must sign a study-specific informed consent form.
• Patients with prior invasive cancers are eligible if disease free for at least 5 years; prior or concurrent basal or squamous cell skin cancer is eligible.

Conditions for Patient Ineligibility:

• Pathologic stage T2 (without positive inked resection margin) or less except as stated in Section 3.1.1.1.
• Pathologic lymph node stage of pN1 or greater.
• An entry serum PSA of > 4.0ng/ml.
• Patients with persistant urinary extravasation after prostatectomy.
• Patients who have been previously treated with any hormonal therapy after prostatectomy.
• Patients who have previously been treated with radiation therapy or biologic therapy for prostate cancer.
• Karnofsky performance status < 80.
• Treatment start > 4 weeks after randomization.
• Prior chemotherapy for any reason.

Study Plan

How is the study designed?

Design Details

• Primary Purpose: Treatment
• Allocation: Randomized
• Interventional Model: Parallel Assignment
• Masking: Quadruple

Number of Arms

2

Arms and Interventions

Participant Group / Arm	Intervention / Treatment
Experimental: Bicalutamide; Radiation therapy + bicalutamide	Drug: bicalutamide; One (150 mg) tablet by mouth daily for two years beginning immediately upon, or just prior to, the initiation of irradiation.; Other Names: Casodex; Radiation: radiation therapy; 64.8 Gy in 36 fractions (1.8 Gy in 5 daily sessions per week) to the original prostate volume, the tumor resection bed, and the proximal membranous urethra.
Placebo Comparator: Placebo; Radiation therapy + placebo	Radiation: radiation therapy; 64.8 Gy in 36 fractions (1.8 Gy in 5 daily sessions per week) to the original prostate volume, the tumor resection bed, and the proximal membranous urethra.; Drug: placebo; One tablet by mouth daily for two years beginning immediately upon, or just prior to, the initiation of irradiation.

What is the study measuring?

Primary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Overall Survival (12-year Rates Reported)	Overall survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, with failure defined as death by any cause. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, twelve-year rates are reported. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death.	From date of randomization to 12 years.

Secondary Outcome Measures

Outcome Measure	Measure Description	Time Frame
Non-Prostate Cancer Death (12-year Rates Reported)	Non-prostate cancer death rates were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, with failure defined as any death that does not fall into the following categories: death due to prostate cancer or complications of protocol treatment (centrally reviewed), death with known progressive metastatic disease while on salvage hormone therapy, or death with a known rising PSA while on salvage hormone therapy. All other deaths are considered competing risks. Patients alive at time of analysis were censored. Any other death was treated as a competing risk. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death. "Non-Prostate cancer death" is a more accurate wording for the protocol endpoint of "non-disease-specific survival", and matches the protocol definition.	From date of randomization to 12 years.
Second PSA Recurrence (12-year Rates Reported)	Second PSA recurrence (SPSAR) rates (i.e. first PSA failure on study) were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, with failure defined as the first occurrence of one of the following events: 1. Increase in PSA following protocol treatment according to the following criteria met during protocol treatment: If PSA dropped to undetectable level (<0.2 ng/ml) during protocol treatment (PT) then failure = increase after PT to >= 0.5 ng/ml ; If PSA decreased to a detectable level (≥ 0.2 ng/ml) during PT, then failure = increase PT of >= 0.3 ng/ml above the lowest detectable level; If PSA did not decrease during PT then failure = increase in PSA after PT of >= 0.5 ng/ml above entry PSA level. 2. The start of salvage hormone therapy. Patients alive without SPSAR at time of analysis were censored. Death without SPSAR was treated as a competing risk. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death.	From date of randomization to 12 years.
Third PSA Recurrence (12-year Rates Reported)	Third PSA recurrence rates (i.e. second PSA failure on study) were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, with failure defined as PSA value of 0.5ng/ml or higher or any disease progression after starting salvage hormone therapy. Patients alive without third PSA recurrence at time of analysis were censored. Death without third PSA recurrence was treated as a competing risk. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death.	From start of salvage hormone therapy to 12 years.
PSA Complete Response at End of Protocol Treatment	Complete response is defined as a drop in PSA on protocol treatment to less than 0.2 ng/ml. Note that when the study opened many institutions could not detect PSA < 05 ng/ml.	End of protocol treatment, which is planned to last for two years
Distant Failure (12-year Rates Reported)	Distant failure rates were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, with failure defined as the first occurrence of distant failure. Patients alive without distant metastases at time of analysis were censored. Death without distant metastasis was treated as a competing risk. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death.	From date of randomization to 12 years.
Prostate Cancer Death (12-year Rates Reported)	Prostate cancer death rates were estimated by the cumulative incidence method, with failure defined as death due to prostate cancer or complications of protocol treatment (centrally reviewed), death with known progressive metastatic disease while on salvage hormone therapy, or death with a known rising PSA while on salvage hormone therapy. Patients alive at time of analysis were censored. Any other death was treated as a competing risk. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death. "Prostate cancer death" is a more accurate wording for the protocol endpoint of "disease-specific survival", and matches the protocol definition.	From date of randomization to 12 years.
Progression-free Survival (12-year Rates Reported)	Progress-free survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, with failure defined as the first occurrence of PSA failure, local, regional or distant failure, or death from any cause. Patients alive without progression at time of analysis were censored. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients, but twelve-year rates were reported. Patients are followed until death. "Progression-free Survival" is more accurate wording for the protocol endpoint of "Freedom from Progression", and matches the protocol definition.	From date of randomization to 12 years.
Grade 3+ Toxicity	Adverse events are graded using the Cooperative Group Common Toxicity Criteria and the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Radiation Morbidity Scoring. Grade refers to severity, assigning Grades 1 through 5 based on this general guideline: Grade 0 None, Grade 1 Mild, Grade 2 Moderate, Grade 3 Severe, Grade 4 Life-threatening or disabling, Grade 5 Death related toxicity. Toxicities reported to have occurred within 90 days from the start of radiotherapy are reported as "Acute Radiotherapy", all later toxicities are reported as "Hormone therapy and late radiotherapy toxicity". The highest grade toxicity event per subject is counted within each of these time periods. Four-year follow-up was required of all patients; patients are followed until death.	From date of randomization to four years.

Collaborators and Investigators

• Sponsor: Radiation Therapy Oncology Group
• Collaborators: National Cancer Institute (NCI); NRG Oncology; Southwest Oncology Group
• Investigators: Principal Investigator: William U. Shipley, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Study Chair: Himanshu R Lukka, MD, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON; Study Chair: Pierre P Major, MD, Juravinski Cancer Centre at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON; Study Chair: Niall M Heney, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston; Study Chair: David J Grignon, MD, Indiana University, Indianapolis

Publications and helpful links

General Publications

• Shipley WU, Seiferheld W, Lukka HR, Major PP, Heney NM, Grignon DJ, Sartor O, Patel MP, Bahary JP, Zietman AL, Pisansky TM, Zeitzer KL, Lawton CA, Feng FY, Lovett RD, Balogh AG, Souhami L, Rosenthal SA, Kerlin KJ, Dignam JJ, Pugh SL, Sandler HM; NRG Oncology RTOG. Radiation with or without Antiandrogen Therapy in Recurrent Prostate Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 2;376(5):417-428. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1607529.
• Modonutti D, Majdalany SE, Corsi N, Li P, Sood A, Dalela D, Jamil ML, Hwang C, Menon M, Rogers CG, Trinh QD, Novara G, Abdollah F. A novel prognostic model predicting overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving standard chemotherapy: A multi-trial cohort analysis. Prostate. 2022 Sep;82(13):1293-1303. doi: 10.1002/pros.24403. Epub 2022 Jul 5.
• Jackson WC, Tang M, Schipper MJ, Sandler HM, Zumsteg ZS, Efstathiou JA, Shipley WU, Seiferheld W, Lukka HR, Bahary JP, Zietman AL, Pisansky TM, Zeitzer KL, Hall WA, Dess RT, Lovett RD, Balogh AG, Feng FY, Spratt DE. Biochemical Failure Is Not a Surrogate End Point for Overall Survival in Recurrent Prostate Cancer: Analysis of NRG Oncology/RTOG 9601. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 20;40(27):3172-3179. doi: 10.1200/JCO.21.02741. Epub 2022 Jun 23.
• Feng FY, Huang HC, Spratt DE, Zhao SG, Sandler HM, Simko JP, Davicioni E, Nguyen PL, Pollack A, Efstathiou JA, Dicker AP, Todorovic T, Margrave J, Liu YS, Dabbas B, Thompson DJS, Das R, Dignam JJ, Sweeney C, Attard G, Bahary JP, Lukka HR, Hall WA, Pisansky TM, Shah AB, Pugh SL, Shipley WU, Tran PT. Validation of a 22-Gene Genomic Classifier in Patients With Recurrent Prostate Cancer: An Ancillary Study of the NRG/RTOG 9601 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol. 2021 Apr 1;7(4):544-552. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.7671. Erratum In: JAMA Oncol. 2021 Apr 1;7(4):639.
• Dess RT, Sun Y, Jackson WC, Jairath NK, Kishan AU, Wallington DG, Mahal BA, Stish BJ, Zumsteg ZS, Den RB, Hall WA, Gharzai LA, Jaworski EM, Reichert ZR, Morgan TM, Mehra R, Schaeffer EM, Sartor O, Nguyen PL, Lee WR, Rosenthal SA, Michalski JM, Schipper MJ, Dignam JJ, Pisansky TM, Zietman AL, Sandler HM, Efstathiou JA, Feng FY, Shipley WU, Spratt DE. Association of Presalvage Radiotherapy PSA Levels After Prostatectomy With Outcomes of Long-term Antiandrogen Therapy in Men With Prostate Cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2020 May 1;6(5):735-743. doi: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.0109.

Study record dates

Study Major Dates

• Study Start: February 1, 1998
• Primary Completion (Actual): August 1, 2015
• Study Completion (Actual): May 20, 2022

Study Registration Dates

• First Submitted: November 1, 1999
• First Submitted That Met QC Criteria: January 26, 2003
• First Posted (Estimate): January 27, 2003

Study Record Updates

• Last Update Posted (Actual): June 15, 2022
• Last Update Submitted That Met QC Criteria: May 23, 2022
• Last Verified: May 1, 2022

More Information

Terms related to this study

• Keywords: stage III prostate cancer; recurrent prostate cancer; stage IIB prostate cancer; stage IIA prostate cancer
• Additional Relevant MeSH Terms: Neoplasms; Urogenital Neoplasms; Neoplasms by Site; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Prostatic Diseases; Prostatic Neoplasms; Physiological Effects of Drugs; Antineoplastic Agents; Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists; Hormone Antagonists; Androgen Antagonists; Bicalutamide
• Other Study ID Numbers: RTOG-9601; CDR0000065158; RTOG-R9601

Plan for Individual participant data (IPD)

Study Data/Documents

1. Individual Participant Data Set
   Information identifier: NCT00002874
   Information comments: Select individual patient-level data from this trial can be requested from the NCTN/NCORP Data Archive.